Social Effort Research Articles

The effects of school structural characteristics and smoking prevention intervention program intervention on the change of smoking rate-for Gyeonggi-Do High Schools in Korea

Purpose of this study was investigated the changes in smoking rates for smoking prevention programs interventions for high school students. The survey was conducted from December 15, 2015 to January 31, 2016 by web survey in Gyeonggi-do in Korea. A total of 307 schools are included in the analysis excepting 153 schools of no response and the missing values. This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design with a quasi-experimental design. The changes in smoking rates were analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, which is a nonparametric test.: The statistically significant reduction in the smoking rate in the structural part was ‘Smoking cessation policy and regulations’, ‘Designed non-smoking throughout the school’, and Support for smoking prevention education of principal. Also, one or more of the nine programs were conducted at all high schools. In addition, smoking rates have decreased because most schools have duplicated education programs. But there was no change in smoking rates without the teacher's lecture or counseling. So, Smoking prevention is very important in the structure and process. In order to sustain this, it is necessary to create a social atmosphere and actively promote in the provincial office of education. The social effort for smoking prevention can reduce the tobacco by establishing a social atmosphere by preventing early smoking rather than attempting to quit smoking after becoming an adult.

Motivation factors influencing intention of mobile sports apps use by applying the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology(UTAUT)

The current study was to test how the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) can apply to continuance intention of mobile sports apps. As a result of survey procedures and after eliminating incomplete questionnaires, a total of 267 responses (N=267) of college students who encompasses the greatest proportion of mobile technology devices users were garnered for main analysis. The results of proposed model testing indicate that social utility (i.e., information of sports), entertainment (i.e., escape from routine), and effort expectancy (i.e., easiness to use) are important factors influencing continuance intention of mobile sports apps. This proposed test of the modified UTAUTmay contribute to develop theoretical and conceptual model in sports related technology users’ motivation and satisfaction literatures. Further theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.

Technological Change as Monetary a Phenomenon

This article attempts to study the function of monetary systems as networks of communication, which facilitate the channelling of social effort in the presence of exogenous conditions. A model of monetary system is being proposed, where monetary balances are algorithms of response, built up in the presence of uncertainty induced by technological change. Empirical research brought in support to that model demonstrates strong and negative a correlation between the velocity of money and the share of aggregate depreciation in current output, with intriguing links to exogenous mechanisms of energy absorption in the local social system.

Política de informação e acesso aberto em instituições públicas de ensino e pesquisa: a experiência de integração e gestão dos acervos digitais na UFMG

O artigo aborda as importantes iniciativas de Portugal com a criação do portal RCAAP e do Brasil com o estabelecimento do Portal Brasileiro de Publicações Científicas em Acesso Aberto. Descreve o processo de implementação do repositório institucional da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Trata-se de uma iniciativa de gestão compartilhada de recurso por meio da articulação dos repositórios que já existiam na instituição integrando-os em torno de uma política institucional comum e com gestão colaborativa em rede. Descreve também o processo de elaboração da política de informação na universidade considerando as especificidades e a representatividade da produção técnica que pode proporcionar a melhoria dos indicadores de produção individual e da instituição, com reflexos na própria ciência e na sociedade. Conclui-se que estruturação de um sistema de gestão compartilhada da informação em um RI exige empenho e trabalho criterioso e que as definições institucionais devem ocorrer respaldadas em estudos das necessidades dos diferentes segmentos da comunidade acadêmica e pautar-se pelas ponderações dos gestores e da comunidade usuária. Essas medidas possibilitam a integração entre as diversas áreas e repercutem globalmente o esforço científico e social realizado no âmbito da UFMG.

