Smoking Cessation In Young Adults Research Articles

How do educational disparities in smoking develop during early life? A Swedish longitudinal study

Smoking contributes to health inequalities, but how social inequalities in smoking develop in early life remains unclear. This study examines how measures of education attained over the early life course (representing socioeconomic position of origin, socioeconomic position of destination, and in-between) contribute to smoking behavior in a Swedish longitudinal sample. We used data obtained from the Swedish Level-of-Living Surveys in addition to national register data. Young adults (aged 20–28, n = 749) self-reported their educational attainment and smoking behavior (initiation and cessation) in 2010. Ten years earlier, their parents self-reported their own education and smoking behavior. We used linked register data on school performance in adolescence (in grade 9). Logistic regression models showed that lower parental education, lower adolescent school performance, and low young adult educational attainment were respectively associated with young adult smoking initiation. The association between parental education and young adult smoking initiation was explained by adolescent school performance and not parental smoking. Young adult smoking cessation was associated with high parental education and high adolescent school performance (marks in the top quartile), but only school performance remained significant in the final model, which included all measures of education and parental smoking. Results suggest that school performance in adolescence (which connects adolescents’ socioeconomic position of origin with their destination) may play an important role in how educational disparities in smoking form over the life course.

An Avatar-Led Intervention Promotes Smoking Cessation in Young Adults: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Smoking remains a global concern, especially for young adults. There is a dearth of smoking cessation programs for this population, who seldom seek help or are motivated to quit. This pilot study assessed the effectiveness of a digital avatar-led Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) smoking cessation program (Flexiquit) for young adult smokers at all levels of motivation to quit. Smokers with no particular interest in quitting smoking (65.45% reported being in pre-contemplation or contemplation stages of change) were recruited from three universities (105 smoking ≥ 1 cigarette per day during the past 30 days, 68 females). Those who completed questionnaires online (N = 84; M = 22.44 years, SD = 2.61, range 18-28 years old) were randomized to either a six-session avatar-led intervention (Flexiquit; N = 49) or a wait-list control (N = 35). Primary outcomes included cessation status (7-day point prevalence) and number of cigarettes smoked per day; secondary outcomes were nicotine dependence, intention-to-quit smoking and self-efficacy, assessed at pre- and post-intervention, and only for Flexiquit at 6-month follow-up. In intention-to-treat analysis more participants (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 0.92-10.41) in the treatment group (28.57%) versus the control group (11.43%) reported quitting smoking; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = .067). There were statistically significant decreases in average number of cigarettes, nicotine dependence and increases in self-efficacy, and intention-to-quit smoking compared to controls. Treatment gains in the Flexiquit group were maintained through the 6-month follow-up. An avatar-led digitized smoking cessation intervention based on ACT could increase the odds of quitting smoking. Findings suggest that a digitized program designed to engage young adults in smoking cessation may result in quitting smoking and has a high applicability potential especially among the hard-to-reach population of young adults. Can an avatar-led digitized Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) smoking cessation intervention result in quitting smoking and increasing intention to quit among young smokers at various levels of motivation to quit, compared to a wait-list control group? In this pilot randomized clinical trial that included 84 smokers, 28.57% in the treatment condition versus 11.43% in the wait-list control group were abstinent at post (intention-to-treat [ITT] analysis). An avatar-led digitized ACT smoking cessation intervention results in high quitting smoking rates and has a high applicability potential especially among the hard-to-reach population of young adult smokers.

Is early diagnosis of chronic obstructive airway disease using spirometry in asymptomatic smokers an effect tool for smoking cessation in the Indian population? A study from Central India

