Smoking Tobacco Products Research Articles

697Change of smoking habits by introducing and spreading heated tobacco products in Japan

Abstract Background Heated tobacco product (HTP) users are rapidly increasing in Japan since 2014. Controlling HTPs is now one of the most urgent issues. We aimed to clarify the change of smoking habits by introducing and spreading HTPs. Methods We conducted the survey of HTP use in the participants of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study, a prospective cohort including 11,002 participants aged 40-74 in Japan. All data were obtained in the follow-up (2018-2019) and baseline (2012-2013) survey. Smoking habits were categorized to five groups according to follow-up survey; never smokers (NS), past smokers (PS), cigarette only smokers (CS), HTP only smokers (HS) and dual smokers (DS). Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association between smoking habits and change of number of smoking tobacco products during follow-up. Results Prevalence of HTP user was 12.4% in 40-59 years of age and 1.8% in 60-79 for male, and 1.7% in 40-59 and 0% in 60-79 for female. Dual smokers accounted for 34.9% of all HTP users. Change of smoking number during follow-up (5.7±0.8 years) was +3.11 (95%CI: 1.17, 5.07) in DS and -1.09 (-2.70, 0.53) in HS compared with CS, after adjusted for age, sex and smoking number at baseline. Conclusions HTPs smoking including dual smoking was getting popular in Japan. Shift to HTPs was unlikely to affect the number of smoking tobacco, but dual smokers tended to smoke more than at baseline. Key messages Dual smokers of cigarettes and HTPs tended to smoke more than before introducing and spreading HTPs.

Knowledge and Beliefs about the Inclusion of Health Warnings on Waterpipe Tobacco Packaging in Jordan

BACKGROUND: Article 11 of WHO-FCTC strategies emphasize the need for countries to include health warnings on packages of tobacco products. This study aims to assess Jordanian people, aged 13 years and above knowledge and beliefs about the inclusion of health warning labels on waterpipe tobacco packages. 
 
 METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional approach was conducted among youth and adults aged 13 years and above. The sample was recruited from public schools, universities, and a governmental public service agency. Data collection was done through an electronic survey using Tablets. 
 
 RESULTS: A total of 1067 participated in the study, with ages ranging between 13– 63 years old with a mean (20.9, SD= ± 6.1). Study participants mainly consisted of students making (86.7%) of the total sample. These students were in secondary education school (19.3%) or attending university (67.4%). Findings indicated that participants tobacco smoking status were non-smokers, single type smoker, dual smoker, and triple smokers (67.8%, 21.6%, 6.8%, and 3.7% respectively). In comparison the prevalence of smoking single tobacco type, dual smoking, and triple smokers tobacco products was statistically higher among males than females (11.1%-10.6%, 5.1%-1.8%, and 3.1%-0.7% respectively). Eighty-seven percent knew that waterpipe smoking is harmful and would support the inclusion of health warnings on the tobacco packet. Thirty percent indicated that the inclusion of health warnings will greatly improve their knowledge of the harmful effects of tobacco smoking. 
 
 CONCLUSION: The current study shows that participants believe including health warnings on waterpipe tobacco package would help smokers to think about quitting.

Vaping Exacerbates Coronavirus-Related Pulmonary Infection in a Murine Model.

Though the current preponderance of evidence indicates the toxicity associated with the smoking of tobacco products through conventional means, less is known about the role of “vaping” in respiratory disease. “Vaping” is described as the use of electronic cigarettes (E-Cigarettes or E-Cigs), which has only more recently been available to the public (∼10 years) but has quickly emerged as a popular means of tobacco consumption worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can easily be transmitted between people in close proximity through direct contact or respiratory droplets to develop coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Symptoms of COVID-19 range from a mild flu-like illness with high fever to severe respiratory distress syndrome and death. The risk factors for increased disease severity remain unclear. Herein, we utilize a murine-tropic coronavirus (beta coronavirus) MHV-A59 along with a mouse model and measures of pathology (lung weight/dry ratios and histopathology) and inflammation (ELISAs and cytokine array panels) to examine whether vaping may exacerbate the pulmonary disease severity of coronavirus disease. While vaping alone did result in some noted pathology, mice exposed with intranasal vaped e-liquid suffered more severe mortality due to pulmonary inflammation than controls when exposed to coronavirus infection. Our data suggest a role for vaping in increased coronavirus pulmonary disease in a mouse model. Furthermore, our data indicate that disease exacerbation may involve calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation, identifying a potential therapeutic intervention.