Association of Emotional Labor and Occupational Stressors with Depressive Symptoms among Women Sales Workers at a Clothing Shopping Mall in the Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In the distribution service industry, sales people often experience multiple occupational stressors such as excessive emotional labor, workplace mistreatment, and job insecurity. The present study aimed to explore the associations of these stressors with depressive symptoms among women sales workers at a clothing shopping mall in Korea. A cross sectional study was conducted on 583 women who consist of clothing sales workers and manual workers using a structured questionnaire to assess demographic factors, occupational stressors, and depressive symptoms. Multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the association of these stressors with depressive symptoms. Scores for job stress subscales such as job demand, job control, and job insecurity were higher among sales workers than among manual workers (p < 0.01). The multiple regression analysis revealed the association between occupation and depressive symptoms after controlling for age, educational level, cohabiting status, and occupational stressors (sβ = 0.08, p = 0.04). A significant interaction effect between occupation and social support was also observed in this model (sβ = −0.09, p = 0.02). The multiple regression analysis stratified by occupation showed that job demand, job insecurity, and workplace mistreatment were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in both occupations (p < 0.05), although the strength of statistical associations were slightly different. We found negative associations of social support (sβ = −0.22, p < 0.01) and emotional effort (sβ = −0.17, p < 0.01) with depressive symptoms in another multiple regression model for sales workers. Emotional dissonance (sβ = 0.23, p < 0.01) showed positive association with depressive symptoms in this model. The result of this study indicated that reducing occupational stressors would be effective for women sales workers to prevent depressive symptoms. In particular, promoting social support could be the most effective way to promote women sales workers’ mental health.

Esfuerzo físico, mental y social en actividades de esparcimiento: escala de evaluación para jóvenes mexicanos

Las actividades de esparcimiento implican esfuerzo físico, mental y social. Realizar estas actividades es beneficioso para el desarrollo del ser humano, por lo que es necesario contar con instrumentos para medir la participación en dichas actividades. Así, se construyó y validó una escala. Se llevaron a cabo dos fases, en ambas se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia y participaron estudiantes de una universidad pública mexicana. Primera fase: cuarenta y cuatro jóvenes analizaron un listado de 31 actividades de esparcimiento y valoraron el esfuerzo físico, mental y social requerido para realizarlas. Segunda fase: se entregó el listado de actividades (incluyendo además una escala de frecuencia de realización) a 332 jóvenes (63% mujeres; edad media de 20.47 años). Se calculó el esfuerzo (físico, mental y social) de cada participante, considerando los valores de la fase 1 y la frecuencia de participación. Los índices de consistencia interna son aceptables (medida de esfuerzo general α = 0.93; dimensión física α = 0.76; mental α = 0.80; social α = 0.80). Los datos permiten considerar la escala como una medida adecuada del nivel de participación en actividades de esparcimiento diferenciando el esfuerzo implicado para el grupo evaluado.

Psychosocial Pathways Towards a Sustainable Society

This article focuses on a social intervention effort that has been going on for about 15 years to free a group of people who have been under debt bondage in rural India. They have worked as members of self-help groups (SHGs) and now are members of a producers’ company devoted to the cause of organic farming. The article investigates the role that is played by greed, altruism and social capital in sustainability perceptions of such villagers who only recently got exposed to the ways of an aspirational society. We found that greed and altruism played very little part in predicting sustainability perceptions, but social capital was a major predictor. While bonding social capital enhanced sustainability perception, bridging social capital reduced it. The results are understood in the overall social context of the Indian rural society and the social processes that unfolded during this intervention.

Explaining fragmented and fluid mobilization in gold mining concessions in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

The expansion of industrial mining in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo has sparked social mobilization in gold mining concessions, most of which are important sites for artisanal mining. Congruent with observations on the nature of social movements in Africa, such mobilization is hyper-fragmented and fluid. We ascribe this high degree of fluidity and fragmentation both to factors internal to the social mobilization effort, including limited organizational potential and the heterogeneity of attitudes and discourses, and the political and socio-economic context, characterized by intense conflicts, patronage-based politics, poverty and repression. Additionally, we identify certain company practices as undermining the sustainability and coherence of social mobilization, in particular: the co-optation of intermediaries and protestors, acquiescence in practices of favoritism, fostering a repressive climate, and token commitment to community participation. We conclude that to understand social mobilization in mining concessions, it is important to study the interplay between political (re)actions ‘from above’ and ‘from below’, and to recognize the diversity of these (re)actions, which are located on a wide spectrum between resistance and repression on the one hand, and collaboration and co-optation on the other.

