Small Market Share Research Articles

How does competition affect innovation behaviour in french firms?

This paper investigates the relationship between competition and innovation at the firm level. Recent papers (Aghion et al., 2005; Askenazy et al., 2013; Rafique Hashmi, 2013) advocate a non-linear relationship, conciliating the Schumpeterian and Arrowian views. In this paper, the effect of competition on innovation is studied at the firm level using a large dataset for France coming from the annual surveys on R&D, covering the period 2000–2013, where a dummy variable is available for product or process innovation.The econometric results do not confirm the inverted-U shape relationship between the Lerner index and innovation, found by Aghion et al. (2005). This may be due to the use of firm-level data rather than industry-level data. However, for most firms, there is a negative effect of competition on innovation, meaning that more competition in the industry or a small market share has a negative effect on the propensity to innovate, either in products or processes, and the effect seems to be slightly stronger for product than for process innovation.

STRATEGI PERENCANAAN PENINGKATAN PENYALURAN KREDIT DAN PERKEMBANGAN BPRS DI JAWA TIMUR YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BANK INDONESIA

The role of banks in addition to acting as a collector and channeling of funds is also very important in supporting the welfare sector of Small and Medium Enterprises. The level of BPR Sharia competition can be known by looking at the market share of Territory. According to the Banking Act No.10 of 1998, the type of banking industry that runs its business based on sharia principles, which has characteristics closer to the community due to small market share and easy funds. This study aims to classify the research object used is BPR Sharia in East Java. The number of BPR Sharia used in this study amounted to 28 BPR Sharia existing in 18 districts that publish the financial statements regularly in 2017. Through variables CAR, KAP, NPF, BOPO, and FDR. From the above developments data can be grouped in matrix with the provisions in accordance with Bank Indonesia Regulation No.SE.13/1/PBI/2011. cluster 1 is group of BPRS A with fluctuation condition and cluster 2 is group of BPR Sharia B with very good condition. Both clusters have alternative strategies for each BPR Sharia group in increasing lending. Thus in this research will be formulated operational strategy for both groups using SWOT analysis.

STRATEGI PERENCANAAN PENINGKATAN PENYALURAN KREDIT DAN PERKEMBANGAN BPRS DI JAWA TIMUR YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BANK INDONESIA

The role of banks in addition to acting as a collector and channeling of funds is also very important in supporting the welfare sector of Small and Medium Enterprises. The level of BPR Sharia competition can be known by looking at the market share of Territory. According to the Banking Act No.10 of 1998, the type of banking industry that runs its business based on sharia principles, which has characteristics closer to the community due to small market share and easy funds. This study aims to classify the research object used is BPR Sharia in East Java. The number of BPR Sharia used in this study amounted to 28 BPR Sharia existing in 18 districts that publish the financial statements regularly in 2017. Through variables CAR, KAP, NPF, BOPO, and FDR. From the above developments data can be grouped in matrix with the provisions in accordance with Bank Indonesia Regulation No.SE.13/1/PBI/2011. cluster 1 is group of BPRS A with fluctuation condition and cluster 2 is group of BPR Sharia B with very good condition. Both clusters have alternative strategies for each BPR Sharia group in increasing lending. Thus in this research will be formulated operational strategy for both groups using SWOT analysis.

Branding influence on consumer behaviour regarding olive oil

Olive oil is a traditional agricultural product for Greece and holds a remarkable place in the food industry, as well as a great importance for the economic and social life of the country. However, although Greece produces olive oil of high quality, the small market share of branded products hampers the competitiveness of the olive oil sector. Therefore, branding in the olive oil market is emerging as a key factor in boosting the competitiveness of the industry. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the impact of branding on the behaviour of Greek consumers towards olive oil products. The survey involved 488 consumers in Thessaloniki city. According to the research results, based on correlation test and t-test, it has been established that the preference for an olive oil brand is associated with increased brand awareness and higher levels of loyalty. Finally, it was found that higher consumption of olive oil is associated with a higher degree of brand recognition and stronger perceptions of its superiority to competitors. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the enhancement of the competitiveness of the sector, both domestically and internationally, can contribute the adoption of integrated branding strategies aimed at diversifying Greek products from competition, promoting their qualities and attracting long-term loyal customers.

