Neighborhoods are critical arenas where urban form, accessibility, and daily life intersect, yet most megacities rely on coarse administrative boundaries that obscure local spatial and social dynamics. There is a persistent gap in objective, multicriteria, and data-driven methods for defining neighborhoods and supporting local planning. This paper proposes a transferable, data-light framework that clusters urban blocks into contiguous neighborhood units, contributing to a consistent socioterritorial definition. The framework incorporates barrier-aware adjacency constraints, PCA and multi-index/ARI-stability evidence based protocol to enable urban delineation. The method integrates three key planning dimensions: (A) built environment, (B) accessibility, and (C) sociodemographic context. After standardization and dimensionality reduction via Principal PCA, clustering is performed using three different algorithms. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the k-optimal value for each case. Applied to São Paulo, a 11.4-million–inhabitant city in Brazil, results indicate distance to high-capacity public transit as the most influential factor, correlating strongly with land value and commercial-service concentration. Population density remains relevant but not deterministic, underscoring the importance of a multi-criteria approach to neighborhood analysis. The clustering reveals socio-spatially cohesive areas that cut across formal administrative boundaries, exposing neighborhood-scale structures often obscured in conventional planning units. Core transit-rich clusters concentrate up to 75% of built area in commercial or service use, while peripheral zones remain underserved. The framework identifies neighborhood areas of influence that can support the delineation of reference perimeters for guiding the public policies, and offers planners a flexible tool for neighborhood-scale policy design, inclusive urban governance, and equitable spatial interventions. • Delimits objectively neighborhoods through unsupervised learning method • Replicable clustering approach strengthens neighborhood delineation in cities • Multi-metric clustering and validation method to analyse urban dynamics • São Paulo application evidences clustering’s relevance to neighborhood planning • Results showed strong alignment between cluster patterns and transit accessibility

Differentiated pathways for enhancing green innovation quality in the automotive industry guided by ESG frameworks and energy policies

Fluoxetine enhances reproductive output without affecting spawning-site selection in turquoise killifish.

Cyberattacks, perception, and market impact: Financial and social media dynamics of breach disclosure

Negative symptoms and social difficulties are a source of disability in patients with schizophrenia, yet they are less studied compared to delusions and hallucinations. We draw inspiration from calls to view schizophrenia as a disorder of social interaction, and argue that one way to operationalize such a second-person approach is in terms of the perceptual crossing paradigm. In this paradigm of social haptics, two participants are tasked to find each other’s avatar in an invisible virtual space that also contains other distracting objects. There are no explicit social cues and participants therefore need to learn how to distinguish between different affordances for interaction so as to disambiguate when haptic feedback is in fact mediated social touch. To test the feasibility of this experimental approach, we conducted a small pilot study consisting of seven schizophrenia patients paired with control participants. Both participant groups were able to solve the task, and preliminary findings are largely consistent with the literature on perceptual crossing. We propose hypotheses for future work with this paradigm in the context of social psychiatry, bringing to the fore the possible role of error and uncertainty in social interaction dynamics.

As social norms and relationship dynamics evolve, it is important to examine how transitions from singlehood to partnership, cohabitation, and marriage relate to well-being. Using data from two large panel studies in the UK and Germany (1984-2019), we identified N = 27,459 individuals who reported being single and living alone at least once. Analyses focused on a subset (N = 1103; Mage = 38.35, SDage = 13.87; 43.8% women) who later entered a relationship and moved in with a partner. Life satisfaction increased over the short to medium term after cohabitation across most socio-demographic groups. The increase peaked in the year of moving in (Δ ≈ 0.48 SD) and remained above pre-transition levels for the 2 subsequent years analyzed. Those who had found a partner one year before had already achieved significantly higher life satisfaction, while cohabitation showed no additional effect. Marriage showed a short-lived additional effect in the early 1990s, but not more recently. Lower-income individuals experienced a stronger post-peak decline. Findings suggest that well-being increases are more closely aligned with relationship formation than with cohabitation or marriage. Among participants already in a relationship, increases in well-being were observed prior to cohabitation, suggesting anticipatory effects.