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in smokers worldwide. A chronic smoker remains asymptomatic for a long time with underlying deteriorating lung function which manifests in later life as COPD. Although there is no screening for the disease, a spirometric evaluation of chronic smokers to detect the early asymptomatic disease and counseling for smoking cessation may slow down further progression of disease. India has a large population of smokers including a sizable number in the defense forces who need to be fighting fit at all times. The data with this regard from Indian scenario are scanty. The present study was carried out with an aim to detect early COPD in chronic smokers and further counsel these individuals to abstain from smoking. This cross-sectional study was done in Air Force Hospital Gorakhpur, India, from August 2014, and 2974 individuals were evaluated and followed. Methods: The individuals were standardized on the basis of personal history including age, number of cigarettes smoking per day, and duration of smoking. The diagnosis of COPD in such individuals was based on the spirometric evaluation which included forced expiratory volume in one sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC which were measured at rest and postbronchodilators. The individuals were diagnosed as COPD as per GOLD criteria (Gr C) and nonCOPD (Gr N). Both groups were followed up for 1 year with motivational counseling to stop smoking and spirometry repeated in those who quit smoking completely or partially. Results: COPD was observed in 187 (18.7%) asymptomatic smokers and among these 1.8% having severe COPD. 26% of these patients completely abstained from smoking after diagnosis and counseling and these patients had the least drop in FEV1 after 1 year as compared to partial and nonquitters of smoking. Conclusion: Spirometer for early diagnosis of COPD in asymptomatic nonsmoker is an effective tool. The detection of COPD early paves a way for effective counseling in pursuit for smoking cessation in young adults.

The impact of content, frame and social identity on the effectiveness of smoking cessation messages in urban young adults

The current study examined the impact of health versus economic content, as well as gain versus loss frame, in smoking cessation intervention messages on intention, motivation, and planning to quit smoking. Gender, race, Socioeconomic Status (SES), nicotine dependence, and smoker identity variables were investigated as moderators of the relationship between message content and outcomes. Self-identified smokers were randomly assigned to read a gain or loss framed message with economic or health content. Intention, motivation, and planning to quit smoking were measured before and after message exposure. Results showed average gains in intention, motivation, and planning to quit smoking, regardless of message received. However, change in motivation and intention was greater for participants exposed to the economic message. There were no effects of message frame. Years of smoking and race moderated the effects of message content on intention and motivation. Implications for developing tailored messages for smoking cessation in young adults are discussed.

Factors Related to Smoking Status Among Young Adults: An Analysis of Younger and Older Young Adults in Korea.

ObjectivesYoung adulthood represents a critical developmental period during which the use of tobacco may begin or cease. Furthermore, differences in smoking behaviors between younger (aged 18-24 years) and older (aged 25-34 years) young adults may exist. This study aimed to characterize patterns related to current smoking in younger and older young adults.MethodsThis study used data acquired from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2014. A total of 2069 subjects were categorized as younger (712 subjects) and older (1357 subjects) young adults. The chi-square test was used to assess the relationships between smoking status and socio-demographic, health-related, and smoking-related factors. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the factors affecting current smoking in these age groups.ResultsThe current smoking prevalence was 18.3% among the younger young adults and 26.0% among the older young adults. Sex, education level, occupation, perceived health status, alcohol consumption, and electronic cigarette use were related to current smoking in both age groups. Secondhand smoke exposure at home and stress levels showed significant relationships with smoking in younger and older young adults, respectively.ConclusionsStrong correlations were found between the observed variables and smoking behaviors among young adults. Determining the factors affecting smoking and designing interventions based on these factors are essential for smoking cessation in young adults.

Is Smoking Cessation in Young Adults Associated With Tobacco Retailer Availability in Their Activity Space?

The presence of tobacco retailers in residential neighborhoods has been inversely associated with residents' likelihood of quitting smoking. Few studies have yet explored whether this association holds when accounting for tobacco retailers found in the multiple environments where people conduct their daily activities, that is, their activity space. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 921 young adults (18- to 25-years old) participating in the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking (Montreal, Canada). Respondents self-reported sociodemographic, smoking, and activity location data. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between smoking cessation and (1) the number of tobacco retailers (counts), and (2) the distance to the closest retailer (proximity) in participants' residential neighborhood and activity space. Smoking cessation was positively associated with low and intermediate tertile levels of tobacco retailer counts in both the residential neighborhood and activity space, and with the furthest distance level in the activity space [PR (95% CI) = 1.21 (1.02 to 1.43)]. Individuals encounter resources in the course of their regular daily activities that may hamper smoking cessation. This study highlights the relevance of considering the tobacco retail environment of both individuals' residential neighborhood and activity space to understand its association with smoking cessation. This article contributes to the literature on the association between the tobacco retail environment and smoking cessation in young adults by moving beyond the residential neighborhood to also assess individuals' access to tobacco retailers in the multiple areas where they regularly spend time, that is, their activity space. Findings suggest that lower numbers of tobacco retailers in both the residential neighborhood and activity space, and further distance to tobacco retailers in the activity space are associated with increased smoking cessation.