Differences Between Male and Female E‐cigarettes Users’ Perception of Health

Objectives This study aimed to identify the differences between genders in the perception of various health outcomes related to tobacco and e-cigarette usage. Methods This research used data from the 2015-2016 Population Assessment of Health Study from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Statistical analyses were conducted using chi-square tests to examine perception of health issues arising from tobacco and e-cigarette consumption across genders. Results A total of 28,148 cases were included in this study. Gender notwithstanding, the majority of people (65.53%) strongly believe conventional cigarettes can cause oral cancer, while most people (55.72%) do not believe e-cigarettes can cause health problems. Females believe (1) it is harder to stop smoking tobacco products; (2) that tobacco products control them; (3) their urge to use e-cigarettes is out of control; (4) it is harder to quit using tobacco products; and (5) smoking can cause mouth cancer. More males do not believe (1) smoking tobacco products help them think better; and (2) deny e-cigarettes can cause health problems. All of these findings were statistically significant at p < 0.05. Conclusions This study demonstrated men and women perceive tobacco and e-cigarette-related health issues differently. Despite the fact that more females believe usage of tobacco products is hard to quit and it can also cause oral cancer, most people do not believe e-cigarettes can cause health issues. This study can help strengthen e-cigarette policy to regulate and determine how future regulations might affect user profile and perception especially in its usage, marketing, and distribution. Different educational intervention may be needed for males versus females.

Demand for tobacco products in Bangladesh

BackgroundTobacco tax increase is considered as one of the most effective means to reduce tobacco consumption and its consequences. An increase in taxes, which results in an increase in the...

The Way of Starting Smoke and the Frequency of Use: A Nationwide Study in Turkey

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and appraise the data distribution of reasons behind starting tobacco use of individuals by sex and the individuals’ using status of smoking tobacco products by sex and age group in 2014 and 2016. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 8 325 adults in Turkey, aged 15 years and over, selected via a stratified, twostage proportionate-to-size sampling method. Data were obtained from faceto- face interviews by trained research assistants, using a standard validated questionnaire. Data is available for the years bienally. The study variables analyzed were years, sex, cause, age groups and using smoke frekans. Chi square analysis was used to predict outcomes. Descriptive statistics were given as frequency distributions and percentages on collected data. In addition, chisquare test was used for statistical evaluation. The level of significance in the study was taken as p &lt;0.05. Results: 50.2% in 2014; 43.5% in 2016 individuals were smoking. Men rates are higher than women. Starting to smoke causes were, curiosity, friend effect and desire were. Statistical significance in between genders, in terms of frequency of smoke and starting smoke causes in 2014 and 2016 (p&lt;0.000). Conclusion: Smoking is an important public health problem in the world and in our country. Young population’s overly smoking habit, the presence of psychosocial reasons which were seen in our study may indicate the need for psychological support in smoking. However, regardless of the reason, the precautions to be determined across the country resolutely and results should be obtained than.

Impact of common tobacco products on human health and environmental pollution in Bangladesh

Worldwide, tobacco is one of the leading causes of disability and death. Over a million of pounds of toxic chemicals are released by tobacco products. This study aims to explore the effects of tobacco toxicants on human health and environmental pollution. Four districts (Dhaka, Kushtia, Chattogram and Rangpur) were selected where most of the tobacco product grown. Total 468 respondents were interviewed face-to-face using structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge about toxicant content in tobacco and health and environmental hazards of tobacco use. Survey results revealed that about 44.4% respondents used smoking tobacco products and 38.5% used smokeless tobacco, while only 17.1% used both. About two third (74.3%) of smoking tobacco users started smoking when they were between 15 to 24 years old and majority (61.6%) of smokeless tobacco users started tobacco when they were between 30 to 35 years above. Tobacco product has large impacts on health of young smokers. Smokers are suffering from various acute and chronic diseases. Among the respondents, 38% indicated that they were suffering from hypertension. The second most affected disease was COPD/Asthma (31.6%), while cancer was the least suffering disease (0.4%). Majority of the respondents were not aware about the presence of toxicants (i.e. nicotine, tar and metals) in tobacco products. However, 85.1% tobacco users had an idea about environmental pollution. There is a lack of knowledge among the survey respondents about toxicants in tobacco products that are linked to health hazards and environmental pollution. These results are important in strengthening existing policy considering adverse health effects of toxicants examined.&#x0D; Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 130-143, 2020

