Smoking Cessation Interventions Research Articles

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Brief Interventions for Smoking Cessation Performed by Family Doctors

Background/Objectives: Tobacco smoking is the most important cause of chronic diseases and premature death worldwide. Very brief advice (VBA) and brief advice (BA) represent evidence-based interventions designed to increase quit attempts. These are appropriate for all smokers, regardless of their motivation to quit, and involve several steps regarding the assessment, advice, and action. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these brief interventions offered by general practitioners (GPs) in smoking cessation. Methods: A systematic search for articles that presented these interventions as an aid to support smoking cessation was conducted. The rate of successful smoking cessation was evaluated following interventions offered by general practitioners, regardless of the patients’ present motivation to quit. Results: We have checked if these interventions can be used as an innovative method to help active smokers make an informed decision regarding their behaviour. Assisted/supported/guided by a general practitioner, current cigarette smokers can decide to quit smoking and identify the best way of cessation. We processed relevant data where brief interventions were used as the main counselling method to aid smoking cessation, regardless of using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), heated tobacco products (HTPs), or vaping.

Functional Concurrent Regression Mixture Models Using Spiked Ewens-Pitman Attraction Priors.

Functional concurrent, or varying-coefficient, regression models are a form of functional data analysis methods in which functional covariates and outcomes are collected concurrently. Two active areas of research for this class of models are identifying influential functional covariates and clustering their relations across observations. In various applications, researchers have applied and developed methods to address these objectives separately. However, no approach currently performs both tasks simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a fully Bayesian functional concurrent regression mixture model that simultaneously performs functional variable selection and clustering for subject-specific trajectories. Our approach introduces a novel spiked Ewens-Pitman attraction prior that identifies and clusters subjects' trajectories marginally for each functional covariate while using similarities in subjects' auxiliary covariate patterns to inform clustering allocation. Using simulated data, we evaluate the clustering, variable selection, and parameter estimation performance of our approach and compare its performance with alternative spiked processes. We then apply our method to functional data collected in a novel, smartphone-based smoking cessation intervention study to investigate individual-level dynamic relations between smoking behaviors and potential risk factors.

Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in preventing cardiovascular disease in Nigeria: A review

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a critical public health issue worldwide, with Nigeria experiencing a marked increase in prevalence due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and socioeconomic factors. Lack of sufficient exercise and increased consumption of fatty foods, salty, and processed foods are causal factors of the risk factors associated with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Consequently, this review assesses the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in dietary modifications, exercising, smoking cessation, and stress reduction on these factors among the Nigerian populace. Clinical studies support that communicating specific dietary measures together with the DASH modified for Nigerian foods and moderate aerobic exercise duration decreases blood pressure and cholesterol levels by dropping 12-15mm Hg and LDL cholesterol by 20mg/dL-Anticipated empirical analysis results show the significance of smoking cessation and stress management on CVD intervention. For instance, nicotine replacement therapy accompanied by behavioural counselling produced a 30% abstinence rate among the participants, and MBSR stress reduction programmes reduced the participants' blood pressure by 10 %. It also reflects the fact that cultural orientation to preventive measures needs to be culturally appropriate for the Nigerian setting, given that socioeconomic factors perpetuate risks. The findings of statistical studies in this review are presented regarding the changes in CVD indicators, which are valuable for forming subsequent public health policies. Because the burden of CVD is increasing in Nigeria and most low and middle-income countries, the use of lifestyle approaches to address risk factors is a good strategy. However, success is determined by countering systemic barriers such as poorly preventing or treating diseases and having a favourable perception of traditional diets. Within these developments, this article seeks to advance the implementation of these efficacious interventions into the Nigerian context, but with ideas for improving its accessibility, cost and receptiveness to accept these innovative practises in the country's health care system.

An example of cytisine overdose with no consequent side-effects: a case report

BackgroundCytisine is an alkaloid that is molecularly similar to nicotine and it is commonly used to treat smoking cessation. While it is considered a reasonably safe treatment option, cytisine intoxication in humans exhibits several adverse effects. These involve the gastrointestinal system (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), the central nervous system (drowsiness, fatigue, delirium), and the motor system (muscle twitching and fasciculation, difficulties in walking).Case presentationWe present a unique case report in which a Caucasian patient (an Italian 64-year-old woman) who was undergoing smoking cessation treatment with cytisine, and due to her misunderstanding of the therapeutic indications provided, took twice the recommended dose every day for 8 days, leading to an intake of 54 mg/dl of cytisine for 3 consecutive days. Notwithstanding the high dosage, the patient did not report any adverse reactions.ConclusionThis confirms the safety of the drug, even at high doses, in patients aiming to quit smoking.

