Small Windmill Research Articles

Electricity Generation for Small Scale Industry by Using Exhaust Air

The energy demand of the world has become unbridled in the past years and is augmenting by leaps and bounds. With increase in energy demand, the conventional sources of energy (fossil fuels, nuclear) are encumbered with monumental pressure and hence, the unremitting use of it, leads to dearth of fossil fuels. This has provoked an extensive research into the area of non-conventional energy sources like hydro, wind, thermal energy, etc. Out of these, the wind energy is being discussed in this paper. Wind energy has a lot of potential and advantages but its utilization is restricted due to its irregularity, geographical conditions and its availability. Our primary goal is to suggest an idea that can surmount these conundrums and utilize the wind energy to its maximum extent. This paper deals with the wind energy that can be derived from the wasted wind energy from industrial exhaust fans. The wind force from an exhaust fan can drive a small windmill and the energy generated from it will be stored in energy storage unit. The power stored in the battery can be transmuted into ac with the help of an inverter and then it can be supplied to the load and hence, this wasted power from exhaust fan can be utilized to meet the growing energy demand. Abstract - The energy demand of the world has become unbridled in the past years and is augmenting by leaps and bounds. With increase in energy demand, the conventional sources of energy (fossil fuels, nuclear) are encumbered with monumental pressure and hence, the unremitting use of it, leads to dearth of fossil fuels. This has provoked an extensive research into the area of non-conventional energy sources like hydro, wind, thermal energy, etc. Out of these, the wind energy is being discussed in this paper. Wind energy has a lot of potential and advantages but its utilization is restricted due to its irregularity, geographical conditions and its availability. Our primary goal is to suggest an idea that can surmount these conundrums and utilize the wind energy to its maximum extent. This paper deals with the wind energy that can be derived from the wasted wind energy from industrial exhaust fans. The wind force from an exhaust fan can drive a small windmill and the energy generated from it will be stored in energy storage unit. The power stored in the battery can be transmuted into ac with the help of an inverter and then it can be supplied to the load and hence, this wasted power from exhaust fan can be utilized to meet the growing energy demand.

Nonlinear dual action piezoelectric energy harvester for collecting wind energy from the environment

This paper studies a nonlinear dual-action piezoelectric energy harvester for collecting wind energy from the environment. The components of the device are fan blade, rotating shaft, rotator, rotating body, piezoelectric cantilever beam, exciting magnet, mass magnet. Under the excitation of wind energy in the environment, the rotating shaft rotates, the magnetic force and the strike force act on the piezoelectric cantilever beam respectively. According to the piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric cantilever beam is deformed to produce electric energy. Through theoretical analysis, the formulas of magnetic motion, bending moment, elastic strain, and moment of inertia are obtained. In this experiment, some discussions are made to make it clear whether the magnetic pole of the exciting magnet is the same as the magnetic pole of the mass magnet, the number of exciting magnets, and the distance between the exciting and the mass magnet to ensure the best performance parameters are obtained. The experimental results show that when the working voltage of the blower is 150 V, the exciting magnet and the mass magnet attract each other, the number of exciting magnets is 1, and the distance between the exciting magnet and the mass magnet is 5 mm, the output voltage of the device is the highest and the output voltage is 56 V. If the external resistance is 1500 Ω, the device realizes the maximum output of power. Therefore, small windmills have the potential to collect wind energy as generators and can be widely developed and applied in urban areas.

POWER COEFFICIENT IMPROVEMENT IN BOTTOM QUADRANT OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE WITH DOWNSTREAM DEFLECTORS

One of the significant wellsprings of sustainable power source is wind. To meet the present electrical demand we should capture the maximum wind energy. Availability of small windmills with less efficient in energy capture. In this paper, we will model and simulate power coefficient improvement in bottom deflector optimization with vertical axis wind turbine in ANSYS Fluent a two-dimensional vertical hub wind turbine (VAWT) and computational fluid dynamics (CDF) is used to solve the K-epsilon (RNG). First of all, open rotor design was optimized with the required parameters, to the impact speeding up that had on the turbine execution at the open rotor design 24.7208% achieved maximum efficiency. And the array of curved upstream deflector was used, in order to efficiency improvement at odds with the original rotor design. Arrange of deflector will represent the liquid type stream redirection from the returning turbine sharp edge, results negative torque actuated on the framework diminishes, redirector width edge of 45 and 36 degrees were found improve the exhibition of the turbine by almost 1%.