Particle size, penetration rate and effects of smoke and smokeless tobacco products – an invitro analysis

Utilization of tobacco products is a global epidemic that causes a health threat among the adolescents and adults of the world. If the current pattern perpetuates, it is estimated to cause 10 million deaths each year by 2020. According to the 2009–2010 survey by Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 53.5% of Indians use tobacco products (66.2% of men and 40% of women). Cancers of the lip and oral cavity are highly frequent in Southern Asia (eg: India and Sri Lanka) and it is also the leading cause of cancer death among men in India and Sri Lanka. Aim and objectivesThe aim of the study is to evaluate the particle size, and assess the penetration rate in egg shell membrane and proliferation rate using cell lines among 4 commercially available tobacco products. Materials and methodsA total of 4 tobacco product samples namely Gutka, Khaini, Beedi and Cigarette was used to analyse the particle size using High resolution Scanning electron microscopy, the penetration rate on egg shell membrane using Spectroflurometry and proliferative rate using ELISA on cell lines respectively. ResultsKhaini revealed the smallest particle size and highest penetration and proliferation rate compared to Gutka, Beedi and Cigarette. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that individuals who consume Khaini are at high risk to develop potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma when compared to Gutka, Beedi and Cigarette (in the order of occurrence).

Perceived effect of increased pricing on smoked tobacco products quit rates: A cross-sectional study in a block of Haryana.

The price of cigarettes and bidis is known to be related to the cessation of these products. To assess the perception of smokers about their quitting behavior on price increase in smoke tobacco product. A population-based cross-sectional study among people who were 18 years of age and above was conducted in 2017 among 277 participants in Haryana. Global adult tobacco survey 2009 questionnaire with objective oriented modification was used to examine the willingness to pay (WLP) for a smoked tobacco product, maximum price for quitting smoking, reinitiating smoking, and the knowledge about harmful effects of using tobacco products. Descriptive statistics and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to find the relationship among various demographic characteristics and price of quitting smoking. Among the participants, 65 (23.4%) were found to be current smoker and of them 48 (74%) smokers responded to quit smoking on increasing the price of smoked tobacco products. Average daily price paid by the smokers was Rs. 23 and Rs. 8 for cigarettes and bidis, respectively. The odds of quitting smoking among cigarette smokers were higher than those of among bidi smokers (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 2.877-10.04). The odds of quitting smoking among those spending more than Rs. 10/day were lower than those spending <Rs. 10 on these products (OR = 4.8, 95% CI 1.1-22.3). 72.9% of the smokers declared >100% increase in current price for quitting smoking. An increased magnitude of price increase on smoke tobacco products is invariably an effective method of decreasing smoking prevalence.

Potential health impacts and lung microbiome changes among smoking and smokeless tobacco use : A technical scan

Globally, 1.3 billion peoples use tobacco products daily, most of them from low- and middle-income countries. Every year, 8 million of the population died because of the usage of tobacco, as per the WHO report. Tobacco-related diseases, likely lung cancer, emphysema chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic respiratory diseases, are more common. Nicotine is a highly addictive chemical found in the tobacco plant and also in all other tobacco products. All tobacco products contain nicotine that causes the release of dopamine in the pleasure and motivation areas of the brain. Both smoking and smokeless tobacco products contain many harmful chemicals that affect the lung mucociliary clearance and also inactivate the immune system and lead to increases in the risk of infection and the development of deleterious bacterial growth in the lungs. In the lung microbiome, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial species were found to a higher level in smoking tobacco users as that may increase morbidity and mortality. The lung microbiome changes taking place in the lung due to smokeless tobacco usage are less documented so far. In future research, microbiome studies help to understand disease pathogenesis.

