College students face a variety of deep learning dilemmas in the context of smart education, including the lack of learning motivation and self-efficacy, insufficient or excessive application of information technology, limitations of learning resources and environment, and the inconsistency between the education evaluation system and deep learning goals. Accordingly, this paper puts forward some targeted improvement countermeasures, including optimizing teaching design to promote students’ participation and interaction, strengthening teacher training to enhance teachers’ teaching ability, perfecting technology applications to make reasonable use of smart education tools, and establishing an effective evaluation system to reflect and promote deep learning and other targeted improvement countermeasures.