Social Cultural Factors Research Articles

H - 56 Culturally-Responsive Neuropsychological Evaluations: Two Case Studies Demonstrating the Application of the ECLECTIC Framework in Pediatric Medical Populations.

This case series aimed to demonstrate the application of Dr. Daryl Fujii's ECLECTIC model to pediatric neuropsychological evaluations. The ECLECTIC model identifies a wide range of social and cultural factors (e.g., bilingual language development, economic factors, and social determinants) that are integrated to provide patient-centered, culturally responsive neuropsychological services. The application of the ECLECTIC model to pediatric evaluations will be reviewed. Two cases of pediatric patients with different levels of bilingualism (English/Spanish) and diagnoses of Spina Bifida (SB) will be presented. These cases will illustrate a range of cultural and social factors (including ethnic, linguistic, and economic factors) that impact a pediatric neuropsychological evaluation. Clinical considerations and practical solutions will be provided. The ECLECTIC model provides a framework for understanding and integrating social-cultural factors and the intersection of such factors in a pediatric neuropsychological evaluation. This is the first case series to demonstrate the use of the ECLECTIC model in a pediatric medical population. With the aim of reducing existing healthcare disparities, a social-cultural lens is critical to conducting a neuropsychological evaluation, formulating diagnoses and conceptualization, and offering relevant and patient/family-centered recommendations.

The Role of Risk Communication in Shaping Health-Protective Behavior Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand

The study aimed to investigate the influence of social media, cultural, and demographic factors on individuals’ perceptions of risk and their responses to risk communication. This study targeted the population living in Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, for the collection of data because Bangkok recorded the highest cumulative COVID-19 cases in the country during the pandemic. The questionnaire method included 625 respondents and was administered from August 2022 to October 2022. The questionnaire’s validation process involved conducting quantitative analysis, specifically utilizing confirmatory factor analysis within the IBM SPSS statistics 25 software. The analysis showed that demographic factors such as gender, occupation, education, and income significantly influenced risk interpretation. In terms of gender, males demonstrated a higher inclination towards evaluating data and information compared to females. Employed individuals also displayed a greater tendency for data evaluation than those who were not employed. Furthermore, individuals with lower education levels and income were more inclined towards studying risk-related information. Age and marital status did not exhibit a significant impact on risk interpretation. It was observed that interaction with social media can influence risk interpretation, potentially reducing individuals’ ability to interpret descriptive data. Furthermore, political beliefs were found to negatively impact risk interpretation due to the potential biases and preconceived notions that can shape how individuals perceive and evaluate information. Social, political, and cultural factors collectively played a role in shaping individuals’ perceptions and behaviors related to risk and health. Therefore, reevaluating these factors through quantitative research can offer valuable insights for formulating more effective recommendations to enhance risk communication policies and prepare strategies for future public health emergencies.

JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF JUDGES' CONSIDERATIONS IN DECIDING CASES FOR REQUESTS FOR DISPENSATION OF MARRIAGE IN THE LEGAL AREA OF THE BANTAENG RELIGIOUS COURT

This study aims to find out and analyze the implementation of requests for marriage dispensation at the Bantaeng Religious Court. To find out and analyze the factors that influence judges' considerations in deciding cases of marriage dispensation applications in the legal area of ​​the Bantaeng religious court, research, in general, can be classified into two types, namely sociological empirical research (field), namely research conducted with an approach to legal reality in society. This research is based on symptoms in the form of a gap between expectations (das solen) and reality (das sein) in law. Normative research, namely research conducted using an approach to legal norms or substances, legal principles, legal theory, legal arguments, and comparative law. In this study, the authors examined using a qualitative approach as mentioned above in a study. The results showed that the implementation of the application for marriage dispensation at the Bantaeng Religious Court was the Compilation of Islamic Law in Article 53, considering the benefit of the reasons put forward by the applicants and to protect children from early marriage. It is also hoped that the dispensation of the marriage age will benefit the community by providing convenience and solutions for problems. The factors that influence judges' considerations in deciding cases of applications for marriage dispensation in the jurisdiction of the Bantaeng religious court are social conditions, cultural factors, customs, and facts of the trial.

