Soap Consumption Research Articles

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Deterjen Sabun Pencuci Piring Ramah Lingkungan

Community participation in developing the regional economy is needed. However, with the current condition, people are confused about where to start their business and what kind. Through community service lecturers on training in making dishwashing detergents, it is hoped that this can reduce the burden on the community. Dish washing soap is one of the household necessities which functions as a remover of dirt and grease on eating and cooking utensils. The continuous consumption of dish soap every day causes the need to procure soap at a cost that is not small, especially for women in RT 2 RW 4 Kelurahan Koto Lua Sub-district Pauh Padang. The purpose of carrying out this community service is to provide knowledge and training to mothers about making liquid dish soap in order to reduce community expenditure on purchasing soap as well as to create new business opportunities. In the service activity, the raw materials, work procedures and production costs for making dish soap will be explained. From the activities carried out, partners can produce product output in the form of liquid dish soap according to the method given in the training. The results obtained by training participants were able to recognize ingredients and be able to make dishwashing detergent and increase the skills of mothers in making dishwashing detergent.

The Environmental Impacts of Bar Soap Production: Uncovering Sustainability Risks with LCA Analysis

Washing bar soap is widely used and vital in everyday life, especially in developing countries where demand is increasing due to population expansion. However, the production and use of washing bar soap have negative impacts on the environment, and the sustainability of soap packaging is also a concern. This research focuses on measuring the environmental effects of the production phase of washing bar soap while accounting for the differences in soap consumption across brands and consumer behavior during the use phase. The research aims to quantify the ecological burden caused by the production and use of 1 kg of bar soap through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that follows ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. This study also addresses the resource-intensive aspect of soap packaging, particularly plastic packaging, and offers sustainability solutions through circular economy principles. GaBi v8.0 software is used to evaluate various environmental performance indicators, and the results show that eutrophication has the highest burden on the environment compared to other categories. This study highlights the importance of consumer behavior in reducing the environmental impact of washing bar soap, as the use stage of washing bar soap has the most significant impact in most categories.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring Dalam Rangka Pemberdayaan Perempuan di Kecamatan Tanjung Mutiara Kabupaten Agam

Most of the residents of Tiku V Jorong Village, Agam District work as farmers and gardeners, whereas the women mostly are housewives. The training given to women community in Tiku V Jorong Village was the production of liquid dish soap. The selection of liquid dish soap products is based on the fact that consumption of dish soap is always needed by every household in their daily life. In addition, the process of making liquid dish soap is relatively easy and the process does not require many equipment, thus it can be done by women community in Tiku V Jorong Village on the sidelines of other daily activities.The liquid dish soap can be used for their daily needs or can be business opportunities for the village. The activity was carried out on November 26, 2022, which was attended by ± 25 women. The training began with the explanation about the materials and equipment used in making the liquid dish soap. The main materials used were texapon, sodium sulfate, and sodium chloride. Foam booster, perfume, and dye were used as additive. Then, the practice is carried out jointly between the women community and the community service team from Politeknik ATI Padang, thus the women community can be able to make the liquid dish soap on their own. The training was closed with the presentation of business prospective from liquid dish soap. All of the participants were enthusiastic with this training. With this training, it can be expected that the women community in Tiku V Jorong Village have the knowledge and the skill to make their own liquid dish soap. Besides, it can be the new opportunity for business thus the local economy can be improved as well.

Ọsẹ Dúdú: Exploring the Benefits of Yoruba Indigenous Black Soap in Southwest, Nigeria

This study explored the benefits of the production, sale, and consumption of Indigenous black soap (ọsẹ dúdú) in southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 71 participants from Oyo, Ogun, and Lagos states. Participants were extensively interviewed, and their responses were analyzed and placed into themes. The study found certain economic- and health-related benefits attached to the production, sale, and consumption of black soap. These benefits could help drive sustainable development in Indigenous communities in Nigeria and the model could be used in Indigenous communities in other countries. Ọsẹ dúdú was also a major ingredient, in conjunction with other herbs, in medicines that were perceived to have important health benefits. Policy recommendations are suggested.