A study on a U-shaped piezoelectric coupled beam and its corresponding ingenious harvester

In order to harvest ambient renewable or recovery energy, a novel piezoelectric energy harvester which mainly includes vibrators, a rotor and a cylindrical outer casing is presented in this paper. The vibrator is made of a U-shaped bimorph piezoelectric beam with a magnet slab mounted on its free end, and the rotor is a disc with magnet slabs embedded in the grooves along its periphery. The theoretical analysis model of the harvester is established and the mechanical and electrical responses are obtained. The results indicate that the harvester can achieve a maximum response by adjusting the rotor speed to make it work near resonance. As the beam section width or the substrate thickness decreases, or the piezoelectric patch thickness increases, the effective power of the harvester generally increases. On the whole, the substrate thickness has the greatest influence on the responses of the harvester, the piezoelectric patch thickness follows, and the influence of the beam section width is the smallest. In particular, the electric power generated from the harvester can reach 8.19 KW by adjusting the values of the related design parameters, which is comparable to a traditional small windmill generator, and therefore the proposed harvester has an appealing application prospect.

A High Efficient Piezoelectric Windmill using Magnetic Force for Low Wind Speed in Wireless Sensor Networks

An innovative small-scale piezoelectric energy harvester has been proposed to gather wind energy. A conventional horizontal-axis wind power generation has a low generating efficiency at low wind speed. To overcome this weakness, we designed a piezoelectric windmill optimized at low-speed wind. A piezoelectric device having high energy conversion efficiency is used in a small windmill. The maximum output power of the windmill was about 3.14 mW when wind speed was 1.94 m/s. Finally, the output power and the efficiency of the system were compared with a conventional wind power system. This work will be beneficial for the piezoelectric energy harvesting technology to be applied to the real world such as wireless sensor networks (WSN).

CLASSIFICATION OF WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEMS

The paper gives the classification of wind turbines in control systems and information about the modern status and trends of wind equipment development. Moreover, it shows the features of small windmills control and features of aerodynamic control of different wind turbine types. We make the analysis of electronic control o f wind turbines and generalize the control tasks.

Hydrogenated CoOx nanowire@Ni(OH)2 nanosheet core–shell nanostructures for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

We report a facile strategy to prepare 3D core-shell nanowire heterostructures with microporous hydrogenated CoOx (H-CoOx) nanowires as the conducting scaffold to support Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. Benefiting from the H-CoOx nanowire core to provide the effective pathway for charge transport and the core-shell heterostructures with synergistic effects, the H-CoOx@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowire electrode achieved the specific capacitance of 2196 F g(-1) (areal capacitance of 5.73 F cm(-2)), which is approximately a 1.4-fold enhancement compared with the Co3O4@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowires. An aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated by using H-CoOx@Ni(OH)2 nanowires as the positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide @Fe3O4 nanocomposites as the negative electrode. The ASCs achieved high energy density (∼ 45.3 W h kg(-1) at 1010 W kg(-1)), high power density (∼ 7080 W kg(-1) at 23.4 W h kg(-1)) and high cycling stability. Furthermore, after charging for ∼ 1 min, one such 22 cm(2) ASC device demonstrated to be able to drive a small windmill (0.8 V, 0.1 W) for 20 min. Two such ASCs connected in series can power up a seven-color LED (3.2 V) efficiently.

DC Smart Grid Connected with Fuel Charging Station and AC Load by Hybrid MLI

This paper presents the Solar (photo voltaic) power Plant and Windmill plant with DC Smart Grid connected with an DC Fuel Charging Station For Electric Vehicle (EV), Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and converted to AC load for Consumer single or Three phase ac load by means of Hybrid Multilevel Inverter (MLI). Solar Energy which store energy in lithium-ion battery and connected to Smart Grid .Wind Energy which get stored in Lithium-ion battery that Fixed DC Voltage connected with DC Smart Grid. Smart Grid which are Connected with DC Fuel Charging Station in Ring Topology with a certain distance for charging of Electric Vehicle (EV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle with On-Board (Integrated) Charger for faster charging of EV. In Power demand for Consumer the DC load from smart grid converted into an ac load by Hybrid Multilevel Inverter. In Consumers Place the small wind mill and PV panel are installed that energy can be used for consumers load at peak time or power Shutdown .Other than the power shutdown or peak time in the consumers place, stored DC Energy can be fed to Smart Grid. A major development in distribution automation is deployment of smart meters as a gateway between the utility and customer. With such capabilities the smart meter becomes not only a point of measurement of consumed kWh but also a controller capable of bidirectional communications with both the customer and utility. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v3i3.3884

A Study on Water Pumping by Using a Small Multi-Blades Windmill for Used in a Remote Area

The objective of this research is to study the small multi-blades windmill for water pumping by using a studying performance of windmill which has a curvature plate ratio of 0.07 and determine overall efficiency and evaluate economic of the system. The results from the test run of windmill rotor model in the wind tunnel at a wind velocity of 3 m/s, the windmill give maximum power coefficient of 0.296 at a tip speed ratio of 1.18. The results from the test run of the windmill-pump system at 2 m head have an overall efficiency of 0.239 at the wind velocity of 1.2 m/s. The output of 2.38 L/min, which implies a rate of return for water pumping at 0.038 USD per cubicmetre of water base on 10 year-life time of windmill.