How social norms and values shape household healthcare expenditures and resource allocation: Insights from India

We present a novel perspective on thinking about and studying healthcare spending in contexts where few health-related financial risk protection mechanisms exist and where out-of-pocket spending by households is the norm. Drawing on interviews conducted across 20 villages in two states of India, we illustrate and problematize how a complex interplay of social norms and cultural factors underpin spending decisions within households in such contexts. While our analysis draws on the fieldwork at large, we present our findings through selected narratives - stories of patients suffering from chronic breathlessness. We engage with and reveal the various ways in which social norms dynamically drive this household economy, and shape resource allocation-related decisions. We conclude that in health system contexts where out-of-pocket spending by households is the norm, it is essential to recognise the pragmatic and calculative nature of intra-household allocation of resources, and how it involves bargaining and negotiations at the intersection of social norms, economic class, caste, gender, age, and productive status. And at the same time, how all of this occurs within the economy of the family, and how it plays out differently for different members of a family is also important to recognise. Such recognition can not only help one better appreciate how this household level economy may sometimes maintain and perpetuate entrenched hierarchies and gender inequities, crucially, it can help target health related social protection policies and strategies and make them more responsive to the needs of the most vulnerable in the society and within households.

When women’s empowerment meets health communication: a critical discourse analysis of the WeChat official account “Health China”

Abstract Prior studies have widely investigated women’s empowerment in Chinese social media, but women’s empowerment in new media-based health communication has gained insufficient attention. With an aim to empower female health in a new media-based context of China, this study employs a critical discourse analytic approach to study female empowerment in health communication by focusing on 48 articles in Health China. The results of text analysis demonstrate Health China releases an array of themes, including “female genital organs”, “pregnancy”, “women’s mental health”, “cosmetology”, and “general disease”. The findings also indicate that power, intertextuality, and coherence are employed as discursive practices embedded in Chinese women’s empowerment. The study also sketches out the social-cultural factors, like benevolent sexism, the plummet national birth rate, and the traditional Chinese cultural values, as the primary facilitators of Chinese women’s empowerment in health communication. This study contributes to better empowering health discursive strategies for female-related health communication in China and beyond.

Analyzing Chinese parents' and teachers' perception of play, children's emotional needs and therapy: implications for seeking help.

Before going through play therapy with children, parents' consent is usually needed. Thus, Parents' perception of play therapy can be a very important variable that influences the extent to which children are exposed to play therapy. Previous research has demonstrated the significant influence of social-cultural factors on people's perceptions of play therapy. This may in turn influence parents' decision about whether their children will participate in play therapy. This study explores the factors that influence Chinese parents' decisions on their children's engagement in play therapy from a social-cultural perspective. This small-scale research includes the following: a questionnaire with 16 parents; three one-to-one semi-structured interviews with three parents; and one focus group with 3 teachers. The results showed that Chinese parents' perceptions of therapy are mostly negative, which may reduce the desire of parents to let their children become involved with play therapy. The children's academic stress and the parents' economic pressures indicate a barrier for families to commit time and money to play therapy. Parents' confidence in their ability to recognize children's emotions, their lack of knowledge about play therapy, and the process of obtaining help from mental health services for children could be another barriers preventing engagement with play therapy. Even though the research is conducted with a very limited sample size and the results cannot represent the wider population, this research provides some insights into this issue that can be explored in detail in future research, to re-evaluate the results and form a more concrete theory within a wider population in China.