An analysis of affordability of cigarettes and bidis in India

BackgroundEasy affordability of tobacco products is one of the reasons for increased tobacco consumption. The study attempts to project the affordability of cigarettes and bidis from 2017 to 2025 in India. MethodsThe affordability was measured in terms of Relative Income Price (RIP) and the price of smoked tobacco products. RIP depends upon per capita gross domestic production (GDP) required to purchase 100 packets of cigarettes. The GDP per capita was calculated using data from National Accounts Division, Central Statistics Office, 2017. The price of cigarettes and bidis was calculated using data from WHO global report on tobacco epidemics, 2017. The projections were done from 2017 to 2025 assuming constant rise of per capita GDP as in the year 2017 (7%) and price rise of cigarette and bidis due to inflation (4%). Four and Six scenarios for cigarettes and bidis respectively, of different tax rises (0%–200%) in the years 2017–2025 were taken. ResultsBidis were more affordable at lower increments in tax as compared to cigarettes. Affordability for cigarettes decreased to - 9.9% after a 100% increase in tax whereas affordability of bidi decreased to - 8.61% after a 200% increase in tax by the end of 2025. ConclusionSince bidis are more easily affordable than cigarettes, an adequate increase in taxes of bidi should be made to make it less affordable.

Awareness of harmful effects on tobacco smoking among adult male smokers in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study

Background: Smoking of tobacco products is the second major cause of morbidity and mortality in worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness of the harmful effects on tobacco smoking among adult male smokers and their spouses in Sri Lanka.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among adult male smokers in Gampaha district was recruited. An interviewer administered questionnaire inquired participants' awareness about diseases caused by smoking.Results: Majority of participants (95.3%) were aware of the adverse effects of tobacco consumption on health. A total of 93.4% had knowledge that smoking is harmful to others. Majority of male smokers were aware of adverse effects on respiratory, cardiac and circulatory systems. However, the awareness of the association between impotence, infertility, birth defects and premature births with smoking is low in smokers.Conclusions: Majority of smokers have sufficient knowledge of harmful effects on health from smoking. Community awareness programs of adverse effects must be held targeting all the population including school children. Anti-smoking campaigns must be initiated in a broad manner, specially targeting the smoking population.

Značajnost tjelesne aktivnosti u sprječavanju raka debelog crijeva

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignant neoplasm and the second cause of death from malignancies in both sexes. In 2017, 3689 people were diagnosed in the Republic of Croatia. Two thousand ninety-five people died of colorectal cancer in 2019. Colorectal cancer is preventable, and it appears that smoking and obesity are factors that affect its onset. Physical inactivity is closely related to obesity, and the question is whether it can be an independent predictor of colon cancer. We searched the literature on Pubmed for the past five years, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association between physical activity and colon cancer incidence. Studies are methodologically diverse and involve different approaches. In most observational studies, greater physical activity is associated with a lower incidence of colon cancer, while in the interventional studies, results were more diverse. In general, smoking tobacco products has a much greater effect on colon cancer development, but physical activity is linked to the onset of the disease and should be one of the prevention measures.