Risk and protective factors in the clinical rehabilitation of chronic back pain.

ObjectivesChronic back pain (CBP) can lead to disability and burden. In addition to its medical causes, its development is influenced by psychosocial risk factors, the so-called flag factors, which are categorized and integrated into many treatment guidelines. Currently, most studies investigate single flag factors, which limit the estimation of individual factor significance in the development of chronic pain. Furthermore, factors concerning patients’ lifestyle, biography and treatment history are often neglected. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to identify commonly neglected factors of CBP and integrate them into an analysis model comparing their significance with established flag factors.MethodsA total of 24 patients and therapists were cross-sectionally interviewed to identify commonly neglected factors of CBP. Subsequently, the impact of these factors was surveyed in a longitudinal study. In two rehabilitation clinics, CBP patients (n = 145) were examined before and 6 months after a 3-week inpatient rehabilitation. Outcome variables, chronification factor pain experience (CF-PE) and chronification factor disability (CF-D), were ascertained with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of standardized questionnaires. Predictors were evaluated using stepwise calculations of simple and multiple regression models.ResultsThrough interviews, medical history, iatrogenic factors, poor compliance, critical life events (LEs), social support (SS) type and effort–reward were identified as commonly neglected factors. However, only the final three held significance in comparison to established factors such as depression and pain-related cognitions. Longitudinally, lifestyle factors found to influence future pain were initial pain, physically demanding work, nicotine consumption, gender and rehabilitation clinic. LEs were unexpectedly found to be a strong predictor of future pain, as were the protective factors, reward at work and perceived SS.DiscussionThese findings shed insight regarding often overlooked factors in the development of CBP, suggesting that more detailed operationalization and superordinate frameworks would be beneficial to further research.ConclusionIn particular, LEs should be taken into account in future research. Protective factors should be integrated in therapeutic settings.

Optimal Strategy in Service Supply Chain Considering Social Responsibility and Quality Effort

Optimal Strategy in Service Supply Chain Considering Social Responsibility and Quality Effort

User Acceptance of Technologies in Their Infancy

This paper adjusts UTAUT2 to study user acceptance of an early stage technology by using the example of 3D printing for home users. The authors' findings show that UTAUT2 is capable of measuring user acceptance and that social influence and effort expectancy are good predictors for ‘intention to use' for early stage technologies. Nevertheless, there seem to be significant differences in the antecedents depending on the involvement levels and the DIY mentality of the user. Moreover, this research confirms and extends the applicability of UTAUT2 to early stage technologies while improving the authors' understanding of prospective 3D printing home users.

Determinants of workers’ attitude toward low-carbon technology adoption: empirical evidence from Chinese firms

As the main contribution of China’s carbon emissions, low-carbon production in industrial firms becomes an inevitable choice, and industrial firm employees’ attitudes on low-carbon new technology directly influence the results of low-carbon production. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the main factors influencing firm staff to accept low-carbon new technology. The study reveals that the employee’s social impact, performance expectation, effort expectations and convenient conditions, and employee characteristics are all main factors affecting their acceptance attitudes on low-carbon new technology. And social influence has the largest effect on employees’ acceptance attitudes toward low-carbon new technology. Accordingly, relevant policy recommendations are put forward for the future research direction.