DINAMIKA PERAN KELUARGA DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING: ANALISIS KUALITATIF PADA KELUARGA BERPENDAPATAN RENDAH DI KAWASAN URBAN

This study aims to analyze the role of families in preventing stunting among low-income families in urban areas. The research methodology employed was qualitative analysis, gathering data through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The study participants consisted of low-income families with toddlers in urban areas. The findings reveal that families play a significant role in preventing stunting. The role of mothers is particularly crucial in providing exclusive breastfeeding, ensuring balanced dietary intake, and providing proper care. Social support from family and the community also plays a vital role in stunting prevention. Social-cultural factors such as eating norms, nutritional knowledge, accessibility to nutritious food, and the family environment influence eating behaviors and child care practices. Therefore, efforts to increase nutritional knowledge and awareness, improve accessibility to nutritious food, and strengthen the family's role are necessary to prevent stunting in urban areas, especially among low-income families.

Social support and rights protection of disabled women in anti-trafficking in China

In China, women with disabilities are one of the main victims of human trafficking against women. The victims of abducting crimes and the buyers are both concentrated in rural areas, which implicit profound social and cultural causes. Demographic and social-culture factors under the influence of patriarchal ideology and marriage squeeze have jointly caused the crimes, while China’s urbanization and poverty in rural areas deeply affected the lives of women with disabilities and protection against trafficking and other crimes. This study examines the influencing factors of trafficking in women in China and the inadequacies of social support and care for disabled women in anti-trafficking. Furthermore, this study recommends a set of countermeasures and suggestions on the aspects of social support and assistance for the prevention, timely rescue, and elimination of crimes.

Prevalence and factors associated with utilization of emergency obstetric newborn care services among women of reproductive age in Nakuru county Kenya

Background: Emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) mediates maternal survival. To prevent deaths, mothers require access to quality care and utilization of health facilities where professionals can promptly diagnose and manage emergencies related to pregnancy and childbirth. The study focused on socio-demographic, social cultural and social economic factors. Methods: The study was a randomized control trial and utilized a mixed method. Pregnant mother 26 to 32 weeks gestation and aged 15-49 years totaling to 382 respondents were enrolled in the study. Allocation to each study group was done on a 1:1 ratio; hence each group had 191 participants. The study was conducted from January to July 2020. Results: The intervention group had 95.93% (n=165) utilization of EmONC services in comparison to the control arm 75.29% (n=128). There was no discrepancy in both groups from base line to final survey OR=1.209, CI=0.742 to 1.969 and p=0.446. The level of education significantly influenced utilization at χ2=40.402 and a p<0.001. Secondary education influences utilization of EmONC services at AOR=8.791, 95% CI=3.631 to 21.285 and p<0.001. Respondents with tertiary education were 2.5 times likely to utilize EmONC services. Parity was significant at χ2=43.724, p<0.001. There was no significant difference between socioeconomic factors, sociocultural factors and utilization of EmONC services at baseline level. Conclusions: There was an increase in utilization of EmONC services. The education level and parity of the woman determined the utilization of EmONC services.

Oral health of adolescents in West Africa: prioritizing its social determinants

Oral health is a major public health issue in West Africa, yet it has gotten little attention. Individual and group disparities in health status are influenced by social determinants of health (SDH), which also affect oral health. Adolescence is a significant transition into adulthood, a time when the SDH can contribute to lifelong health status. This article explored the SDH associated with oral health behaviour, perception, and oral health development amongst adolescents in West Africa. This article engaged articles published in peer-reviewed journals relating to adolescents' oral health and West Africa. The authors undertook this desk review to determine the social determinants of adolescents' oral health in West Africa. The literacy levels and oral health awareness of adolescents, family and social circle influences, socioeconomic status, nutritional levels, and cultural and environmental factors have been identified as important social determinants. Adequate policy implementation with the integration of oral health in schools' curriculum, health systems reorientation with the adoption of oral health delivery in primary health care and expansion in oral health research with the assessment of cultural influences on oral health development have been recommended as interventions to reduce oral health inequalities in West Africa.