The literature on resilience has focused predominantly on the consequences of resilience for the resilient individuals themselves. Yet, current theorizing on workplace events suggests that the critical and eye-catching nature of demonstrating resilience is likely to draw the attention of other employees. We explore these interpersonal dynamics surrounding resilience by developing and testing a model that delves into the consequences of employees observing their coworkers' resilience. Drawing from social comparison theory, we explain how observing resilience is related to both positive (inspiration) and negative (anxiety) social comparison emotions, based on perceptions of similarity with the resilient individual. We further theorize about the downstream consequences of these emotions for the observer's attitudes (positive mindset about stress) and behavior (adaptive performance). Across a combination of lab and field studies, we found that observing resilience is related to feelings of anxiety when the observer perceives themselves as being dissimilar to the resilient individual. However, the significant positive effect of observing resilience on inspiration was not conditional upon similarity perceptions. In turn, these feelings of inspiration and anxiety were associated with the observer having a more, or less, positive attitude toward stress, respectively, which was ultimately related to helping or hindering their adaptive performance in the workplace. We discuss how our research provides a rich avenue for future studies on the social dynamics surrounding employee resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Environmental, climatic, and social risk factors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and the implications of climate change.

Today, the story of the opium trade is an almost archetypal representation of the social, economic and military power dynamics at play in the colonial world. But few, if any, are aware that the European encounter with Chinese opium smoking spurred a European interest in opium vapour therapy, or that its spirited uptake in European medicine inspired a research programme that spanned the continent for more than half a century. Opium smoking was intoxicating, something which experimental science suggested should be impossible, since the chemical properties of opium's active alkaloids all but precluded the possibility of vaporization. Recalling opium smoking's entrance into medical practice and the subsequent experimental interest in the chemical constitution of opium vapour, this paper reconstructs the history of European 'opium science'. In doing so, it realizes opium science as the site of competing definitions of the biomedical reality implicated in the experience of opium intoxication, one centred on the intoxicated experiences of the colonial subjects themselves. Far from being a simple story of exchange between centres and peripheries, it examines the polycentricity of knowledge circulation in the colonial world and the implacable agency of intoxication.

An animal's ability to adapt to a changing environment often requires the coordination of various traits. Across these traits, many covary with one another to generate a diversity of complex phenomes tuned to a given ecology. While many reports have documented trait covariation in populations, less is known about how plastic traits co-vary to facilitate adaptation in an individual. In African cichlids, morphology and behavior are two hallmarks driving the adaptive speciation of lineages within the East African Great Lakes. Here, we leverage social rank and body coloration as plastic model traits to understand the interactions shaping male competition in the African cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni. Addressing the need to disentangle the influence of environmental adaptation from social dynamics on color morphology, we conducted experiments rearing cichlids in visually distinct environments using blue and yellow gravel substrates to induce blue/yellow color morphs. Our results demonstrate that the visual environment significantly influences the emergence of male color morphs: yellow territorial males were more prevalent on brown gravel, whereas blue males predominantly appeared in blue backgrounds. Contrary to previous reports, we found that blue males consistently outcompete yellow males in direct contests. Furthermore, behavioral patterns changed over time, with blue males adjusting their aggression strategies based on their visual environment, while yellow males exhibited a higher propensity to flee. These findings indicate that animal coloration and behavior are plastic traits that interact to shape male competition and behavioral ecology. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of phenotypic plasticity, adaptive strategies in fluctuating environments, and trait covariation.