Trends in Tobacco Use Among Adolescents by Grade, Sex, and Race, 1991-2019

Use of e-cigarettes increased among adolescents between 2011 and 2019. However, whether these changes are affecting patterns of use of other tobacco products, especially cigarettes, remains unclear. To examine the long-term and recent trends in cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco product use among US adolescents by grade (8th, 10th, and 12th), sex (male and female), and race (White and Black). In this cross-sectional study, joinpoint regression analyses were performed to characterize trends in tobacco product use for key sociodemographic groups, identifying change of trend years (joinpoints). Students in the 8th, 10th, and 12th grades at US secondary schools and high schools who participated in the nationally representative Monitoring the Future survey from January 7, 1991, to June 3, 2019, were evaluated. Cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco product use during the past 30 days. Past 30-day and daily prevalence of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco product use by year, grade, sex, and race. The prevalence trend segments, change of trend years (joinpoints), and annual percentage change (APC) in prevalence within each trend segment were estimated using joinpoint regression. Since 1991, 487 335 8th-grade, 447 310 10th-grade, and 424 236 12th-grade students have completed the Monitoring the Future survey (including 663 663 girls and 632 698 boys [those who did not respond to the sex question in the survey were excluded from the sex analyses]). Past 30-day and daily smoking prevalence increased in all groups analyzed from 1991 until 1996 and 1997 and has been decreasing ever since, with more rapid reductions in recent years. For example, daily smoking among 12th-grade boys increased at an APC of 4.9% (95% CI, 3.5%-6.3%) from 1991 to 1998, decreased at an APC of -8.0% (95% CI, -9.3% to -6.7%) from 1998 to 2006, decreased at an APC of -1.6% (95% CI, -4.6% to 1.5%) from 2006 to 2012, and decreased at an APC of -17.4% (95% CI, -19.4% to -15.4%) from 2012 to 2019. Similar results were observed for boys in the 8th grade (5.0% [95% CI, 0.1%-10.2%] for 1991-1996, -8.8% [95% CI, -10.0% to -7.6%] for 1996-2011, and -17.3% [95% CI, -22.2% to -12.0%] for 2011-2019) and 10th grade (7.1% [95% CI, 3.7%-10.7%] for 1991-1997, -11.1% [95% CI, -13.9% to -8.2%] for 1997-2005,-0.7% [95% CI, -5.9% to 4.9%] for 2005-2011, and -17.9 [95%, -21.7% to -13.9%] for 2011-2019), for girls in 8th grade (10.9% [95% CI, 5.0%-17.2%] for 1991-1996 and -10.8% [95% CI, -11.7% to -10.0% for 1996-2019), 10th grade (7.2% [95% CI, 3.9%-10.7%] for 1991-1997, -9.5% [95% CI, -10.5% to -8.6%] for 1997-2012, and -16.3% [95% CI, -21.8% to -10.4%] for 2012-2019), and 12th grade (6.5% [95% CI, 3.6%-9.5%] for 1991-1997, -7.2% [95% CI, -8.1% to -6.3%] for 1997-2012, and -17.5% [95% CI, -21.2% to -13.6%] for 2012-2019). Results were similar, too, for Black adolescents (2015-2019 average annual percentage change: -8.6% [95% CI, -10.3% to -6.8%] for 8th graders; -17.7% [95% CI, -26.3% to -8.2%] for 10th graders; and -18.3% [95% CI, -23.9% to -12.2%] for 12th graders) and White adolescents (2015-2019 average annual percentage change: -17.3% [95% CI, -20.6% to -13.7%] for 8th graders; -16.9% [95% CI, -20.5% to -13.2%] for 10th graders; and -17.0% [95% CI, -20.5% to -13.2%] for 12th graders). Smokeless tobacco was used more variably through 2012, followed by consistent decreases in the past 5 years. For instance, smokeless tobacco use in the past 30 days in 10th-grade boys decreased at an APC of -6.5% (95% CI, -7.5% to -5.4%) from 1991 to 2004, increased at an APC of 3.1% (95% CI, -0.8% to 7.1%) from 2004 to 2012, and decreased at an APC of -11.6% (95% CI, -15.7% to -7.4%) from 2012 to 2019. Similarly, daily smokeless tobacco use in 12th-grade boys decreased at an APC of -3.8% (95% CI, -5.4% to -2.1%) from 1992 to 2005, increased at an APC of 3.1% (95% CI, -0.2% to 6.5%) from 2005 to 2015, and decreased at an APC of -23.0% (95% CI, -33.3% to -11.0%) from 2015 to 2019. This cross-sectional study suggests that, despite the increase in the prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescents between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of cigarette and smokeless tobacco use has decreased more rapidly during the same period compared with earlier years.

Are E-cigarette Users a Unique Group of Smokers? Latent Class Analysis of the National Youth Tobacco Survey

We used data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey to examine patterns of cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco use. In light of the recent upsurge in e-cigarette use, we modeled current use and future intentions to use vape products along with combustible cigarette smoking and other tobacco products (i.e., cigars, cigarillos, chew, snuff, and dip). Latent class analyses indicated four discrete classes of smokers including a nominally involved class with very modest levels of tobacco product use, a class blending e-cigarette and cigars, a class of youth who predominantly use combustible cigarettes, and a group reporting indiscriminate use of almost all tobacco products excluding chew. Tests of invariance in item response probabilities and latent class proportions showed little variation across race and gender, albeit a new class of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette users emerged when examined by grade. Members of the heavy smoking and tobacco use class were more likely to be male, White, and older. Predictors of class membership included expectancies (perceived benefits of use), perceived harm (risk), media exposure, tobacco dependence, and the desire to quit. Findings are discussed in terms of characterizing risk among already smoking youth and how actionable prevention measures can be incorporated into existing universal and indicated programs that target reducing tobacco use and smoking behaviors.