Avaliação das práticas de higienização das mãos em três unidades de terapia intensiva

Justificativa e objetivos: Higienização das Mãos (HM) é uma medida simples e eficaz no combate às Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS). Apesar do esforço feito pelos profissionais do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH), o cumprimento das práticas ainda permanece baixo, geralmente inferior a 50%. Por esse motivo, este estudo objetivou avaliar as práticas de HM em três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital privado de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo de natureza quantitativa, realizado em três UTIs de um hospital privado de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. No período de julho/2016 a julho/2017 foram avaliados todos os documentos de HM do hospital de estudo, totalizando 1.100 observações in loco realizadas pelos enfermeiros do SCIH. Para análise dos dados adotou-se estatística descritiva e regressão linear utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A taxa de adesão à HM variou entre 27,3 e 88,2%, com média de 47% (±16,8). O consumo de preparação alcoólica e sabonete líquido obtiveram, respectivamente, uma média de 32 e 47 ml/paciente-dia. Houve correlação positiva entre o consumo de preparação alcoólica e a taxa de adesão (r2=0,49, p=0,01). Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde ainda necessitam de sensibilização acerca da importância da higiene de mãos para redução das IRAS. Descritores: Higiene das Mãos. Infecção hospitalar. Cuidados Críticos.

Serial Measurements of Soap Weights and Soap Availability to Describe Handwashing Behavior.

Available measures of handwashing are prone to bias. We tested the feasibility and reliability of weighing soap at repeated visits and subtracting the measured weight from the prior weight to assess daily per capita soap consumption in a low-income community in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fieldworkers approached 220 households twice weekly over 2 months. They interviewed participants, weighed soap, and assessed hand cleanliness and the presence of a handwashing station. Respondents used bar soap (91% [201]) and laundry detergent cakes (39% [85]) for handwashing as well as for bathing and laundry. Ninety-eight percent of households had bar soap present on at least one visit, although only 50% had bar soap at every visit during the 2-month period. Fieldworkers observed a soap fragment on the wall near the latrine in 27% (470) of visits. Households consumed a mean 1.5 g of bar soap and 3.2 g detergent cake per person per day. Daily per capita soap consumption was similar in households visited by fieldworkers after different intervals (2, 3, 4, or 5 days). Soap consumption was not associated with household wealth, education of the household head, the presence of a handwashing station, the presence of water or soap at a handwashing station, or palm inspections of the mother or child. Soap weight measurements were an objective, reliable measure of soap consumption that provided different information from other handwashing indicators. The frequent use of a soap product for purposes other than handwashing complicates using soap consumption as a handwashing measure.

Calcium soap from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) for ruminant feed: quality of calcium source

Calcium soap is potentially used as fat supplements for ruminants since it contains high concentration of fat and calcium that are useful for ruminants. The consumption of calcium soap may increase the yield and the fat content of milk, as well as increase the ruminant’s fertility. Calcium soap can be produced from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), which is a by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) refining process, and calcium oxide (CaO). In this study, the effect of CaO quality on the acid value of the product has been observed. It was found that the reaction with lower concentration of active calcium of CaO resulted in products with a higher acid value, which indicates a lower reaction conversion. Thus, the produced calcium soap requires further treatment in order to remove the unreacted calcium and free fatty acid. Washing with hexane followed by either vacuum or convection drying has been found to be able to reduce the acid value of the product significantly.