Characterizing the Importance of Criminal Factors Affecting Bus Ridership using Random Forest Ensemble Algorithm

Public transit systems provide mass movement with substantial traffic operational and environmental benefits. Despite these benefits, they still represent a small market share in the United States. A comprehensive understanding of the determinants of transit ridership is essential for investment allocation to improve safety, mobility, and air quality in an urban area. Except socio-economic factors, crime has been identified as a determinant for the ridership. Most studies found that ridership and crime are linearly correlated to each other, whereas other studies believed the level of crime can result in a nonlinear effect on the ridership. The relationship between ridership and crime remains inconclusive. Besides, the simultaneous relationship between ridership and crime is scarcely addressed and most ridership studies only include one or a few external factors that affect crime opportunity. This paper proposes a random-forest-based feature selection method to characterize the importance of multiple variables, to bus ridership and total crime, respectively, at different levels. A case study in Houston, Texas, USA, for the year 2017 is provided to illustrate the feature selection and modeling process. A total of 110,885 crimes, ridership on 9004 bus stops, and related socio-economic information were collected. Results indicated that a medium or lower level of ridership is positively correlated to crime; the linear relationship can be broken down at a high level; and reducing the total crime per capita can promote bus ridership. Random-forest-based models were developed with the selected determinants, performing with high accuracy in ridership per capita estimates.

Global M&A and the Development of the IC Industry Ecosystem in China: What Can We Learn from the Case of Tsinghua Unigroup?

The integrated circuit (IC) industry is the foundation of the information industry, and its level of development is an important manifestation of the economic and technological strength of a country. At present, the IC industry is primarily monopolised by developed countries. Although China is the world’s largest consumer of semiconductors, it has a disproportionately small international market share of production and a very low domestic chip self-sufficiency rate, lagging far behind Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The process of promoting the development of China’s IC industry ecosystem is discussed based on a case study of Tsinghua Unigroup and the observation and analysis of its recent international mergers and acquisitions. The resulting conclusions suggest valuable mechanisms that could benefit the technological improvement of late-developing countries and help them close the gap with more developed countries. Relevant theory for the industrial ecosystem is enriched, providing a useful reference for the development of the IC industry in late-developing countries.

Analysis of agribusiness value chains servicing small-holder dairy farming communities in Punjab, Pakistan: three case studies

The agriculture sector in Pakistan, as in most developing countries, is dominated by smallholder producers. Pakistan has the world’s third largest dairy industry, and milk is efficiently collected and distributed chiefly by informal value chains that market the raw product with minimal cool chain infrastructure. Formal processors have a small market share of 5%. Interview data from farmers, milk collectors and consumers from three rural-urban case study value chains were analysed to study opportunities and challenges faced by the dairy industry. Compositional analysis of milk samples (n=84) collected along these chains identified the fact that in Pakistan informal milk chains provide a cheaper source of calories for the final consumer than industrialised milk chains (USD 0.12 compared USD 0.15 per 100 calories). These three chains created an estimated 4,872 jobs from farm to market and provided access to interest-free credit for the farmers. The existing government price setting mechanism at the retail end and collusion by large processors to set farm gate prices provided significant limitations to the profitability of small-holder farms providing the product. The absence of quality and quantity standards, amid the exchange of huge numbers of small volumes of milk along these chains, are major impediments to industry growth.