Impact of the intensified follow-up procedure of patients lost to 6-month follow-up after an intensive smoking and nicotine cessation intervention in practice: a cohort study

BackgroundPost-intervention follow-up is challenging in research and practice. In tobacco reports, patients with missing follow-up were considered smokers. Based on patient and staff preferences, an add-on intensified follow-up procedure after...

Perspectives of Malaysian community pharmacists on challenges and barriers to smoking cessation programme: a qualitative study.

Smoking remains a significant public health concern, necessitating effective smoking cessation interventions. This study explores the barriers community pharmacists face in delivering smoking cessation services in Malaysia and potential solutions to improve their contribution to public health. This qualitative study employed purposive and snowball sampling to recruit community pharmacists in Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, exploring pharmacists' perspectives on barriers, counselling approaches, follow-up strategies, and opinions on smoking cessation services. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes and sub-themes. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: barriers, counselling and enhancing follow-up, and pharmacists' opinions on professional fees. Under the theme of barriers, sub-themes included underutilization by the public, poor follow-up by customers, time constraints, lack of educational materials and support, and customer perception. The counselling and enhancing follow-up theme encompassed shared decision-making, motivational intervention, follow-up via phone calls or messaging apps, and providing rebate vouchers. Pharmacists' opinions on professional fees revealed mixed perspectives, with some advocating for fees to recognize the professional service provided, while others expressed concerns about access barriers. Community pharmacists face challenges in delivering smoking cessation services, such as underutilization, poor follow-up, time constraints, and affordability. However, strategies like shared decision-making and proactive communication can enhance effectiveness. Addressing professional fees and collaborative efforts are essential to optimising these services.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multicomponent Smoking Cessation Intervention for Adults with Serious Mental Illness.

Background: Combined behavioral- and pharmacological-based tobacco cessation interventions are effective for adults with serious mental illness; yet, they continue to smoke at alarming rates. Materials and Methods: A pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial of the program consisted of 50 minutes of game-based groups 3×/week, for 12 weeks alongside counseling and pharmacotherapy. The intervention group engaged in game-based group physical activity (PA), while the control group engaged in sedentary games. Results: Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the primary aims. Mean number of cigarettes smoked per week (cig/wk) for the sample (n = 48) at enrollment was 56.3 cigarettes. The linear change was significant at 2.9 fewer cig/wk. The average psychiatric symptom score at enrollment for the PA group was 41.5 points with a significant predicted linear decrease in scores. Conclusion: Both study groups showed a significant reduction in cig/wk. The combination of counseling and pharmacotherapy offered in groups may have aided with cessation and cigarette reduction while also providing a benefit to mental health.

Associations of sociodemographic and smoking characteristics with intention to quit among Chinese adults aged 20–69 years who smoke: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018–19

ObjectiveTo identify factors influencing the intention to quit (ItQ) among Chinese who smoke, focusing on 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) Nicotine dependence. Additionally, to estimate the number of individuals with ItQ, supporting optimal allocation of cessation resources. MethodsThis study used data from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study with 20,288 participants who smoke currently aged 20–69 years. The ItQ proportions were estimated overall and by subgroup. Logistic regression was employed to estimate ORs and 95 % CIs for ItQ. The number of people who smoke with ItQ was estimated based on the census data. ResultsIn China, 41.34 % of individuals who smoke had ItQ, higher in females (44.89 %) than males (41.34 %). Provincial proportions ranged from 23.53 % to 63.56 %. ItQ was significantly associated with smoking characteristics, including occasional smoking (OR = 2.08, 95 % CI = 1.88–2.20), fewer pack-years (OR = 0.70, 95 % CI = 0.68–0.73), older smoking initiation age (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.18–1.27), and ICD-10 Nicotine dependence (OR = 1.12, 95 % CI = 1.06–1.19), as well as age, sex, socioeconomic factors, and health status. Withdrawal symptoms were positively associated with ItQ in individuals who smoke without ICD-10 Nicotine dependence but negatively in those with ICD-10 Nicotine dependence. An estimated 100.3 million adults aged 20–69 in China have ItQ, with 52.14 million suffering from ICD-10 Nicotine dependence. ConclusionsThe intention to quit smoking among Chinese who smoke is low and varies by ICD-10 Nicotine dependence and region, underscoring the need for targeted smoking cessation interventions across diverse smoking populations.