Effect of drain effluents on hardness of water of the ponds of Varanasi

Water is necessity of all living being, it helps in the digestion of food as well as provides necessary minerals required to the body. But, harden water has its demerits on human life both ways for drinking as well as for normal use. The soap consumption requires a high budget and accumulation of harmful metals in excess may damage the human health. In ponds there are greater chances of heavy metals like Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, Fe etc. which are conveyed to ponds through drains. The quantitative monitoring of such heavy metals which render hardness to ponds water is essential. In the present dissertation periodic estimations of Varanasi city have been made and the utility results have been drawn their from. In the undertaken study sites the heavy metals except Ca were obtain in extremely trace amounts.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Bagi Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Rangka Penghematan Pengeluaran Melalui Pembuatan Sabun Cair Sederhana

The consumption pattern of housewives in several things has already changed. Recently, there are so many housewives are switching to use liquid soap for cleaning their kitchen utensils. This is due to the ease of use of product and the affordable price. Regarding to this community service activity which has aims to improve the skills and knowledge of housewives, especially in IKADANA groups at Srengseng, West Jakarta, through the production of simple liquid soap in order to make savings in household consumption expenditure. This activity is performed by using the survey and demonstration method. The result show almost all participants have understood the process of making simple liquid soap and so far they are interested to try further in their own home, where one of the benefits of making this liquid soap is to save household expenditure, especially the consumption of liquid soap. More addition, the housewives become open-minded and motivated to make their skills as a side business or home industry to improve their household economy.

Use of hand hygiene agents as a surrogate marker of compliance in Hungarian long-term care facilities: first nationwide survey

BackgroundHand hygiene practice is an important measure for preventing infections in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). However, low compliance with hand hygiene has been reported in a number of studies. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the first reference data collected on alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) and antiseptic soap consumption, as surrogate markers for hand hygiene compliance by healthcare workers (HCWs) in Hungarian LTCFs. The objective was to inform stakeholders on the need of hand hygiene improvement in these settings.MethodsBetween 5 May and 30 September 2014, we conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional survey using a standardized self-administered questionnaire; all Hungarian LTCFs were eligible. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for data analysis.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 354 LTCFs, representing 24 % of all Hungarian LTCFs. In total, the median consumption of ABHR and antimicrobial soap was 15.5 L (IQR, 0–800 L) and 60 L (IQR, 0–1,680 L) per LTCFs, and 2.2 mL (IQR, 0.4–9.1 mL) and 12.1 mL (IQR, 0.7–32.8 mL) per HCWs in 2013, respectively. The estimated number of hand hygiene actions was 0.6 hygienic handrub/HCW per day (IQR, 0–12.8/HCWs) and 2.4 hygienic handwashing/HCW per day (IQR, 0–21.9/HCWs; P = .001), respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests that non-compliance with hand hygiene is a significant problem in Hungarian LTCFs. Based on our results, there is an urgent need for a nationwide multimodal hand hygiene promotion strategy including education and performance monitoring and feedback in all LTCFs. Furthermore, monitoring of ABHR consumption constitute an additional component of the existing National Nosocomial Surveillance system.

Increase in hospital purchase of hand hygiene products: The importance of focusing on the right product

Alcohol-based handrub (AHR) consumption is positively correlated with increases in hand hygiene (HH) compliance. In our 2,000-bed hospital in India, multiple awareness drives have been conducted to promote HH. This study aimed to determine the quantitative effect of these campaigns on use of HH products (soap and AHR) in the hospital. Over the last 6 years, bar soap consumption has increased by 389.15%, whereas that of AHR increased by 146.7%. We also evaluated microbial contamination of 99bar soap and 60 liquid soap samples in our hospital for a year. Of the samples, 61 (61.6%) of the bar soaps and 2 (3.3%) of the liquid soaps were found to be contaminated with various organisms (P<.0002). To conclude, the focus should be to increase the right kind of HH product so that hospitals in developing countries procure liquid soaps instead of bar soaps for handwashing purposes.

Household-level risk factors for influenza among young children in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a case-control study.