Abstract PO-064: Applying geospatial strategies to examine tobacco/vape shops and socioecological context with lung cancer and cardiovascular disease outcomes

Abstract Background: Although smoking tobacco products has declined, electronic nicotine delivery systems(ENDS) have flooded the marketplace. With increased retailing of carcinogenic tobacco products, there is a need to better understand how they may influence lung cancer and cardiovascular disease outcomes and where they are located. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the association between the location of tobacco/vape shops and lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. Methods: Aggregate data from the U.S. Census, Google Maps, and Yelp was used to determine the number of smoke shops by city in San Gabriel Valley, CA and Antelope Valley, CA. Lung cancer incidence, lung cancer mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was obtained from the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. A correlation analysis was conducted and Pearson correlation coefficients with p-values were obtained. Additional socioecological variables were also included for exploration. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were conducted using SAS v9.4 software. Results: Data showed that the number of tobacco smoke shops was significantly positively correlated with lung cancer incidence (rho [ρ]= 0.546; p= 0.0027), lung cancer mortality (ρ= 0.517; p=0.0048), and cardiovascular disease mortality (ρ= 0.620; p= 0.0004). Percentage of residents 0-17 years old (ρ=0.532; p= 0.0036), percentage of Black residents (ρ= 0.420; p= 0.0259) and American Indian/Alaskan Native residents (ρ= 0.676; p&amp;lt;.0001); percentage of residents with some college education (ρ= 0.431;p= 0.0222), percentage of residents meeting physical activity guidelines (ρ= 0.444; p= 0.0180), percentage of smokers (ρ= 0.370; p= 0.0529), crime rate (ρ= 0.693; p= &amp;lt;.0001), and percentage of depressed residents (ρ= 0.473; p= 0.0111) were positively correlated with the number of smoke shops. Percentage of residents 65+ years old (ρ= -0.567; p= 0.0017), percentage of Asian residents (ρ= -0.382;p= 0.0450), percentage of residents with a college degree (ρ= -0.407; p=0.0318), and percentage of foreign- born residents (ρ= -0.429; p= 0.0228) were negatively correlated with the number of smoke shops. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the number of tobacco shops is associated with lung cancer incidence and mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. Neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native residents, and depressed residents and high-crime areas may have more smoke shops. Additional studies are needed to verify these results, which may help inform tobacco control policies. Addressing cancer and CVD disparities, particularly tobacco-related diseases, may require stronger laws and licensing regulating the tobacco industry and tobacco/vaping shops to prevent targeting of minorities and other vulnerable populations. This data can help inform the membership of tobacco control task forces and committees at governmental, community, health center and academic sites. Citation Format: Christyl T. Dawson, Kimlin T. Ashing, Brian Tiep, Jonjon Macalintal, Sophia Yeung, Gaole Song, Timothy O'Connor, Udochukwu Obodo, Cary Presant. Applying geospatial strategies to examine tobacco/vape shops and socioecological context with lung cancer and cardiovascular disease outcomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-064.

A systematic review report on tobacco products and its health issues in India.

India is the second country in tobacco production in the world. Smoking tobacco products included Hookah, Cohutta, Chillum, Chillum, ganja, Beedi, Mava, Cigarettes, and cigar etc. Various types of smokeless tobacco like betel quid, khaini, mishri, snuff, gutkha are used. Fifty percent of them are addicted to smokeless tobacco. Sixty eight smokeless tobacco products were available in 2010; most of them included the risk of cancer warning except for loose tobacco products. Women mostly prefer 8 out of 29 gutkha brands. Out of these 29 gutkha brands, 15 were loose tobacco packets. India is the second-largest tobacco consumer, comprises of 27.5 crore consumers which altogether greater than the population of Western Europe. From among these 27.5 crore consumers, 16.4 crore people are smokeless tobacco in takers, 6.9 crore people are exclusive smokers and 4.2 crore people are both tobacco in takers and exclusive smokers. If we take this data into consideration early mortality of 45 crore people is expected by 2050 worldwide. Female basically are prone to fewer cigarettes per day as compared to males. On the other hand, a cigarette that is consumed by females has lower nicotine content as compared to males. In developing countries, the female population has less prevalence of smoking because the level of employment is low, socio-cultural norms, and health and beauty concerns. According to the estimation by the South East Asia Region (SEAR) in the year 2000 basically from India, we encounter death of about 18% men and about 3% of women due to tobacco. Various policies have been set up to control the use of tobacco. So that threat to public health is reduced. Policies like tobacco control policy, pro-health policy are set up for this purpose. Talking about the effects on a longer-term usage of water pipe can add up to the risk of getting affected by cancers of lungs, mouth, bladders, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, tooth extraction, etc.