An Ethnographic Study Exploring the Effect of Family on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Its Younger Members in the Delhi-NCR Region of India

Abstract The study uses data from an ethnographic study of 32 family members from six families from New Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR), India, to develop our understanding of entrepreneurial intentions in the younger members of middle-class families of India. The study identifies two critical familial influences, generational congruence and the need to maintain harmony, along with the presence of feministic values, as factors that impact the development of entrepreneurial intentions. The study further confirms that the need to conform to a social image impacts the decisions taken by family members. By highlighting the significant influence that family can have on the development of entrepreneurial intentions, this research points out gaps in how current policies and programs target entrepreneurship development in transforming economies like India. While the limited geographic scope of this study makes the findings applicable only to families in New Delhi and NCR and less generalizable overall, it further highlights the need to conduct similar studies across other parts of India, as well as other countries with similar cultural dimensions as India. The researchers suggest focussing policies towards promoting trust and confidence in entrepreneurship as a potential career option and highlighting the benefits of pursuing entrepreneurship amongst the masses by keeping in mind the cultural and geographic differences across the country. The novelty of this study lies firstly in its methodological approach, where entrepreneurial intentions are evaluated via short ethnographies. Secondly, with a strong focus on Indian family dynamics, the authors have identified novel influences that could apply to other transforming economies with similar social-cultural factors to India.

Social-Cultural Factors Associated with Common Mental Health Disorders among Pregnant and Parenting Teenagers: A Case Study of Korogocho Slums, Nairobi County, Kenya

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a significant problem in Kenya, with over 18% of teenagers aged 15-19 being pregnant or already mothers, with rates even higher in low-income areas such as slums. Existing research has shown that teenage pregnancy increases the risk of mental health disorders, and maternal complications during childbirth, and postpartum. Objective: The study aimed to determine the social-cultural factors associated with common mental health disorders among pregnant and parenting teenagers. Method: An analytical cross-sectional research design was applied. A stratified random sampling technique was utilized to recruit 153 study participants, where Cochran formula for smaller populations was applied to determine sample size. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques of data collection were applied. The chi-square test for independence was employed to determine the degree of association between the dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was set at p=≤0.05. Results: The prevalence of common mental health disorders in this study was 55%. When the bivariate analysis was done, the following social-cultural factors were found to be significantly associated with common mental health disorders. Absence of social support (X2=2.983, df=3, P<0.005), intimate partner violence (X2= 25.970; df=1, P-value=< 0.000). Presence of physical violence (Physical abuse before pregnancy(X2=19.006, df=2,p<0.001*), Physical abuse during pregnancy(X2=21.169, df=2, <0.001*), Physical abuse after delivery(X2=26.173, df=2, <0.001*),) and presence of sexual violence(Sexual abuse before pregnancy(X2=13.896, df=2, <0.001*), Sexual abuse during pregnancy(X2=5.208, df=2, 0.035*) and Sexual abuse after pregnancy(X2=8.405, df=2, 0.003*). Conclusion: The prevalence of common mental health disorders in this study was high. The following social-cultural factors were found to be significantly associated with common mental health disorders, absence of social support, presence of physical violence, presence of sexual abuse, and the presence of intimate partner violence. There is a need to develop psychosocial and legal support programs targeting pregnant and parenting teenagers to prevent them from common mental health disorders. Furthermore, the community including parents, teachers, and policymakers should support adolescents during their growth and development stages and protect them against teenage pregnancies which will ultimately lead to a healthier population.

The Power of Social Norms: Exploring the Influence of Cultural Factors on Economic Decision-Making

This research study aims to explore the influence of social norms and cultural factors on economic decision-making in West Java. By examining the prevalence of social norms, the role of cultural factors, and the alignment of economic behavior with societal expectations, this study highlights the dynamics of economic decision-making in the region. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews to collect data from 400 participants in West Java. The findings of this study highlight the importance of social norms in guiding economic behavior, the influence of cultural factors such as religious beliefs and traditional values, and the challenges and deviations that individuals face in complying with social norms. The results of this study contribute to the existing literature on social norms, cultural factors and economic decision-making, and provide valuable insights for policymakers, businesses and practitioners seeking to promote sustainable economic practices in West Java.

ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLE

This study tries to explain the determinants of leadership style which consists of personal characteristics and social culture, by observing 51 samples of the Mekar Jaya Village Community, Wonosari District, Boalemo Regency. Data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique through SMARTPLS version 3 software. Samples were selected and collected through purposive sampling and distributed via online questionnaire via the Google form. The results show that Personal Characteristics has no significant effect, with a T Statistical value of 1.388 and P Values of 0.166 while Social Cultural Factors has a significant effect, with a T Statistical value of 3.066 and P Values of 0.002 on Leadership Style.

Women Higher Education in Rural Southern Punjab; An Analysis of The Moderating Impact of Economic, Social and Cultural Contexts

The rate of progress in any area is highly dependent on collective efforts by both genders. The significant contribution by women in any field can be seen in education, where they can take part and show their best abilities. This research study investigates the moderating impact of economic and social-cultural factors on women's higher education in rural southern Punjab by applying multilevel logistic regression. This study's main objective is to point out the economic and socio-cultural factors that cause hindrances to females getting higher education by analyzing 2136 respondents’ primary data. The Multilevel Logistic Regression Model has been used. This analysis suggests that the Punjab government should focus more on female education, especially in Rural Southern Punjab by making more economic and structural changes. Government should provide counselling services, awareness programs, and initiatives to reduce the stigma associated with mental health issues. Policies should address the issue of a lack of institutions, as it has a strong negative association with the outcome. Policies could offer specific support to larger families. Additionally, there should be an analysis of factors related to geographical distance and the formulation of potential solutions. The government ought to provide targeted financial assistance, as well as implement education and training programs, or other resources, to enhance the economic well-being of these families.

SOCIOLOGY OF CHANGE UNDER DIFFERENT THEORETICAL IDEOLOGIES

This study aimed to analyze the phenomenon of change theoretically, by evoking the concept within its epistemological contexts, from the perspective of researchers and academics, who devoted their studies to develop a clear conception of the concept of change.
 There have been many perspectives that have studied the subject with the efforts of scholars and researchers affiliated with different theoretical ideologies. We find functional interpretations of change as a vital process, and Marxism as a picture of contradictions, while other theories emphasize the role played by the conflicting elites over social power, or cultural and technological factors, especially the factor Invention in the process of change.

Perceived Barriers and Social Cultural Factors Associated With Advance Care Planning Conversations Among Chinese American Older Adults.

Despite the well-documented benefits of advance care planning (ACP), persistent racial and ethnic disparities continue to exist in ACP engagement. Guided by a social ecological model, this study examined perceived barriers and sociocultural factors associated with informal ACP conversations among Chinese American older adults. A purposive sample of 281 community-dwelling older Chinese Americans aged 55years or older in Arizona and Maryland completed a survey in 2018. Hierarchical logistic regression models were conducted. 26.5% of the participants had engaged in ACP conversations with family. Lower perceived barriers and sociocultural factors (i.e., length of stay in the U.S. and English language proficiency) were positively associated with ACP conversations. Social support had a significant moderation effect. Findings highlighted the importance of language services and social support in facilitating ACP discussions among older Chinese immigrants. Effective strategies are needed to reduce the barriers to ACP at various levels for older Chinese American populations.