Effect of a Digital Social Media Campaign on Young Adult Smoking Cessation.

Social media (SM) may extend the reach and impact for smoking cessation among young adult smokers. To-date, little research targeting young adults has been done on the use of SM to promote quitting smoking. We assessed the effect of an innovative multicomponent web-based and SM approach known as Break-it-Off (BIO) on young adult smoking cessation. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with baseline and 3-month follow-up data from 19 to 29-year old smokers exposed to BIO (n = 102 at follow-up) and a comparison group of Smokers' Helpline (SHL) users (n = 136 at follow-up). Logistic regression analysis assessed differences between groups on self-reported 7-day and 30-day point prevalence cessation rates, adjusting for ethnicity, education level, and cigarette use (daily or occasional) at baseline. The campaign reached 37 325 unique visitors with a total of 44 172 visits. BIO users had significantly higher 7-day and 30-day quit rates compared with users of SHL. At 3-month follow-up, BIO participants (32.4%) were more likely than SHL participants (14%) to have quit smoking for 30 days (odds ratio = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.56 to 5.57, P < .001) and BIO participants (91%) were more likely than SHL participants (79%) to have made a quit attempt (odds ratio = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.03 to 6.99, P = .04). The reach of the campaign and findings on quitting success indicate that a digital/SM platform can complement the traditional SHL cessation service for young adult smokers seeking help to quit.

What distinguishes successful from unsuccessful tobacco smoking cessation? Data from a study of young adults (TEMPO).

IntroductionSmoking prevalence rates among young people are high in many countries. Although attempts to quit smoking increasingly occur in young adulthood, many former smokers relapse. We compared individuals who successfully quit smoking from those who relapsed on socio-demographic, psychological and health factors.MethodsData come from telephone interviews conducted in 2011 with participants of the TEMPO community-based study (ages 18–37 years, France). To study the likelihood of successful cessation vs. smoking relapse, we restricted the study sample to current or former smokers (n = 600) and conducted multinomial logistic regression analyses.Results43% of participants were current smokers who never quit for an extended period and, 33% former smokers and 24% current smokers who relapsed after extended cessation. In multivariate analyses female sex, parental status and illegal drug use were associated with both successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation. Factors specifically associated with a low probability of smoking cessation were job strain and symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, while occupational grade was associated with smoking relapse.ConclusionsWork and family circumstances, co-occurring substance use and psychological difficulties may influence smoking cessation in young adults. These characteristics should be considered by individual and collective interventions aiming to help young smokers quit successfully.

The role of Facebook in Crush the Crave, a mobile- and social media-based smoking cessation intervention: qualitative framework analysis of posts.

BackgroundSocial networking sites, particularly Facebook, are increasingly included in contemporary smoking cessation interventions directed toward young adults. Little is known about the role of Facebook in smoking cessation interventions directed toward this age demographic.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize the content of posts on the Facebook page of Crush the Crave, an evidence-informed smoking cessation intervention directed toward young adults aged 19 to 29 years.MethodsCrush the Crave Facebook posts between October 10, 2012 and June 12, 2013 were collected for analysis, representing page activity during the pilot phase of Crush the Crave. Of the 399 posts included for analysis, 121 were original posts, whereas the remaining 278 were reply posts. Posts were coded according to themes using framework analysis.ResultsWe found that the original Crush the Crave Facebook posts served two main purposes: to support smoking cessation and to market Crush the Crave. Most of the original posts (86/121, 71.1%) conveyed support of smoking cessation through the following 7 subthemes: encouraging cessation, group stimulation, management of cravings, promoting social support, denormalizing smoking, providing health information, and exposing tobacco industry tactics. The remaining original posts (35/121, 28.9%) aimed to market Crush the Crave through 2 subthemes: Crush the Crave promotion and iPhone 5 contest promotion. Most of the reply posts (214/278, 77.0%) were in response to the supporting smoking cessation posts and the remaining 64 (23.0%) were in response to the marketing Crush the Crave posts. The most common response to both the supporting smoking cessation and marketing Crush the Crave posts was user engagement with the images associated with each post at 40.2% (86/214) and 45% (29/64), respectively. The second most common response consisted of users sharing their smoking-related experiences. More users shared their smoking-related experiences in response to the supporting smoking cessation posts (81/214, 37.9%) compared to the marketing Crush the Crave posts (11/64, 17%). With the exception of 4 posts, a moderator posted all the original posts. In addition, although 56.00% (18,937/33,815) of Crush the Crave Facebook page users were men, only 19.8% (55/278) of the reply posts were made by men. Finally, men were found to be more likely to express sarcasm or make strong assertions about quitting smoking and Crush the Crave than women.ConclusionsThe CTC Facebook page presents as a unique platform for supporting young adult smoking cessation at all stages of the cessation process. The findings of this study indicate that social networking sites, especially Facebook, warrant inclusion in tobacco control efforts directed towards young adults. Research on effectiveness of the Facebook page for quitting smoking is needed.