Exploring Cognitive and Behavioral Changes Related to Smoking Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives: This study aims to determine smoking patterns, prevalence, and associated factors among medical students in Jeddah, focusing on experimentation, daily smoking, cessation efforts, awareness of health risks, and attitudes toward quitting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from September to November 2023. It involved 213 medical students, from the second to sixth year, enrolled in various universities. Data collection utilized a comprehensive questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization’s questionnaire and enhanced with additional relevant items by the researchers. The questionnaire, comprising eight sections, was administered online over a three-month period. Results: About 30.8% reported ever smoking, with 21.6% currently smoking. Among ever-smokers, 43.1% began smoking during college, mostly in the second year. Stress, exploration, and peer influence were frequent reasons for initiating smoking during college years. About 32.3% never considered quitting, while 67.7% thought about it. Regarding quit attempts, 53.8% attempted seriously, and 5.3% quit in the last year. Protective factors against smoking included health concerns and setting a good example. Most participants recognized smoking-related health hazards, with strong consensus on the effectiveness of anti-smoking measures. Notably, many participants expressed proactive attitudes toward smoking cessation interventions. Conclusions: Smoking is prevalent among Saudi medical students, often starting in college due to stress, new experiences, and peer influence. Many consider quitting, probably supported by the educational environment and a sense of responsibility toward personal and public health. Strengthened educational frameworks, including stress management training, are crucial for fostering a health-focused professional identity.

Using machine learning to extract information and predict outcomes from reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions in the Human Behaviour-Change Project

Background Using reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions as a test case, this study aimed to develop and evaluate machine learning (ML) algorithms for extracting information from study reports and predicting outcomes as part of the Human Behaviour-Change Project. It is the first of two linked papers, with the second paper reporting on further development of a prediction system. Methods Researchers manually annotated 70 items of information (‘entities’) in 512 reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions covering intervention content and delivery, population, setting, outcome and study methodology using the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology. These entities were used to train ML algorithms to extract the information automatically. The information extraction ML algorithm involved a named-entity recognition system using the ‘FLAIR’ framework. The manually annotated intervention, population, setting and study entities were used to develop a deep-learning algorithm using multiple layers of long-short-term-memory (LSTM) components to predict smoking cessation outcomes. Results The F1 evaluation score, derived from the false positive and false negative rates (range 0–1), for the information extraction algorithm averaged 0.42 across different types of entity (SD=0.22, range 0.05–0.88) compared with an average human annotator’s score of 0.75 (SD=0.15, range 0.38–1.00). The algorithm for assigning entities to study arms (e.g., intervention or control) was not successful. This initial ML outcome prediction algorithm did not outperform prediction based just on the mean outcome value or a linear regression model. Conclusions While some success was achieved in using ML to extract information from reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions, we identified major challenges that could be addressed by greater standardisation in the way that studies are reported. Outcome prediction from smoking cessation studies may benefit from development of novel algorithms, e.g., using ontological information to inform ML (as reported in the linked paper 1 ).

Contingency management for monosubstance use disorders: Systematic review and assessment of predicted versus obtained effects.

Contingency management (CM) is notably successful as a substance use disorder treatment and is most effective when targeting monosubstance use. Evidence suggests the effects of CM exceed predictions based on the value of the incentives delivered for monosubstance abstinence. In this systematic review, we examine common variations of CM interventions applied to a single substance to determine what factors may contribute to the larger effect. Our results show that CM produced moderate to large effect sizes when single drugs were targeted, with stable effects over time. We also found that interventions targeting cocaine abstinence overwhelmingly outperformed their predicted effect, whereas interventions for smoking cessation did not. Thus, incentives alone may not account for the success of CM, at least when applied to stimulant use disorder. We propose other potential sources of the effect including social reinforcement and the specific parameters of the reinforcement schedule.