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa experience disproportionately high HIV incidence, making pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) a critical prevention strategy. While perceived HIV risk is known to influence PrEP initiation and continuation, the role of social support in shaping PrEP use among AGYW remains insufficiently understood. This study presents a secondary analysis of qualitative interview data collected as part of HPTN 082, an open-label PrEP trial conducted between 2016 and 2018 in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants were offered daily oral PrEP (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine). Sixty-seven AGYW aged 16-24 were purposively sampled from the parent cohort of 426 participants, all of whom were identified as being at high risk for HIV using an empiric risk score. Participants completed in-depth interviews at 13 and/or 26weeks following study enrollment and PrEP initiation. Interviews explored motivations for PrEP use, experiences of adherence, and social influences. Analysts conducted thematic analysis to examine how social support and perceived HIV risk shaped PrEP initiation, adherence, and discontinuation. Three interconnected themes emerged: (1) multidimensional social support influencing PrEP adherence, (2) stigma, privacy constraints, and constrained adherence, and (3) perceived HIV risk as a key motivator for PrEP initiation and continuation. Emotional, instrumental, informational, and normative forms of support facilitated adherence in some contexts, while stigma, anticipated judgment, and limited privacy within households led to concealment, missed doses, and discontinuation in others. Perceived HIV risk, particularly related to partner infidelity or uncertainty, motivated PrEP initiation and persistence despite social barriers. Social support operates as a dynamic, double-edged influence on PrEP use among AGYW, simultaneously enabling and constraining adherence, depending on relational and structural contexts. Interventions that integrate stigma reduction, household- and community-level education, and strategies supporting autonomy and disclosure decision-making may improve sustained PrEP use. Addressing both social dynamics and risk perception remains critical to strengthening HIV prevention efforts.

ABSTRACT The present article examines the normative reliance on color-based conceptions of race in scholarly literature on East Central European history and present-day societies, arguing that its unreflective application produces a systematic mismatch between theoretical frameworks and regional empirical material. While recent scholarship has sought to integrate the region into global histories of race – often through critiques of the region's “racial innocence” or “racial exceptionalism” – this article contends that such approaches risk obscuring historically prevalent forms of racialization that were not primarily organized around skin color. Even if many of them were underpinned by notions of white supremacy, the emphasis of local actors was often put onto other purported markers of biological belonging. Methodologically, the article offers a critical review of scholarship and different strands in the literature, and finally reflects on the implications of color-centered frameworks for the study of contemporary regional social and political dynamics.

ABSTRACT Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose significant public health challenges for indigenous Amazonian communities. A limited understanding exists regarding how indigenous knowledge systems conceptualize and manage these diseases beyond Western biomedical frameworks. This study examined the Tikuna people’s ethnomedicinal knowledge and healthcare practices for VBD management in Puerto Esperanza, Colombian Amazon. Using mixed methods, including questionnaires, interviews with traditional practitioners, medicinal plant mapping, and field collections, researchers analyzed data through ethnobotanical indices (TRAMIL Significant Use Level, Relative Frequency of Citation, and Use-Value of Species). Findings revealed complex social dynamics in health knowledge distribution: while 91 per cent of community members recognized VBDs, only 38 per cent could differentiate symptoms and vectors, indicating knowledge stratification. Traditional practitioners serve as crucial cultural mediators in a three-stage healthcare process, bridging self-care and biomedical treatment. Forty-five plant species across 29 families were identified, with Petiveria alliacea dominating community use (NUST 50.82) while Crescentia cujete characterized specialized practice (RFC 0.17, UVs 0.63). Spatial analysis showed sophisticated landscape categorization, with 53.3 per cent of medicinal plants concentrated in highland stubble areas. Despite extensive medicinal plant knowledge, limited disease-specific understanding highlights the need for intercultural health approaches that integrate traditional ecological knowledge with contemporary public health strategies for more effective VBD management in indigenous communities.