Smoking in young adult African Americans

The aim of this study was to describe factors that influence decisions of young African Americans to start smoking. Young adult African Americans have a high risk for becoming regular smokers, but little is understood about their smoking. This knowledge is needed because understanding young adults' smokers will help develop effective tobacco cessation and prevention strategies. Qualitative study. The study consisted of 22 in-depth interviews with African Americans between the ages of 19-25. Data were collected between 2009-2010. Smokers, former smokers and non-smokers were included. Results indicated that smoking identity of young adults was influenced by their limited and discounted knowledge of health risks and the stigma associated with the type of tobacco smoked. The importance of cost was discussed as was the effect of smoking on relationships and vice versa. Marijuana was the primary reason they started smoking tobacco. Their transition into adulthood and views of smoking, adulthood and success all influenced smoking. Additionally, self-reflection on personal choices around smoking was important and may be useful in effective smoking cessation programmes for this group. Nurses are in an ideal position to promote effective smoking cessation in young adults. Direct, culturally relevant messages are needed that fit into the context of the young adults' lives by addressing concurrent use of marijuana, self-esteem and success in life.

Young Adult Smoking Cessation: Predictors of Quit Attempts and Abstinence

We examined young adult smoking cessation behaviors, coding cessation behavior as no attempt, quit attempt (< 30 days), or abstinence (≥ 30 days) during follow-up from July 2005 through December 2008, observed in 592 young adult smokers from the Ontario Tobacco Survey. One in 4 young adults made an attempt; 14% obtained 30-day abstinence. Cessation resources, prior attempts, and intention predicted quit attempts, whereas high self-efficacy, using resources, having support, and low addiction predicted abstinence, indicating that young adult smokers require effective and appropriate cessation resources.

Kurzintervention zur Förderung der Tabakabstinenz via Short Message Service (SMS) bei Auszubildenden an beruflichen Schulen: Longitudinale Interventionsstudie zur Ergebnis- und Prozessevaluation

The aim of this study is to test the acceptance and efficacy of an individualised text messaging (SMS)-based intervention to support smoking cessation in apprentices of vocational schools. The SMS program MyWay, which generated individualised text messages to support smoking cessation based on an online assessment and a weekly SMS assessment, was developed. The text messages were based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change and sent to the programme participants over a period of 3 months. The programme was tested in 62 school classes at 6 vocational schools in Bremen, Germany, where 1 086 apprentices participated in an online assessment addressing demographic and smoking related variables. A total of 415 persons (38%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria "daily cigarette smoking", "ownership of a cell phone" and "regular use of text messaging". Of these, 210 persons (51%) participated in the programme. A 6-month follow-up telephone interview for the evaluation of the SMS programme and the assessment of smoking-related variables could be conducted in 125 (60%) of the 210 programme participants. Compared to the baseline assessment, the smoking prevalence (7-day-point prevalence abstinence, 11%) and the intention to stop smoking (p<0.01) were higher at the 6-month follow-up. Furthermore, cigarette craving was lower at 6-month follow-up among persons who still smoked at this point in time (p<0.01). In comparison to other smoking cessation services, this intervention approach allows us to reach a substantial part of smokers in vocational schools. The text messaging programme is promising for the support of smoking cessation in young adults.