To identify household-level factors associated with influenza among young children in a crowded community in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We conducted a case-control study using existing active surveillance for respiratory illness. Cases were children aged 12-59 months with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Controls were children frequency-matched by age group with no respiratory illness in the prior 6 months. We interviewed caregivers and observed household handwashing behaviour. Soap consumption was estimated by summing weight differences of three bars of soap sequentially left in each household. We measured concentrations of airborne particulate matter <2.5 μg in diameter (PM2.5) in a subset of households. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We enrolled 145 cases and 341 controls between March 2009 and April 2010. Case and control household members were observed to wash hands with similar frequency during a 5-h period (mean, 0.64 events vs. 0.63, P = 0.87), and similar daily soap consumption per capita (mean 2.92 grams vs. 2.93, P = 0.92). Case households were more likely than controls to have crowded (≥4 persons) sleeping areas (aOR = 1.67, CI: 1.06-2.63) and cross-ventilated cooking spaces (aOR = 1.75, CI: 1.16-2.63). Case and control households had similar median 24-h geometric mean PM2.5 concentrations in the cooking (69.2 vs. 69.6 μg/m(3), P = 0.45) and sleeping (65.4 vs. 67.4 μg/m(3), P = 0.19) spaces. Handwashing with soap was practiced infrequently and was not associated with paediatric influenza in this community. Interventions aimed at crowded households may reduce influenza incidence in young children.

An investigation of the effects of a hand washing intervention on health outcomes and school absence using a randomised trial in Indian urban communities

To evaluate how an intervention, which combined hand washing promotion aimed at 5-year-olds with provision of free soap, affected illnesses among the children and their families and children's school absenteeism. We monitored illnesses, including diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections (ARIs), school absences and soap consumption for 41 weeks in 70 low-income communities in Mumbai, India (35 communities per arm). Outcomes from 847 intervention households (containing 847 5-year-olds and 4863 subjects in total) and 833 control households (containing 833 5-year-olds and 4812 subjects) were modelled using negative binomial regression. Intervention group 5-year-olds had fewer episodes of diarrhoea (-25%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = -37%, -2%), ARIs (-15%, 95% CI = -30%, -8%), school absences due to illnesses (-27%, 95% CI = -41%, -18%) and eye infections (-46%, 95% CI = -58%, -31%). Further, there were fewer episodes of diarrhoea and ARIs in the intervention group for 'whole families' (-31%, 95% CI = -37%, -5%; and -14%, 95% CI = -23%, -6%, respectively), 6- to 15-year-olds (-30%, 95% CI = -39%, -7%; and -15%, 95% CI = -24%, -6%) and under 5 s (-32%, 95% CI = -41%, -4%; and -20%, 95% CI = -29%, -8%). Direct-contact hand washing interventions aimed at younger school-aged children can affect the health of the whole family. These may be scalable through public-private partnerships and classroom-based campaigns. Further work is required to understand the conditions under which health benefits are transferred and the mechanisms for transference.

Increasing Hand Washing Compliance With a Simple Visual Cue

We tested the efficacy of a simple, visual cue to increase hand washing with soap and water. Automated towel dispensers in 8 public bathrooms were set to present a towel either with or without activation by users. We set the 2 modes to operate alternately for 10 weeks. Wireless sensors were used to record entry into bathrooms. Towel and soap consumption rates were checked weekly. There were 97,351 hand-washing opportunities across all restrooms. Towel use was 22.6% higher (P=.05) and soap use was 13.3% higher (P=.003) when the dispenser presented the towel without user activation than when activation was required. Results showed that a visual cue can increase hand-washing compliance in public facilities.

P138: Soap and handrub consumption survey in Fann Teaching Hospital in Dakar

The prevention of Health care-associated infections (HAI) remains a stake in Public health. The hand is the main mode of transmission of microorganisms. So, hand hygiene is considered to be the primary measure necessary for reducing HAI.