Effectiveness of the Offer of the Smoke Free Smartphone App Compared With No Intervention for Smoking Cessation: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Digital technologies offer the potential for low-cost, scalable delivery of interventions to promote smoking cessation. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the offer of Smoke Free-an evidence-informed, widely used app-for smoking cessation versus no support. In this 2-arm randomized controlled trial, 3143 motivated adult smokers were recruited online between August 2020 and April 2021 and randomized to receive an offer of the Smoke Free app plus follow-up (intervention arm) versus follow-up only (comparator arm). Both groups were shown a brief message at the end of the baseline questionnaire encouraging them to make a quit attempt. The primary outcome was self-reported 6-month continuous abstinence assessed 7 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes included quit attempts in the first month post randomization, 3-month continuous abstinence assessed at 4 months, and 6-month continuous abstinence at 7 months among those who made a quit attempt. The primary analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis basis. Sensitivity analyses included (1) restricting the intervention group to those who took up the offer of the app, (2) using complete cases, and (3) using multiple imputation. The effective follow-up rate for 7 months was 41.9%. The primary analysis showed no evidence of a benefit of the intervention on rates of 6-month continuous abstinence (intervention 6.8% vs comparator 7.0%; relative risk 0.97, 95% CI 0.75-1.26). Analyses of all secondary outcomes also showed no evidence of a benefit. Similar results were observed on complete cases and using multiple imputation. When the intervention group was restricted to those who took up the offer of the app (n=395, 25.3%), participants in the intervention group were 80% more likely to report 6-month continuous abstinence (12.7% vs 7.0%; relative risk 1.80, 95% CI 1.30-2.45). Equivalent subgroup analyses produced similar results on the secondary outcomes. These differences persisted after adjustment for key baseline characteristics. Among motivated smokers provided with very brief advice to quit, the offer of the Smoke Free app did not have a detectable benefit for cessation compared with follow-up only. However, the app increased quit rates when smokers randomized to receive the app downloaded it. ISRCTN ISRCTN85785540; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN85785540. RR2-https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14652.

Prevalence and characteristics of smokers interested in using virtual reality for encouraging smoking cessation: a representative population survey in Great Britain

BackgroundCigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity in the world. Virtual reality (VR) has been used to encourage and support quit attempts. However, interest in VR may differ according to sociodemographic characteristics. This study aimed to estimate the proportion and associated characteristics of smokers in Great Britain who were interested in using VR for smoking cessation.MethodsData were collected from 6,858 adults between February to April 2023, from the Smoking Toolkit Study—a monthly, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of adults in Great Britain. Of these, 873 were smokers (unweighted). Prevalence of interest was assessed descriptively and associations between interest and sociodemographic and smoking characteristics were analysed with weighted logistic regression models.ResultsOf 905 (weighted) smokers, 34.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI):31.0%-38.5%) were interested in using VR for smoking cessation. Smokers had greater odds of reporting interest in VR for smoking cessation who were: highly motivated to quit (Odds Ratio (OR):2.41, 95% CI:1.59–3.65), had made a quit attempt in the past year (OR:1.95, 95% CI:1.37–2.77), currently trying to cut down (OR:1.90, 95% CI:1.34–2.67) and interested in VR generally (OR:10.42, 95% CI:6.97–15.57). Those ≥ 65 years old (OR:0.29, 95% CI:0.15–0.57) and women (OR:0.69, 95% CI:0.49–0.97) were less likely to report interest.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that up to a third of adult smokers may be interested in using VR to support a quit attempt. However, the potential reach of a VR smoking cessation intervention may be lower in certain subgroups such as women, adults 65 years or older, and adults less motivated to quit. From a health equity perspective, it is recommended that non-digital but effective interventions should be made readily available for adults at risk of digital exclusion due to lack of interest. However, as VR grows in popularity and its technological potential becomes fully realised, future research could also focus on strategies to reduce digital exclusion and increase interest. For example, by involving these subgroups in co-design activities and using novel dissemination strategies.

Smoking cessation and prognosis during long-term follow-up after stroke, TIA, and acute coronary syndrome-results from the randomized controlled NAILED trial.

About 50% of patients continue to smoke after stroke and myocardial infarction. We aimed to assess the effect of a multiple risk factor intervention on long-term smoking cessation and to explore a possible association between early smoking cessation and long-term prognosis. Consecutive patients with stroke/TIA/acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at Östersund Hospital during 2010-2014 were included, randomized to intervention or usual care (1:1), and followed through 2017. This substudy included participants that reported current smoking during hospitalization and were alive at 1 month post discharge when the intervention began (n = 321). The smoking cessation intervention was part of a telephone-based, multiple risk factor intervention delivered by a nurse and consisted of brief advice delivered annually. Smoking cessation at the last follow-up was analyzed as the primary outcome. Smoking cessation at other time points and association between early smoking cessation and prognosis (CV events, survival) were secondary outcomes. After a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, 171 participants reported nonsmoking, with no significant difference between the intervention and control group (50.3% vs. 56.3%, absolute difference 5.9%, 95% CI -5.0 to 16.7, p = 0.286). Of these, 80.7% had stopped smoking within 1 month after discharge. The intervention did not improve smoking cessation proportions in the long or short term, and there was no apparent effect on smoking cessation attempts or sustained abstinence. Smoking cessation within 1 month was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32-0.87), and there was a nonsignificant trend towards a lower incidence of CV events (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.45-1.12). Annual brief advice by a nurse as part of a multiple risk factor follow-up did not improve long-term smoking cessation after stroke/TIA/ACS. Continued smoking past 1 month was associated with worse prognosis. ISRCTN registry ISRCTN96595458, ISRCTN23868518, ISRCTN30433343.

