Small Shrimp Research Articles

Strategi Pengembangan Produk Melalui Analisis Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT) Pada Industri Rumahan Kerupuk Udang Kwanyar

This research aims to determine the description of the small shrimp cracker industry in Kwanyar District and analyze the appropriate development strategy to be applied to the shrimp cracker small industry in Kwanyar District. This research was conducted in Kwanyar Barat Village with 5 informants. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The research instrument was conducted by interview, observation and documentation methods. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and uses swot analysis to analyze the internal and external environment of the Kwanyar Shrimp Cracker Home Business. The results show that the strategies that can be used are to produce more shrimp crackers, maintain a distinctive taste, sell at low prices, and increase promotions.

Integration of satellite image-derived temperature and water depth for assessing fish habitability in dam controlled flood plain wetland.

The present study attempted to investigate the changes in temperature conducive to fish habitability during the summer months in a hydrologically modified wetland following damming over a river. Satellite image-driven temperature and depth data calibrated with field data were used to analyse fish habitability and the presence of thermally optimum habitable zones in some fishes, such as labeo rohita, cirrhinus mrigala, tilapia fish, small shrimp, and catfish. The study was conducted both at the water's surface and at the optimum depth of survival. It is very obvious from the analysis that a larger part of the wetland has become an area that destroyed aquatic habitat during the post-dam period, and existing wetlands have suffered significant shallowing of water depth. This has resulted in a shrinking of the thermally optimum area of fish survival in relation to surface water temperature (from 100.09 to 74.24 km2 before the dam to 93.97 to 0 km2 after the dam) and an improvement in the optimum habitable condition in the comfortable depth niche of survival. In the post-dam period, it increased from 75.49 to 99.76%. Since the damming effect causes a 30.53 to 100% depletion of the optimum depth niche, improving the thermal environment has no effect on fish habitability. More water must be released from dams for restoration. Image-driven depth and temperature data calibrated with field information has been successfully applied in data sparse conditions, and it is further recommended in future work.

KETERSEDIAAN INPUT DARI LINGKUNGAN PADA AGROBISNIS BUDIDAYA IKAN TOMAN DALAM KARAMBA DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA

The availability of inputs is very decisive in the sustainability of the Toman fish farming business in karamba where the availability of the necessary inputs must be available continuously, both investment and operational. The problem faced by cultivators is the lack of seed availability for cultivation and the difficulty of obtaining fish feed in the form of small fish and small shrimp. This study used a survey method at a purposive research location in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. Results of the study: 1. The availability of inputs and infrastructure for toman fish cultivation in karamba, was fulfilled from HSU Regency in South Kalimantan Province and East Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. 2. Supporting facilities for Toman fish cultivation in karamba that can be accessed by Toman fish cultivators are counseling on the technicalities of toman fish cultivation by the government and higher education institutions (Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, ULM), as well as seed assistance from the government.

Effects of Brazilin Contained in Caesalpinia sappan L on The Properties of Fish Paste from Ponyfish (Leiognathus sp)

Fish paste is one of fisheries products made by fermentation of small shrimp or non economically fishes and became popular in Indonesia as a condiment related rich in umami taste. Fish paste from different region have not same appearance and nutritional as result of processing variety such as raw material, composition and fermentation time. Most people think that the reddish brown fish paste color tends to be more attractive than the brown or blackish brown ones. This study aims to investigate the effect of brazilin extract of the dried heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L (BEC) on the physiochemical properties of fish paste from ponyfish (FPP). The powder of BEC was extracted using solution contain 96% ethanol and 1% HCl with ratio of the dried heartwood (in sawdust form) and solution are about 1:5. FPP was produced using three different concentration of BEC: 5%; 7.5%; 10% and without BEC (0%) as a control treatment. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Kruskall-Wallis. Addition of the 5% and 10% BEC in fish paste resulted in lower lightness and higher redness compared with control (p<0.05). The 7.5% of BEC resulted significant difference (p<0.05) to color compared other treatments with Hue value test ranges from 18-540 (indicates high red color). The other parameters such as moisture content, amount of Lactic Acid Bacteria and sensory attributes did not show any difference. In conclusion, the 7.5% of BEC exhibited the effectiveness in color performance and sensory attributes in FPP.

Biochemical Characteristics of small shrimp (Acetes japonicus) of varied sizes collected in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam

Small shrimp (Acetes japonicus) is a common ingredient in various dried and fermented dishes on Asian countries. In this study, we explored the nutritional qualities of small shrimps with respect to their body length. The shrimp materials were harvested from near-shore waters of Ben Tre province, Vietnam. Various measures including mineral, lipid, salt and astaxanthin content of small shrimps of three size groups including small, medium, and large were evaluated. Current results indicate high salt content of small, medium, and large shrimp, at 23.74 ± 0.01, 24.09 ± 0.01, and 27.97 ± 1.38 mg/g dry basis, respectively. The mineral content seemed to be irrelevant to body size. Large and medium shrimps showed higher lipid content than the small counterpart. However, small shrimps are advantageous in terms of astaxanthin content. Further studies should contemplate nutritional quality with respect to harvest area and dietary scheme.