Application of anatomical knowledge is an essential component of both clinical practice and medical education. Within dissection room-based practicals, game-based learning was introduced to a first-year undergraduate medicine session and designed to creatively engage students, cement understanding of the embryological subdivisions of the gastrointestinal tract, and encourage association with clinical acumen. A novel interactive card game established from the number game Sudoku was constructed to incorporate both practical-specific and wider course learning objectives. 81 laminated cards were created to depict anatomical features, gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal examination components, and sites of referred pain. Students were given a 9 × 9 square base to organize these cards into rows, columns, and boxes so that each contained three foregut, midgut, and hindgut features. An internal challenge was inserted within the game to inspire participation, which bolded the first letter of several cards to spell out the word "digestive". Teams submitted their entries as a group, and a winner was randomly selected from the correct answers. The winning teams earned a low-stakes but appropriate prize-a packet of chocolate digestive biscuits. Highlights of this resource include the reproducibility and sustainability of the format, which required minimal setup and equipment. On a local level, valuable insights were gained into student social dynamics and their effects on engagement. Observed competitive behaviors inspired reflections around professionalism and motivational factors within a largely formative learning landscape. Recommendations for future implementation of this resource explore its use among other anatomical systems and delivery across varied cohorts.

Suicidal experiences (e.g. suicidal thoughts, plans, urges, compulsions, images, acts, attempts) are common in the early stages of psychosis and represent a global healthcare concern. As well as hallucinations and delusions, psychosis is associated with difficulties in forming interpersonal relationships, causing isolation, disconnectedness, and significant psychological distress. This systematic literature review aimed to examine the effects of perceptions of offline and online social connectedness and disconnectedness on suicidal experiences in people with recent onset psychosis. We proposed a Social Connectedness and Disconnectedness (SoCaD) conceptual framework comprising six domains which guided the analytic process. A convergent, sequential explanatory approach to analysis was used. Fourteen studies were included from four electronic databases (i.e. PsycInfo, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science). The study screening and quality assessment procedures were checked by an independent researcher. Findings pertaining to five SoCaD domains were identified: 1. Supportive relationships with others; 2. Social identity and purpose; 3. A sense of belonging; 4. Perceived social value; and 5. A sense of mattering to others. No studies were identified that specifically examined experiences and perceptions of social connectedness or disconnectedness in the context of online social media activity and communication. This represents a substantial gap in the evidence. Overall, only a few studies made a useful contribution to better understanding the relationships between social connectedness and disconnectedness, recent onset psychosis, and suicidal experiences. Future research should methodically examine domains of social connectedness and disconnectedness across offline and online contexts and focus on context-specific understanding of these social dynamics to enhance suicide prevention strategies in this vulnerable population. Not applicable.

ABSTRACT Purpose This study investigates the interactions between human (farmers and farm advisers) and non-human (RiceAdvice) actors. It shows how farmers and farm advisers negotiate and integrate RiceAdvice in their practices, and how this influences knowledge flow, decision-making, and advisory roles. Design/Methodology/Approach This research uses Actor–Network Theory (ANT) and applies thematic analysis to qualitative data from 55 farmer interviews and 19 farm adviser interviews. Findings The results show that RiceAdvice enables farmers to obtain better and timely access to agronomic information. It supports the hybridisation of experiential and digital knowledge and enhances decision-making. Farm advisers now perform interpretation, validation and adjustment work to match digital recommendations with farmers’ farming practices and reality in the fields, helping them build trust. Practical Implications Our results show that digital farming technology like RiceAdvice complements farm advisers. Successful adoption of digital farming tools requires digital literacy, contextualisation of digital advice, and farm adviser mediation. Policymakers and extension services should train farm advisers to interpret and facilitate the use of digital insights. Theoretical Implications By using ANT to examine how the interaction between farmers, farmer advisers, and digital farming technology shapes the interpretation and practical application of digital recommendations, this study offers new insights and contributes to agricultural extension research, highlighting the relevance of social, technical and context dynamics in the effectiveness of advisory services. Originality/Value This research uniquely applies ANT to digital farming and emphasises the technology's collaborative role in generating knowledge and advising practices among farmers and farm advisers.