Identifying pragmatic solutions to reduce cigarette smoking prevalence in Indigenous North Americans: A sequential exploratory mixed-methods study protocol.

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking of any race or ethnicity in the United States. Efforts to address smoking prevalence in this population have not historically targeted maintenance of smoking cessation, or behaviors associated with pregnancy. Recent longitudinal cohort studies have identified maintenance of cessation and pregnancy as potential opportunities to address smoking in AI/AN people. To promote success in achieving sustained smoking cessation in AI/AN people, we propose a community engaged sequential exploratory mixed-methods study focused on identifying pragmatic elements of cessation interventions. A discovery sample of 45 AI/AN people will be included in the qualitative study in one of two arms consisting of small groups or one-on-one interviews to develop elements of cessation interventions for evaluation in a discrete choice experiment survey. These one-on-one interviews will characterize the key drivers of smoking relapse and unique experiences of smoking during pregnancy. An additional, independent small group will consist of counselors who engage in smoking cessation counseling. A larger-scale survey will be administered to an AI/AN cohort from Olmsted County, Minnesota (n = 898). Elements of successful interventions will be used to inform a smoking cessation intervention pilot study. Community stakeholders have informed the methods outlined in this protocol, and there is a longitudinal engagement plan for the duration of study. We outline the methods to understand optimal strategies to promote sustained cigarette smoking cessation and cessation during pregnancy in AI/AN people. This study is critical to inform a pilot intervention aimed at reducing smoking prevalence in AI/AN people.

The Context of the Emergency Department as a Location for a Smoking Cessation Intervention-Process Evaluation Findings From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department Trial.

Hospital emergency departments (ED) offer an opportunity to engage with large numbers of people who smoke to prompt cessation, although the acceptability of opportunistic intervention in this context has been questioned. This process evaluation study was embedded into the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED) randomized controlled trial and sought to explore the context of intervention delivery within the ED. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants and staff across six EDs participating in the COSTED randomized controlled trial. Interview data were thematically analyzed specifically exploring contextual influences. Data were triangulated with ethnographic observations. In participant interviews (N = 34), it was acceptable overall to receive a brief opportunistic smoking cessation intervention in the ED. Contextual factors are impacted at a range of levels. At the micro level participant views and experiences combined with staff tailoring were important. Being given an e-cigarette starter kit by a "credible source" helped to legitimize vaping for smoking cessation and gave confidence in personal ability to switch away from tobacco. At the meso level, adaptations to intervention delivery were made in response to the context of the ED. Stop smoking advisors (N = 11) had to adapt and deliver the intervention flexibly depending on space and clinical need. At the macro level, hospital policies supportive of vaping legitimized the approach. Smoking cessation outcomes reported in the main trial across sites were very similar because of the high credibility, acceptability, and flexible approach to delivering the COSTED intervention in the ED. Attending a hospital ED is the right time and place to receive smoking cessation intervention, even for those not motivated to quit. People are willing to receive intervention, and clinical staff are willing to support intervention delivery. Despite challenges, overall the context is helpful in supporting people to switch away from tobacco. The intervention, with flexible and tailored implementation, is adaptable to different ED contexts. This suggests that wider implementation across NHS Trusts of the effective COSTED intervention is feasible and will ultimately support smoking cessation for people attending EDs, who may not otherwise have sought support.