Adolescent psychological and social predictors of young adult smoking acquisition and cessation: A 10-year longitudinal study.

A 10-year follow-up study to test the extent to which theory-based adolescent psychological and social factors directly predict and moderate the prediction of young adult smoking acquisition and cessation. A prospective community-based sample. A total of 2,970 adolescents participated in the large Washington State Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project (HSPP) longitudinal cohort. As predictors, psychological factors (i.e., parentnoncompliance, friendcompliance, rebelliousness, achievement motivation, and thrill seeking) and social environmental factors (i.e., parent's and friend's smoking) were measured when adolescents were 17-18 years old. As main outcome measures, smoking acquisition and cessation were assessed both at ages 18 and 28. Psychological and social factors predicted 3% to 7% probability (p < .05) of smoking acquisition and a nonsignificant to 24% probability (p < .05) of smoking continuation (not quitting) in young adulthood. Both friendcompliance and rebelliousness were more powerful predictors of young adult-smoking continuation than of smoking acquisition. First evidence that parent noncompliance, friend compliance, and a lack of achievement motivation predict smoking acquisition and (with the exception of parent noncompliance) smoking continuation in young adulthood. Including these psychological factors in future interventions designed to promote young adult smoking cessation may be useful.

Adolescent Attributes and Young Adult Smoking Cessation Behavior

This study collected data five times between 1983 and 2002 from 400 participants who originally came from upstate New York. These participants completed structured interviews as did their mothers three times. LISREL analysis generally supported the hypothesized model. The results indicated that having parents who smoked and having low educational aspirations and expectations were associated with being unconventional, which, in turn, was related to having low emotional control and reporting more internalizing behaviors. Internalizing behaviors were directly associated with a lower likelihood of smoking cessation, as was parental smoking. Research and clinical implications are discussed and the limitations noted.

Auricular acupressure combined with multimedia instruction or alone for quitting smoking in young adults: A quasi-experimental study

Background Smoking plays a disease-related risk factor and is however the principal cause of preventable death. Many studies support the use of combined rather than single interventions to stop smoking. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of auricular acupressure combined with multimedia instruction in comparison with auricular acupressure alone on smoking cessation in young adults. Method A quasi-experimental research design was used and participants were assigned to experimental groups according to their preference. Group 1 received the 10-week program with auricular acupressure plus multimedia instruction; Group 2 received auricular acupressure alone. Thirty-two participants were in each group were recruited from universities in Taiwan. The physical and psychological data were collected right before and after the program. Results This study demonstrated the effects of smoking cessation on physical and psychological factors in each group. Statistical between-group differences existed in psychological factors of smoking cessation self-efficacy and nicotine dependence, but not in physical factors of carbon monoxide and cotinine. Conclusions This study adds to the body of research on the benefits of using auricular acupressure combined with or without multimedia instruction for smoking cessation in adolescents. The combined intervention was more effective especially in increasing smoking cessation self-efficacy and decreasing nicotine dependence. Further study is suggested adding control groups such as placebo in order to understand a single effect of smoking cessation.

Continuous individual support of smoking cessation using text messaging: A pilot experimental study

The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptance of an intervention using text messaging (short message service [SMS]) for continuous individual support of smoking cessation in young adults. Additionally, the optimal feedback intensity was investigated, and short-term efficacy of the intervention was explored. In a cafeteria of the University of Greifswald, 575 visitors were screened for smoking status and usage of text messaging. From these, 194 persons who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of daily smoking and weekly usage of SMS were invited for participation in an SMS-based intervention. From these, 174 (90%) consented to participate. The participants were randomly allocated to one of three study groups: (a) control condition without intervention, (b) intervention with one weekly SMS feedback (1SMS), or (c) intervention with three weekly SMS feedbacks (3SMS). In study groups (b) and (c), individualized SMS feedbacks were sent to the participants weekly, based on data from the baseline assessment and a weekly SMS assessment of the stages of change according to the transtheoretical model. Program use and acceptance were compared between the two intervention groups differing in support intensity. An exploration of the short-term efficacy of the program was conducted by comparing the three study groups at the end of the 3-month intervention program on smoking variables. The median number of replies to the weekly SMS assessments was 12.5 in the 1SMS group and 13.0 in the 3SMS group (not significant). The acceptance of the program did not differ between the intervention groups. At postassessment, no significant differences between the three study groups emerged on the examined smoking variables. The high participation and retention rates suggest that SMS-based smoking cessation interventions are attractive for young adults. Support intensity did not affect the acceptance of the program. Longer follow-up periods and larger samples are required to obtain conclusive results about the efficacy of this intervention approach.