Overcoming Internalized Stigma in Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities

This phenomenological study was done to identify comprehensively and in depth the experience of overcoming internalized stigma in persons with psychiatric disabilities. Methods: Data were collected from December 2015 to June 2016 with 10 persons who had psychiatric disabilities. The participants took part in interviews on their experiences of overcoming stigma. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. Results: From the raw data obtained from the study participants, 12 themes and 5 theme clusters were identified. The 5 theme clusters were found to be `being locked up in one`s own stigma`, `trying to escape from the self in constraints`, `overcoming oneself by oneself`, `getting to see the true self`, and `living the life desired`. Conclusion: Study findings indicate the necessity of developing a mediation program to reduce and overcome the internalized stigma in the persons with psychiatric disabilities. A national and social effort is necessary for persons with psychiatric disabilities to help them overcome the internalized stigma.

Shutting Down Protest

This article considers social control mechanisms that targeted public protest at a particular summit, the Brisbane G20, first by examining the management of previous gatherings (Miami and Toronto), and then by looking at the more specific, nuanced techniques deployed in Brisbane in 2014. Despite its violence, the Toronto G20 added a few legal and policing innovations, including designated free speech zones, controlled areas of movement, and, albeit unsuccessfully, the extensive use of public relations. The lessons of Toronto were directly incorporated into the security architecture of Brisbane's policing and social control effort. Brisbane witnessed one of the more successful efforts at limiting and arguably shutting down social protest in its entirety. Protest narratives were fastidiously managed and shaped by the Queensland Police Service and affiliated agencies. As a response, alternative protest techniques, including counter-summits, were ostensibly fashioned to circumvent such a restrictive security architecture, but were marginalized in doing so.

Безопасность в системе государственного регулирования распространения массовой информации

Information security and freedom of speech are making the issue of state media governing rather controversial subject of scientific research. Comparative analysis of the professional journalistic approaches to information security aimed at improving the state policy in the sphere of public institution’s interaction with the media. Security in the media system is a key interest of the professional community of journalists; so standards of self-regulating press require a common social effort on neutralization of the threats to information security in the sphere of mass communications. The main threat to Russia’s national information security is the poor quality of the national media, which may occur due to the restrictions of freedom of speech as well as because of the abuse of such freedom by mass-media. The interests of the state and civil society require the consolidation efforts in creating an enabling social environment for the growth of the prestige and quality of national mass-media, its economic autonomy and political responsibility.

Drivers and Barriers to Acceptance of Web-Based Aftercare of Patients in Inpatient Routine Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey

BackgroundWeb-based aftercare can help to stabilize treatment effects and support transition after inpatient treatment, yet uptake by patients seems limited in routine care and little is known about the mechanisms of adoption and implementation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to (1) determine acceptance of Web-based aftercare and (2) explore its drivers and barriers in different subgroups of a mixed inpatient sample.MethodIn a cross-sectional design, 38.3% (374/977) of the inpatients from a broad spectrum of diagnostic groups (psychosomatic, cardiologic, orthopedic, pediatric, and substance-related disorders) filled out a self-administered questionnaire prior to discharge. Drivers and barriers to patients’ acceptance of Web-based aftercare were examined based on an extension to the “unified theory of acceptance and use of technology” (UTAUT). In total, 16.7% (59/353) of the participants indicated prior use of eHealth interventions.ResultsAcceptance (min 1, max 5) was low (mean 2.56, SD 1.22) and differed between diagnostic groups (Welch F4,133.10 =7.77, P<.001), with highest acceptance in adolescent patients (mean 3.46, SD 1.42). Acceptance was significantly predicted by 3 UTAUT predictors: social influence (beta=.39, P<.001), performance expectancy (beta=.31, P<.001), and effort expectancy (beta=.22, P<.001). Furthermore, stress due to permanent availability (beta=−.09, P=.01) was negatively associated with acceptance.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a limited acceptance of Web-based aftercare in inpatients. Expectations, social environment’s attitude, and negative experience with permanent availability influence eHealth acceptance. Improving implementation, therefore, means increasing eHealth experience and literacy and facilitating positive attitudes in patients and health professionals through education and reduction of misconceptions about effectiveness or usability.