Pica: An Important and Unrecognized Problem in Pediatric Dialysis Patients

Pica is the compulsive consumption of non-nutritive substances, and this disorder may occur more frequently in dialysis patients. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of pica and the associated demographic and metabolic characteristics. Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. Hospital-based, outpatient, pediatric hemodialysis unit. Eighty-seven pediatric patients on chronic dialysis therapy were interviewed. Sixty-seven patients were receiving hemodialysis, whereas the remaining 20 were maintained on peritoneal dialysis. The predominantly nonwhite (93%) patient population had a mean age of 17.2 ± 7.2 years. Dialysis efficiency, estimated by urea clearance per patient volume (Kt/V), averaged 1.5 ± 0.5. Standard patient interview and documentation of laboratory and dialytic parameters. Prevalence of pica and associated comorbid conditions. The survey indicated that 46% of patients experienced pica, further divided into simple "ice" pica (34.5%) versus "hard" pica (12.6%). Hard pica included the consumption of chalk, starch, sugar, soap, sand, clay, Ajax cleanser, sponge, wood, and potting soil. Patients on hemodialysis were 8.3 times more likely to have hard pica compared with those on peritoneal dialysis. Greater than 5 years on dialysis was associated with a 3.2 odds ratio of having pica (P = .02). Anemia was the most significant morbid association, occurring at an odds ratio of 4.4 (P = .001) for all pica and 10.6 (P = .004) for hard pica. Pica, therefore, is prevalent and potentially harmful, requiring further attention in the nutritional management of pediatric dialysis patients.

Hydro tropes as promoters in soap flotation

AbstractSoaps, the salts of fatty acids are generally used as collectors in the flotation process to separate salt type minerals. Some times light diesel oil is mixed with soaps and the emulsion is used as collector. Addition of detergents to soaps not only enhances the collector efficiency but also reduces the consumption of soap. Urea a known hydro trope is found to improve the flotation efficiency of soaps. Our current testing is indicating that other hydro tropes such as tri sodium citrate and sodium salicylate are also effective in improving the flotation efficiency of soap and also the soap-LDO emulsion.

Designing water supplies: Optimizing drinking water composition for maximum economic benefit

It is possible to optimize drinking water composition based on a valuation of the impacts of changed water quality. This paper introduces a method for assessing the potential for designing an optimum drinking water composition by the use of membrane desalination and remineralization. The method includes modeling of possible water quality blends and an evaluation of corrosion indices. Based on concentration-response relationships a range of impacts on public health, material lifetimes and consumption of soap have been valued for Perth, Western Australia and Copenhagen, Denmark. In addition to water quality aspects, costs of water production, fresh water abstraction and CO 2-emissions are integrated into a holistic economic assessment of the optimum share of desalinated water in water supplies. Results show that carefully designed desalination post-treatment can have net benefits up to €0.3 ± 0.2 per delivered m 3 for Perth and €0.4(±0.2) for Copenhagen. Costs of remineralization and green house gas emission mitigation are minor when compared to the potential benefits of an optimum water composition. Finally, a set of optimum water quality criteria is proposed for the guidance of water supply planning and management.

Multiple component patient safety intervention in English hospitals: controlled evaluation of second phase

Objective To independently evaluate the impact of the second phase of the Health Foundation’s Safer Patients Initiative (SPI2) on a range of patient safety measures.Design A controlled before and after...

Comparative Study of Jhamarkotra Soap Emulsion and Tall Oil Soap Emulsion as Flotation Collectors

Soaps of mixed fatty acid origin or soap-light diesel oil (LDO) emulsion are used as collectors in the froth flotation of salt type minerals (for example – apatite, fluorite, dolomite, etc.). Detergents are sometimes used along with soaps to reduce the consumption of soap and also to improve the process efficiency. In the present investigations effect of different reagent regimes on flotation of a siliceous phosphate ore was studied. Flotation tests were carried out using mixed fatty acid soap and tall oil. Both the reagents were used as emulsions with light diesel oil in the ratio of 1:1.2. Tests were also carried out with promoters (Alfa Olefin Sulfonate [AOS], Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate [LABS] and Urea) along with these reagents to evaluate the process efficiency. While AOS and LABS are detergents, urea is a polar non electrolyte reagent known to act as hydrotrope. It is noted that mixed fatty acid soap-LDO emulsion (SL emulsion) shows better process efficiency than tall oil-LDO emulsion (TL emulsion). The highest recoveries (>90%) were achieved when mixed fatty acid was used in conjunction with promoters. The experiments with promoters yielded higher recoveries rather than mixed fatty acid or tall oil used alone.