A Coupled Dynamic Model of Brand Acceptance and Promotive Information Spreading

When people try to decide to buy or not to, they are often influenced by both their inherent opinions and the social marketing activities e.g. advertising, social news with strong point of view. Then people will make their final choice, or even convince other people to buy. After all, this is the brand acceptance formation process. Factually, the dynamics of brand acceptance is essentially an interwoven dynamics of endogenous opinion dynamics disturbed by an information diffusion process. To have a better understanding of the dynamics of brand acceptance, we propose and analyze a coupled agent-based dynamic model that combines the Majority-Rule-based Voter model in opinion dynamics with the SI Model for information spreading to analyze the dynamics of brand acceptance in social media. We focus on two important parameters in diffusion dynamics: the decayed transmission rate (β) and the diffusion frequency (f). When the system is stable, the order parameter of the system is the duration time (τ). In the absence of opinion interaction, the simulation results indicate that, when a brand tries to occupy a larger market share through social marketing approaches, it is always effective to let the opponent to be the propaganda target. While with the Majority-Rule-based Voter Model included, we observe that the opinion interaction could have a dual function, which shows that a brand holding a small market share in the first place needs to adopt diverse marketing approaches according to different marketing environment types.

Competing Across Platforms: Antecedents of Platform Mobility

Competition at the platform-level coevolves with that at the complementor level –while complementors’ cross-platform mobility affects platform level success, the uncertainty surrounding the emergence of the dominant platform also affects complementors’ mobility decisions. In this study, we investigate the impact of the installed-base gap between Android and iOS on app developers’ decisions to move across platforms. We argue that Apple’s iOS pursues a more quality-driven strategy, and thus as Android catches up with iOS in terms of growing installed bases (of both hardware and software), there are uncertainties regarding which of the two will become the dominant platform. As the market evolves, however, it becomes clear that iOS can sustain its competitive advantages despite the smaller market share. We find the increasing gap between installed bases of Android and iOS has an inverted-U effect on iOS developers’ likelihood of moving to Android. Moreover, low performers and younger app-developers on iOS are more sensitive to such uncertainties and thus have been the primary contributors to the inverted-U shaped mobility pattern. In contrast, mobility from the Android to the iOS market does not show the same or an opposite pattern. Superior performance is more important for developers moving from Android to iOS (than the other direction of developers moving from iOS to Android). This is because mobility from the quantity-driven platform (Android) to the quality-driven one (iOS) is mainly motivated by the desire to target at a more lucrative, though more demanding, platform market, thus needs to be facilitated by higher performance.

Zmiany w morskiej turystyce wycieczkowej w Gdyni

Turystyka morska należy do najszybciej rozwijającego się rodzaju turystyki i przynosi znaczne dochody miastom i portom, które ją rozwijają. Rejsy wycieczkowe po Bałtyku stanowią ok. 20% całego morskiego wycieczkowego ruchu turystycznego. Jednak porty polskie, jak pokazuje przykład Gdyni, mają w tym niewielki udział. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy zmian w wielkości ruchu statków wycieczkowych i liczby turystów przybywających na nich do Gdyni. Podjęte badania mają na celu ocenę i wskazanie kierunku zmian w morskim ruchu turystycznym w Gdyni w latach 1997–2016. Przedmiotem badań są zmiany liczby wizyt statków wycieczkowych i turystów w porcie gdyńskim. Dane do analizy wielkości ruchu wycieczkowców pochodzą z raportów i informacji z Zarządu Portu Gdynia S.A. w Gdyni oraz z cytowanej w pracy literatury. W pracy wykorzystano proste, klasyczne metody statystyczne, w tym analizę zmian wielkości ruchu turystycznego w poszczególnych latach. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala wskazać na zdecydowany spadek liczby wizyt wycieczkowców w Gdyni w badanym okresie przy stabilizacji liczby turystów na poziomie 80–90 tys. w ostatnich czterech latach. Jednak ta liczba wynika z faktu wizyt większych cruiserów w ostatnich latach, niż miało to miejsce wcześniej. Peryferyjne w stosunku do głównych bałtyckich tras turystyki morskiej położenie portu w Gdyni i brak znaczących inwestycji w infrastrukturę portową na potrzeby turystyki morskiej prowadzi do stabilizacji wielkości ruchu turystycznego na obecnym poziomie.