KEEPING THE POINT-OF-SALE ENVIRONMENT AT THE FOREFRONT

Husten’s editorial on smoking cessation in young adults highlights the need for the public health community to support young adults’ quit attempts through environmental changes, including increasing tobacco prices, encouraging smoke-free public places, workplaces, and homes, and improving coverage of cessation interventions.1 One important initiative missing from this list is restricting tobacco promotions at the retail point-of-sale (POS). The tobacco industry spends more money on POS promotions than on all other forms of cigarette marketing combined.2 Tobacco promotions at retail outlets provide product cues to would-be starters and would-be quitters, and may present relapse challenges for the latter group.3–5 While restricting POS promotions may seem daunting given its pervasiveness, some jurisdictions have been successful in doing so.

Smoking Cessation in Young Adults

The theme of this issue is the critically important topic of young adult smoking cessation. Young adulthood is a time of many transitions, including changes in smoking behavior. Adolescents who experiment or smoke intermittently often progress to daily smoking in young adulthood.1 For example, Tercyak et al.2 reported that among 12th grade ever smokers (defined as persons who have ever smoked in their lifetimes), 39% were smoking more frequently or intensely by the following year. Some adults smoke their first cigarettes after the age of 18, but little initiation occurs after age 25.1 There is evidence that smoking initiation has increased among young adults in recent years.3 Consistent with this, Tercyak et al. noted that among never smokers in high school, 25% initiated smoking in the year after 12th grade.2 Young adulthood is also a time when some smokers make quit attempts. Unfortunately, young people who try to quit are likely to relapse, similar to older adults.1 Often, it is with their first quit attempt that young smokers realize that they have become addicted to tobacco and will not be able to quit easily.

Sleep duration and smoking cessation in student nurses

Study objectives To assess predictors of smoking cessation in young adults. Design Prospective study of smoking cessation. Setting 32 Schools of Nursing in Southwest Germany. Participants 500 student nurses, 82% female, median age 19.9 years, who smoked at baseline. Measurements and results Smoking status and potential predictors of smoking cessation were assessed by two questionnaires within a median time interval of 13.1 months. At follow-up, 10.6% of the participants had stopped smoking. Sleep duration was positively associated with smoking cessation. One hour additional sleep per night at baseline increased the relative probability to stop smoking by 1.48 (95% CI 1.14–1.93). The number of cigarettes per day and the ‘self-assessment of smoking behaviour in 5 years’ were additional factors predicting smoking cessation. Conclusions Sleep duration may influence smoking cessation and may have relevance for advising people who want to quit smoking.

Public policy and smoking cessation among young adults in the United States

In the wake of significant budget shortfalls, numerous states have increased cigarette excise taxes to boost revenues. This study examines whether or not increasing the price of cigarettes, which will occur as a consequence of cigarette excise tax increases, and implementing stronger restrictions on smoking in private worksites and other public places have an impact on smoking cessation decisions of young adults, thereby influencing public health in the United States (US). This paper employs longitudinal data on young adults from the Monitoring the Future Surveys matched with information on site-specific prices and measures of clean indoor air restrictions. A Cox regression is employed to estimate the smoking cessation equations. The estimates clearly indicate that increasing the price of cigarettes increases the number of young adults who quit smoking. The average price elasticity of cessation is 0.35. In addition, stronger restrictions on smoking in private worksites and public places other than restaurants increase the probability of young adult smoking cessation. Given the well-documented benefits of smoking cessation, a significant increase in cigarette excises taxes may be one of the most effective means to reduce premature death and disease in the United States.