The Behavioral Intention of Citizen of Nigeria on E-Government Service by Utilization of The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)

The government around the world is now using the electronic government as the modern way of providing service for their citizen. Hence, a number of studies have been investigated and explored the importance of information technology to transform delivery service by the government to their citizen, However, e-government implementation in Nigeria still lacking due to some reasons, such as inadequate of infrastructure and the participation of the citizen to use the e-government service. This is call for change and further study is needed to investigate the behavioral intention of a citizen to use e-government service in Nigeria. Furthermore, the Unified Theory of acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model is used in this paper as its best model to explore the behavioral intention and usage, and it is combined with eight theories and models of technology adoption or acceptance toward a unified view. Thus the current paper is conceptualized that citizens' behavioral intention to use e-government is expected to be influenced by the citizen. This paper contributes in two folds; practically and theoretically. Citizen is the main role of using e-government service, thus require attention. The social influence, facilitating condition, performance expectancy and Effort expectancy are expected to influence the behavioral intention to use the e-government service. Therefore, the findings will help the government to formulate policies that consider the citizen's intention to use e-government service. The conceptual paper compares only on the fundamental concepts and findings, thus calls for an empirical validation of the proposed framework.

Online amplification of air pollution risk perception: the moderating role of affect in information

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the amplification effect of the Internet on Chinese people’s air pollution risk perception. Analyses are based on data collected from a sample of Internet users in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou (N = 328). This study assumes that the characteristics of online information ‒ availability of information and affect in information ‒ will significantly contribute to the increase in air pollution risk perception. Results of path analysis indicated marginal significance of the effect of information availability on air pollution risk perception. Regarding the influence of affect in information, results showed that information including appeals to affect significantly increased perceived risk of air pollution; meanwhile, it also functioned as a moderator that significantly increased the strength of the causal relationship between information availability and risk perception. Findings of this study suggest that strategies for appropriately amplifying risk perception such as using heuristics may contribute to promoting public awareness of risks as well as encouraging public participation in the social effort to tackle risks.

사회적 외모 불안과 부정적 신체 이미지 및 외모 중시도가 외모관리행동 및 미용성형의도에 미치는 영향

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of social appearance anxiety, negative body image, appearance importance on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. For data collection, a questionnaire was administrated to 428 female college students in Gwangju City, Korea. The results were summarized as follows. To analysis the data, the SPSS 20.0 was used, and frequence analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, F-test were conducted. The results were summarized as follows. First, social appearance anxiety turned out to have significant positive effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. Second, negative body image had positive effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. Third, appearance importance turned out to have significant effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. The results of this study above suggest that it would be necessary to seek for measures to reduce individual's appearance anxiety, negative body image, and appearance importance. Especially, People should get the realization of the beautiful on the inside that includes personality is more important than having external beauty. And, it is considered that the requirements of the social effort and education through a school and a media as well as a family for reducing the individual's appearance anxiety, negative body image, and the serious consideration of the appearance as rejecting the discrimination based on appearance.

Safety in the c-suite: How chief executive officers influence organizational safety climate and employee injuries.

According to social learning theory, powerful and high status individuals can significantly influence the behaviors of others. In this paper, we propose that chief executive officers (CEOs) indirectly impact frontline injuries through the collective social learning experiences and effort of different groups of organizational actors-including members of the top management team (TMT), organizational supervisors, and frontline employees. We found support for our collective social learning model using data from 2,714 frontline employees, 1,398 supervisors, and 229 members of TMTs in 54 organizations. TMT members' experiences within a CEO-driven TMT safety climate was positively related to organizational supervisors' reports of the broader organizational safety climate and their subsequent collective support for safety (reported by frontline employees). In turn, supervisory support for safety was associated with fewer employee injuries at the individual level. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for workplace safety research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record