Most social groups punish freeriders (i.e., individuals who receive the same benefits from the group as others, despite contributing less to its success). In small groups, individual group members (rather than established authorities) typically implement this punishment spontaneously, and punishers may consequently be awarded social status by their peers. Here, we tested the preregistered hypothesis that this way of acquiring status works best when fellow group members are high, rather than low, in right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). The hypothesis was supported in a laboratory-based behavioral study (N = 667) in which small groups interacted in a financially incentivized repeated public goods game involving punishment (i.e., a social dilemma that puts immediate individual benefits at odds with long-term collective interests). Linking the process of status acquisition to peer RWA significantly advances the understanding of social dynamics in small groups.

Communication signals of many taxa, such as colouration, differ in urban areas compared to natural habitats. However, the mechanisms shaping these divergences-genetic or environmental-remain unclear. We studied urban and forest great tits (Parus major) from populations where carotenoid-based colouration is reduced in urban habitats compared to forest, and first examined whether they differed in their melanic patches. We then used a common garden experiment to determine if the colour differences were maintained when birds were raised from the unincubated egg stage in a common environment. In the wild, urban males showed smaller black ties than forest males, and along an urbanisation gradient within urban habitat. Common garden birds of urban origin exhibited reduced chromatic yellow breast and smaller ties compared to forest-origin birds. In contrast, common garden birds from both habitats did not differ in yellow brightness or ultraviolet chroma. These results suggest that divergences in carotenoid saturation and melanin patch are primarily driven by genetic changes or early maternal investment in eggs, whereas yellow brightness or ultraviolet chroma are more environmentally determined. These findings provide information on the mechanisms driving phenotypic divergence in urban birds, with potential implications for mate choice, social dynamics, and evolutionary trajectories in anthropogenic landscapes.

Shame is an unpleasant, activating emotion that has been shown to undermine learners' motivation and achievement and identity development in mathematics education. Recent studies have implemented positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to reduce preservice teachers' shame in mathematics, with promising quantitative outcomes. However, little is known about how such interventions operate within learners' emotional and social contexts. This study aimed to replicate a PPI with preservice primary teachers, explicitly examining the social dynamics and individual experiences involved in reducing shame. Ninety-nine students participated and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (nEG = 51) or a control group (nCG = 48). Using a mixed-methods design (including an RCT in the quantitative part), we assessed changes in mathematics-related shame and qualitatively explored preservice teachers' emotional and relational experiences throughout the intervention. Findings show a significant reduction in shame in the experimental group compared to the control group, with a medium effect size (Cohen's d = .54). Self-efficacy or social integration did not moderate this effect. Qualitative analyses reveal that changes in shame were closely tied to students' experiences of pleasant emotions, social relations and shifts in self-perception as mathematics learners. Our findings underscore the importance of social-emotional processes in understanding the impact of interventions. We argue that targeting shame in teacher education requires emotional and social support as well as cognitive support to foster sustainable competence and self-development in mathematics.

ABSTRACT Considering Italy as a transnational laboratory in which, for over three decades, Tange Kenzō’s approach to architecture and planning was tested across local institutions, political actors, social dynamics and historically layered urban contexts, this paper re-examines the Bologna 84 project through original archival materials. It argues that images – understood not merely as representations but as emotionally charged and operative tools in the design and communication process – played a strategic role in articulating architectural and urban planning proposals, orienting public opinion and fostering political consensus. Within this framework, the paper shows how projects such as the unbuilt Circus and the realized Fiera District mobilized symbolic forms and historical references to mediate between technological ambition and collective anxieties surrounding identity, participation and urban transformation. By situating Tange within broader debates on ‘anxious modernisms’, the paper reframes his Italian work in affective terms and contributes to discussions on the role of the architect-planner, highlighting how communities became emotionally engaged in and entangled with processes of large-scale urban transformation in the post-war decades.