Social Cultural Factors Affecting Fertility Among Women Living with Disability in Bungoma County, Kenya

This research aimed to explore the childbearing gap created by sociocultural challenges among disabled women in Bungoma County. Using a pronatalist approach, the study explores the extent to which the level of education, marital status and social status influence fertility attainment among WLWD. The research was directed by planned behaviour theory by Icek Ajzen (1991), which helped analyse the interaction of childbearing motivations, decision-making processes and fertility outcomes. Cross-sectional design was adopted and participants aged between 15 to 49 years old were selected using purposeful sampling. A pre-tested structured questionnaire, key informant guide and two focus groups were adopted to gather data. A sample size of 120 comprised women living with disability, health officials, administrators, and family members. The study area was mapped out with nine sites selected in Bungoma Central and Kimilili sub-counties in Bungoma County. A pilot study was done in the Kimilili subcounty to test reliability. Descriptive data underwent content analysis, themes coded using the framework analysis approach and transcribed, while quantitative data underwent logistic regression analysis using the SPSS package. Chi-square tests were used to link associations between sociocultural factors and fertility outcomes among WLWD in Bungoma County. Data results were represented using tables of frequencies, charts, graphs and percentages. These cultural barriers were identified as stigma, cultural beliefs and cultural attitudes. The study concludes that lack of education, low social status, overwhelming stigma and conservative mode of the patriarchal family system negatively depresses the fertility outcomes of disabled women in Bungoma County. The research recommended that disabled people ought to be helped to get an education and promote programmes against cultural biases towards fertility. Further, special hospital or home care units with well-trained personnel by the government were recommended to give specialised services to the WLWD

BAGAIMANA PEMAHAMAN IBU MENGENAI JADWAL IMUNISASI BALITA YANG TERDAPAT PADA BUKU KIA

Immunization coverage in Yogyakarta, especially in Sleman Regency, has been achieved the target as many as 95.1%, while 4.9% that was not achieved was due to an increase in immunization rejection due to religious reasons and cadres who did not regularly report immunization results. This research aims to find out the mother‟s knowledge on toddlers‟ immunization at KIA (Maternal and Child Health) book. The research method was a literature review. The result of mothers‟ understanding of basic and advanced immunization schedules of the majority was knowledgeable enough. The understanding was based on the majority age of 20 to 35 years old, senior high school students as majority education, housewive job as the majority job. The conclusion of mothers‟ knowledge on toddlers‟ basic and advanced immunization schedules of the majority is knowledgeable enough. It happens because 2 factors can affect knowledge, namely internal and external factors. The internal factor consists of age, education, and job. The external factor consists of environment and social culture factors. The suggestion for next researchers especially on literature review research can use more databases so that many journals or articles can be used comprehensively and use the limit of the year of searching articles using the specified keywords that are the last five years so that the literature will be more updated

The Social Cultural Factors Influencing the Level of Adoption of Biogas as an Alternative Energy Source in Gakawa Location, Nyeri County, Kenya

Objective: This study examined the socio-cultural factors influencing the adoption of biogas as an alternative energy source among the small scale farmers in Gakawa location, Nyeri County. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive research design in order to emphasize the measurement and analysis of relationships between study variables, and to systematically describe the Social cultural factors influencing the Level of adoption of biogas as an alternative energy source in Gakawa Location, Nyeri County, Kenya. Multi stage sampling was used to sample 351 households not involved in the Biogas Technology Project (BGTP) and 71 households involved in the BGTP. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire consisting of both open ended and close ended questions. Also key informants such as the agricultural extension officers, heads of local cooperative dairy society and NGOs coordinators were interviewed to augment the results of the household respondents. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and results presented in frequency tables, while qualitative data was analysed by categorizing similar themes from the respondents and using them to augment the quantitative data. Results: This study has shown that socio-cultural factors can influence the uptake of biogas as an alternative energy source. For instance, households with higher levels of education were found to easily adopt biogas technology. Elderly people were more established and had fixed residence compared to younger people and thus were able to invest in expensive and permanent non-transferable projects like biogas technology. Female headed households tend to adopt the biogas technology as compared to their male counterparts. Finally, the results indicate that substitution of traditional sources of cooking, to more efficient household energy for the households, particularly in developing countries has not been adequately achieved. Conclusion: It is concluded that for the uptake of the biogas technology to be effective, social cultural factors of communities must be taken into account. Also there is need for more studies in developing countries that will generate more policies to help households to embrace more efficient technology.