The further opening up of China’s financial sector

ABSTRACTSince the introduction of reform and opening-up policies, China has made great progress through a continued focus on the ‘troika’, the opening up of the financial sector, a market-oriented exchange rate regime, and the relaxation of foreign exchange regulation. In spite of this progress, the relative openness of China’s financial sector remains fairly low. Foreign financial institutions have a relatively small market share in China and still face restrictions regarding ownership and scope of business, the breadth and depth of financial market is to be further developed, and institutional environment requires further improvements in areas such as accounting, auditing, and taxation. In this next phase of development, China should continue to pursue coordinated progress in the ‘troika’, further open up financial sector through adopting Pre-establishment National Treatment (PENT) and a negative list, and step up risk prevention in the meantime.

Does Trade Reporting Improve Market Quality in an Institutional Market? Evidence from 144a Corporate Bonds

We study the effect of public transaction reporting on trading activity, trade execution costs, and dealer behavior for Rule 144A corporate bonds that are primarily traded by institutional investors. TRACE reporting had no measurable impact on bond turnover, or the dealers’ willingness to hold inventory positions, participate in interdealer trades, or facilitate block transactions. Transaction costs decrease following trade reporting by approximately 10% with large reductions observed for block transactions and bonds with lower dealer competition. Small dealers gain market share and close the trading cost advantage enjoyed by large dealers. Our evidence suggests that even institutional traders benefit from improved transparency, particularly when competition among dealers is weak.

Assessing the market power of mineral commodity producers

The major producers of most mineral commodities possess large market shares and so can raise the market price by restricting their output. For this reason, many assume that they possess market power. However, this article argues that there are two necessary conditions for market power: a market share sufficient to raise the market price is the first; the second is the incentive to do so. Firms that fulfill the first condition do not necessarily satisfy the second. This is because maximizing profits this year by restricting output and raising the market price usually has negative consequences for future profits. In particular, a price higher than the competitive price over time reduces market demand below what it otherwise would be by encouraging consumers to switch to substitute materials and to introduce material-saving new technologies. The higher price also encourages rival firms to increase their capacity and output. The result is a smaller market share and lower, even possibly negative, profits in the future. Failure to recognize the second necessary condition for market power provides a plausible explanation for the widespread perception that the major mineral producers—both firms and countries—possess substantial market power, even where hard evidence of such power is lacking.

A loss averse competitive newsvendor problem with anchoring

We study a loss averse competitive newsvendor problem with anchoring under prospect theory. We consider two demand-splitting rules for quantity competition, including proportional demand allocation and demand reallocation. We characterize the optimal order quantity decisions under both demand rules. We find that the newsvendor’s order quantity is decreasing with the degree of loss aversion and the value of the anchor. Compared with an integrated risk-neutral supply chain, a positive anchor always leads to inventory understocking, whereas a negative anchor may result in a serious overstocking. Under competition with homogeneous newsvendors, competition always makes newsvendors order more, which does not necessarily lead to a loss of profit. For newsvendors with a high anchor, competition helps to prevent understocking caused by the anchoring effect, which leads to an increase in profit. For newsvendors with a low anchor, competition exacerbates overstocking, which results in a loss of profit. Under competition with heterogeneous newsvendors, a newsvendor with a higher degree of loss aversion or with a higher anchor adopts a more conservative strategy (i.e. choose a lower order quantity), which results in a smaller market share.

Trade Credit Financing Under Competition and Its Impact on Firm Performance in Supply Chains

Using a dyadic panel data set that links U.S. suppliers with their major buyers, we study how trade credit responds to various types of competition in supply chains, as well as the impact of trade credit on firm performance. We find that suppliers with smaller market share are associated with more trade credit, confirming that suppliers with weak market power use trade credit as a competitive tool. Next, we find that buyers with larger market share are associated with more trade credit, whereas suppliers selling to a concentrated buyer base are associated with less trade credit; by differentiating competition in buyers’ markets from competition between supply chain partners, we show that the two types of competition have different impacts on trade credit. In studying the impact of trade credit on firm performance, we make the distinction between an industry-average trade credit and an individual supply chain’s deviation from such an industry average. When suppliers offer trade credit at their industry-average level, this action facilitates trade and, thus, is positively associated with both parties’ performance; conversely, when suppliers are more aggressive in their trade credit strategy than the industry average, then the excess trade credit is negatively associated with buyer performance. One managerial message from our research is that buyers should be cautious about trade credit far exceeding the industry-average level. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0640 . This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Issue on Interface of Finance, Operations, and Risk Management.