Prevalence of smoking in the Kuwaiti adult population in 2014: a cross-sectional study.

The study objective was to assess tobacco smoking prevalence in Kuwaiti adults in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study survey was conducted in 2014 on 3917 Kuwaiti citizens (18–69 years) following the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) methodology. The study assessed prevalence of self-reported ever-smoking or currently smoking tobacco products and exposure to secondhand smoke in relation to demographic and smoking-related characteristics. The prevalence of “ever smoker” in men and women was 49.9% and 4.4%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of “current smoker” was 39.2% and 3.3%, respectively. Sex (adjusted OR [AOR], 19.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.0–28.3], male versus female) was significantly associated with current smoking. Among daily smokers, 87.1% used manufactured cigarettes. The average daily number of manufactured cigarettes for men and women was 21.8 and 13.0, respectively. Mean age at smoking initiation was 17.5 years (95% CI 17.2–17.9). The prevalence of secondhand smoke at home and work was 38.6% and 29.9%, respectively. Half of Kuwaiti men have smoked at some point in their life with most of these being current smokers. Secondhand smoke is a common exposure at home and work, posing serious health risks to the population.

The structure of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products among the population of the Russian Federation

In the Russian Federation, after the adoption of Federal Law “On the Protection of Citizens' Health from the Effects of Tobacco Smoke and the Consequences of Tobacco Use”, the prevalence of smoking tobacco has significantly decreased. Reducing the consumption of smoking tobacco products led to the emergence of a new aggressive policy of tobacco companies, which resulted in the emergence of new “innovative” products and the concepts of “less harmful tobacco product” or “less harmful nicotine-containing product”. The undoubtedly aggressive advertising campaigns of tobacco companies and manufacturers of electronic cigarettes have affected the smoking behavior of tobacco consumers, which has begun to change in recent years.The purpose of this study was to study new trends in the structure of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products in various age groups of the Russian Federation, as well as among men and women.Methods. Analysis of the structure of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products was carried out as part of an online public opinion poll to study the level of awareness of measures to reduce the prevalence of tobacco products in the Russian Federation, initiated in 2019 by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. A total of 1 282 respondents from 73 regions of the Russian Federation took part in the survey. Among the respondents there were 447 (34.9%) men and 835 women (65.1%) aged 18 years and younger to 70 years. To conduct a comparative analysis of the structure of use of tobacco and nicotine-containing products, the frequencies of their use in different age groups, among men and women, were calculated. A statistically significant difference between the groups was confirmed by analyzing the dependence in the contingency table using the χ2 criterion.Results. A total of 432 respondents reported the use of tobacco and nicotine-containing products, which amounted to 33.7% of all respondents. The most used products were smoking tobacco (57.64%), electronic cigarettes (34.03%) and waterpipe (33.80%). However, in different age groups, the structure of their use was significantly different (p &lt; 0.05). The highest level of electronic cigarette use, including vapors containing nicotine and electronic nicotine delivery product, were found in the age group of 18 years and younger (58.82%). In the older age groups, a significant decrease in the level of consumption was observed. Chewing tobacco and snuff were consumed by consumers significantly less than other tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco was mainly consumed by consumers aged 18 years and younger, its level was 20.58%. The highest level of waterpipe consumption was found among consumers in the age group of 19 – 29 years (53.85%), it was slightly less in the group of 18 years and younger (44.11%). The higher level of waterpipe consumption was detected (40.35%) among women than it was among men (26.47%). Many consumers indicated that they consumed several types of tobacco and nicotine-containing products. The most popular combination of products was found among consumers under the age of 30, and 20.59% of consumers aged 18 and younger consumed at the same time almost all the types of tobacco and nicotine-containing products that were presented on the market.Conclusion. The study revealed new trends in preferences for consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products. The new trends have significantly changed the structure of the consumption of these products among the population of Russian Federation.

China Stroke Statistics 2019: A Report From the National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, the Chinese Stroke Association, National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Institute for Global Neuroscience and Stroke Collaborations

China faces the greatest challenge from stroke in the world. The death rate for cerebrovascular diseases in China was 149.49 per 100 000, accounting for 1.57 million deaths in 2018....