Exposure to Bupropion-SR vs. Placebo is associated with reductions in smoking among persons receiving methadone with no stated interest in smoking cessation

Smoking is prevalent among individuals receiving methadone treatment. Reducing smoking among this population is needed as smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and preventable death. Smoking cessation interventions for persons receiving medication for opioid use disorder have yielded small changes in abstinence. Bupropion-SR was developed as an anti-depressant medication and is a first-line medication for smoking cessation. There is limited research on the effectiveness of bupropion-SR on smoking cessation among individuals receiving medication for opioid use disorder. This study is a secondary analysis of N = 72 adults enrolled in methadone treatment who endorsed smoking cigarettes. Participants were randomized to receive bupropion-SR 150 mg twice-daily (n = 35) or placebo (n = 37) in the primary study that examined bupropion-SR on cocaine use outcomes over a 30-weeks. Mixed model analyses examined secondary changes in self-reported cigarettes smoked, a self-reported measure of nicotine dependence, and quantitative urinary cotinine values. The longitudinal analysis of self-reported daily cigarettes identified no main effects of group and week however a significant interaction between group and week revealed that persons receiving bupropion-SR group reported less smoking early in the intervention. Longitudinal evaluation of changes in urinary cotinine revealed a significant main effect of week but no main effect of group or group x week interaction. Data suggest that bupropion-SR significantly decreased the number of self-reported cigarettes smoked relative to placebo and reduced nicotine dependence severity by the end of the study. Follow-up studies are needed as these decreases were not identified throughout the full study period or at termination.

The role of nurses in smoking cessation interventions for patients: a scoping review

BackgroundSmoking is a significant global public health concern, presenting substantial risks to individuals' health. Smoking cessation is essential for improving patients' well-being, and nurses play a critical role in assisting patients to quit smoking. However, there is a lack of research on nurses' specialized roles in smoking cessation interventions for patients.ObjectiveTo define the specific responsibilities of nurses in facilitating smoking cessation among patients, and provide guidance for future nursing interventions in smoking cessation.MethodsThe scoping review process was conducted for Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Based on the three-step search strategy of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), a comprehensive search was performed across ten databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, OVID, PsycINFO, CNKI, Wan Fang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, covering studies from the inception of the databases to February 2024. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed using the JBI (participants, content, and context) principle. Randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies with nurse-led or involved smoking cessation interventions for patients were included. Data extraction was conducted independently by two reviewers. The findings were reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).ResultsIn total, 53 studies were eligible for the final charting and synthesis. The analysis identified six key roles that nurses played in smoking cessation interventions: assessors, educators, practice facilitators, coordinating collaborators, organizers, and supervisors. Among these, the roles of assessors, educators, and practice facilitators were the most commonly reported. The motivation interview and 5A method were the predominant techniques employed for smoking cessation. Nurses primarily promoted smoking cessation through the distribution of pamphlets, face-to-face education, and the provision of smoking cessation guidance. The primary participants in these studies were patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ConclusionsNurses play an indispensable role in smoking cessation interventions, occupying multiple critical roles. However, this review identified a gap in the pre-intervention training of nurses, indicating a need for enhanced training programs to better prepare nurses for effective smoking cessation interventions.

Personalized and adaptive interventions for smoking cessation: Emerging trends and determinants of efficacy

Personalized and adaptive interventions for smoking cessation: Emerging trends and determinants of efficacy

A feature-based qualitative assessment of smoking cessation mobile applications.

Understanding users' acceptance of smoking cessation interventions features is a precursor to mobile cessation apps' uptake and use. We gauged perceptions of three features of smoking cessation mobile interventions (self-monitoring, tailored feedback and support, educational content) and their design in two smoking cessation apps, Quit Journey and QuitGuide, among young adults with low socioeconomic status (SES) who smoke. A convenience sample of 38 current cigarette smokers 18-29-years-old who wanted to quit and were non-college-educated nor currently enrolled in a four-year college participated in 12 semi-structured virtual focus group discussions on GoTo Meeting. Discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using the second Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) constructs (i.e., performance and effort expectancies, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, social influence), sentiment (i.e., positive, neutral, negative), and app features following a deductive thematic analysis approach. Participants (52.63% female, 42.10% non-Hispanic White) expressed positive sentiment toward self-monitoring (73.02%), tailored feedback and support (70.53%) and educational content (64.58%). Across both apps, performance expectancy was the dominant theme discussed in relation to feature acceptance (47.43%). Features' perceived usefulness centered on the reliability of apps in tracking smoking triggers over time, accommodating within- and between-person differences, and availability of on-demand cessation-related information. Skepticism about features' usefulness included the possibility of unintended consequences of self-monitoring, burden associated with user-input and effectiveness of tailored support given the unpredictable timing of cravings, and repetitiveness of cessation information. All features were perceived as easy to use. Other technology acceptance themes (e.g., social influence) were minimally discussed. Acceptance of features common to smoking cessation mobile applications among low socioeconomic young adult smokers was owed primarily to their perceived usefulness and ease of use. To increase user acceptance, developers should maximize integration within app features and across other apps and mobile devices.