PEMILIHAN UNIVERSITAS FAVORIT SISWA MADRASAH ALIYAH AL-ISLAMIYAH DI JAKARTA BARAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MARKOV CHAIN

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of transfer of interest at class XII student at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Islamiyah in West Jakarta to five favorite namely UIN, BINUS, UNJ, UI and UMN in the next period and to discover the source of reference selection and assessment of student on the fifth university. Sample consists of 39 class XII student at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Islamiyah in West Jakarta, with the methods and type of survey of survey research is descriptive research. The result is a prediction of the five university in order in the next period of (0.5135, 0.1008, 0.2077, 0.078, 0.1) and the selection of a reference source that is 0.62 of brand image, 0.583 of the promotional events, 0.582 from friends and 0.54 of the university security. Largest market share held by UIN enthusiasts of 51%, while the smallest market share owned by UI enthusiasts is equal to 8%.<br />Keywords: Markov Chain, Favorite, Madrasah Aliyah Al-Islamiyah (MA), West Jakarta, University

Toughing it out: 3D printing hard wearing parts

Currently, steel alloy powder produced for additive manufacturing has a relatively small market share. A new development from advanced materials company NanoSteel could change all that, says company VP Harald Lemke.

Integrated or decentralized: An analysis of channel structure for green products

This paper focuses on the interaction of channel structure with green product development in a competitive setting. A game-theoretic model is constructed in which one manufacturer sells a green product, whereas another offers a conventional product in a same consumer market. The two manufacturers initially select either the integrated or decentralized channel strategy simultaneously. The green manufacturer subsequently determines the green level of its product. Finally, the two manufacturers compete with each other directly or indirectly through exclusive independent retailers. Our analysis indicates that in equilibrium the conventional manufacturer adopts the decentralized channel strategy to avoid direct competition with the green manufacturer by inserting an independent retailer when the conventional product has a small potential market share and the product substitutability is high. Otherwise, the conventional manufacturer selects the integrated channel strategy to seek channel efficiency. However, the green manufacturer always adopts the integrated channel strategy to pursue channel efficiency because of the opportunity to design an appropriate green level and adjust the market demand for the green product. This additional decision provides the green manufacturer with an alternative tool for competing with its rival. Further analysis reveals that the two manufacturers encounter a prisoner’s dilemma given a relatively high product substitutability. The best result (i.e., the situation in which both manufacturers adopt the decentralized channel strategy) cannot be achieved in equilibrium. We also evaluate the effect of channel structure strategy on total environmental quality.

Contested Tastes: Foie Gras and the Politics of Food. By Michaela DeSoucey. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2016. Pp. xx+270. $29.95.

<i>Contested Tastes: Foie Gras and the Politics of Food</i>. By Michaela DeSoucey. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2016. Pp. xx+270. $29.95.

Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Chinese University Students to Egypt

The rapid growth of China’s outbound tourism market has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. However, literature is still sparse in this concern. Despite the long historic relation between Egypt and China, and the great variety of Egyptian tourism products, Egypt gets a small market share from the Chinese outbound tourism market. This paper presents an analysis for the pull and push travel motivations, which affect the Chinese University Students decision to travel for tourism. This analysis in particular will highlight the push and pull motivations of the potential travellers of Chinese universities students and give a helping hand to the Egyptian decision makers to assess and rebuild an Egyptian Tourism Marketing Strategy towards Chinese university student market segment.