Connecting a personal windmill to a site-wide DC BUS

An alternative to energy produced by fossil fuels is wind energy, which is clean and renewable. The bulk of currently available wind power is produced on large wind farms, which are operated by power companies. These wind farms use up vast amount of space and are usually located away from residential areas. One way to make better use of available land would be to allow institutions to install small windmills on their own properties. These small windmills would help to offset the load placed on the grid by the residence. This paper presents a DC-DC converter system for such an application and discusses a control method to inject power from a small wind turbine into a site-wide DC BUS. The converter system has been simulated to study the response due to power fluctuation and the results are presented. A prototype converter has also been built in the laboratory and the performance of the converter system is presented.

113 ビル風を利用した小型風車の運転性能に関する研究 : 最適位置の検討と集風器の効果(流体III)

113 ビル風を利用した小型風車の運転性能に関する研究 : 最適位置の検討と集風器の効果(流体III)

2519 小規模低風速型風車の開発に関する基礎研究 : 風速とトルクの特性(S47-3 自然の流体エネルギー利用技術(風車1),S47 自然の流体エネルギー利用技術)

2519 小規模低風速型風車の開発に関する基礎研究 : 風速とトルクの特性(S47-3 自然の流体エネルギー利用技術(風車1),S47 自然の流体エネルギー利用技術)

市街地風を利用した小型風車の出力予測に関する研究(流体工学I-1)

市街地風を利用した小型風車の出力予測に関する研究(流体工学I-1)

小型風車用翼型の翼端から発生する風切り音の低減に関する研究(流体工学I-1)

小型風車用翼型の翼端から発生する風切り音の低減に関する研究(流体工学I-1)

The trial to the State Diagnosis by Wavelet Transform of a Small Windmill Vibrating Signal

The trial to the State Diagnosis by Wavelet Transform of a Small Windmill Vibrating Signal

Demonstration of a rarefied gas flow induced near the edge of a uniformly heated plate

A new type of a rarefied gas flow, which was found numerically by the research group of the first author, is demonstrated by a simple experiment. It is a steady flow induced by the edge effect of a uniformly heated plate. The experiment is carried out in a standard bell jar, and small windmills are used to detect flows. The flow found by the numerical computation is observed. The cause of the flow is discussed and attributed to the edge effect of the heated plate.

A simple demonstration of a rarefied gas flow induced over a plane wall with a temperature gradient

A simple experiment to demonstrate a rarefied gas flow induced along an unequally heated wall is proposed. A flow along a vertical wall with a downward temperature gradient is detected by a small windmill. Transition from upward natural convection under atmospheric pressure to a downward flow in a rarefied gas is observed.

Assessment and applications of wind energy in Jordan

A technical and economic assessment has been made of the generation of electricity using windmills located at three most promising potential wind sites in Jordan: Ras Muneef (RA), Mafraq (MF), and Aqaba (AQ). The assessment was made for two different systems, one using a relatively large single windmill and the other using 25 small windmills arranged in a wind farm. The power output of each system at each site was determined, and the electricity-generating costs in each case were also determined and compared with the generating costs of generating electricity using steam or gas turbines, furnished by the Jordanian Electricity Authority (JEA). Finally, the possibility of water pumping from 30-m and 100-m deep wells using a windmill is investigated and the quantities of water pumping from these depths at each of the three sites are given.

Performance Testing of Small Interconnected Wind Systems

There is a need for performance information on small windmills intended for interconnected operation with utility distribution service. The owner or prospective buyer needs the data to estimate economic viability and service reliability, while the utility needs it to determine interconnection arrangements, maintain quality of power delivered by its line, and to answer customer inquiries. No existing testing program provides all the information needed, although the Rocky Flats test site comes close. To fill this need for Michigan, Consumers Power Company and the Michigan Electric Cooperative Association helped support a two-year program at Michigan State University involving extensive performance testing of an Enertech 1500 and a 4-kW Dakota with a Gemini inverter. The performance study suggested measurements necessary to characterize SWECS for interconnected operation. They include SWECS energy output to a-c line, miles of wind passing the rotor, var-hour metering for average var consumption, and recording watt, current, and voltmeters to assess SWECS output variability. Added instruments for waveform measurement (to assess power quality) are also needed. Typical data taken at the MSU test site are used to illustrate the techniques and preliminary data from a current project is given. Finally, conclusions about SWECS performance are listed.

Chancen der Windenergienutzung

The exploitation of wind energy, being one of the nonconventional regenerative energy sources, got an increasing interest since about six years. The assessment of the economic situation is still complicated, not only concerning small windmills for the private user (power range up to 10kW) but also the large power plants (MW range) designed to supply electric energy to the national grids. Reason of this situation is the lack of complete meteorological data at locations considered to be suitable and the development of the wind energy converters being still on the way. Exploitation of wind energy including the estimation of economy must be in developing countries a part of a national energy strategy.