Shrimp count size: GC/MS-based metabolomics approach and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) reveal the importance of size in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

"Count size" is a term used to represent the number of shrimps in one pound or kilogram that applies globally in the shrimp industry. Based on shrimp body weight, count sizes range over the smallest (> 70) up to the largest size (U15) of shrimp. Large shrimps are considered highly palatable; therefore, they are priced higher than the small shrimps. However, the pricing of shrimp has not been based on scientific findings since there have been no studies reporting the correlation between shrimp quality and shrimp size. In this study, we aimed to investigate the importance of shrimp size in terms of metabolite profile and sensory properties. Nine groups of Litopenaeus vannamei, categorized based on their body weight similarity, were collected from various sampling sites regardless of the difference in days of culture (count size 16/20, 21/25, 26/30, 41/50, and 51/60). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics analysis was employed to characterize their metabolite profiles. Furthermore, a robust PLS regression model was constructed to predict the shrimp size using metabolome data. Following this, the difference in sensory attributes among commercial shrimp count sizes 21/25-41/50 was confirmed using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). Small shrimp (> 70-51/60) had higher accumulation of proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, sugars, and organic acids compared to large shrimps (41/50-16/20). The QDA of commercial count sizes (21/25-41/50) performed by trained panelists showed that sweetness, juiciness, crispness, and red color attributes increased with an increase in shrimp size. Based on the PLS model, proline as a sweet-tasting metabolite also showed an increased level along with the shrimp size. These findings demonstrate the importance of shrimp count size with regard to shrimp quality.

Distribution and Some Traits of Biology of Sculpins of Genus Triglops (Cottidae) in the Sea of Japan

It was revealed that the southern border of the range of spectacled sculpin Triglops scepticus runs in the region of 37°23′ N. It has been confirmed that the southern border of the range of Jordan’s sculpin T. jordani is located in the South Korean waters; of ribbed sculpin T. pingelii range, in the North Korean waters. In the Russian waters of the Sea of ​​Japan, Jordan’s sculpin occurs at depths of 14–230 m and water temperature of –1–13.8°C; ribbed sculpin, 30–424 m and –0.3–9.7°C; spectacled sculpin, 57–586 m and 0.3–4.3°C, respectively. In the warm period, the concentrations are somewhat shifted towards shallow waters; in the cold period, towards deep waters. The body length and weight of one-sized individuals increase with the degree of deep-water preference. The body length of Jordan’s sculpin reaches 20 cm; of ribbed sculpin, 23 cm; of spectacled sculpin, 26 cm. In all three species, females are larger than males. Females dominate populations of Jordan’s and ribbed sculpins while in spectacled sculpin the share of males is higher. In the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan spectacled and ribbed sculpins are planktivores consuming mainly hyperiids and euphasiids while Jordan’s sculpin is nectobenthivore with food dominated by mysids and small shrimps. During the spring—summer period mean values of daily rations of adult specimens of Jordan’s, ribbed and spectacled sculpins are 3.3, 2.4 and 1.8% of body weight, respectively. The biomass of g. Triglops species in the Russian zone of the Sea of Japan is about 2100 tonnes.

Learned valuation during forage decision-making in cuttlefish.

Decision-making, when humans and other animals choose between two options, is not always based on the absolute values of the options but can also depend on their relative values. The present study examines whether decision-making by cuttlefish is dependent on relative values learned from previous experience. Cuttlefish preferred a larger quantity when making a choice between one or two shrimps (1 versus 2) during a two-alternative forced choice. However, after cuttlefish were primed under conditions where they were given a small reward for choosing one shrimp in a no shrimp versus one shrimp test (0 versus 1) six times in a row, they chose one shrimp significantly more frequently in the 1 versus 2 test. This reversed preference for a smaller quantity was not due to satiation at the time of decision-making, as cuttlefish fed a small shrimp six times without any choice test prior to the experiment still preferred two shrimps significantly more often in a subsequent 1 versus 2 test. This suggests that the preference of one shrimp in the quantity comparison test occurs via a process of learned valuation. Foraging preference in cuttlefish thus depends on the relative value of previous prey choices.

KUALITAS DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI CINCALOK TERHADAP BAKTERI PATOGEN SELAMA WAKTU FERMENTASI

Cincalok is a typical West Kalimantan fermented food made from small shrimp called rebon with addition of rice and salt. Cincalok fermentation is shown by the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have ability to be antibacterial against pathogenic bacteria. The ability of LAB to inhibit pathogenic bacteria can be seen from the appearance of the inhibition zone around agar media. Research conducted using cincalok during fermentation on day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to see the ability of inhibition and the viability of LAB in cincalok then also conducted tests that included pH value, total acid, protein, total volatile base (TVB), and organoleptic tests. The result of this research showed that cincalok is able to inhibit the Escherichia coli bacteria with the largest inhibitory zone area on day 14. Fermentation time variation affects the antibacterial activity against E. coli, LAB viability, pH value, total acid, protein content and TVB of cincalok.

Organisms carrying the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and some factors affect the microsporidian disease in brackish water shrimp

The microsporidian parasite (Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei - EHP) causes disease related to slow growth in the brackish water shrimp. The disease is determined to be transmitted both vertically (from broodstock to offspring) and horizontally (from infected individuals to heathy ones). This paper reviewed informations from both national and international publications reporting to the EHP cariers which could transmitte EHP to shrimp and some factors that affect EHP disease. The results showed that 15 species could be EHP carriers; those were shrimp (5 species), zooplankton (04 species), crab, eggs shrimps, small shrimps, snail, oysters and polychaete (1 species). EHP has been reported to exist in water, pond bottom and shrimp feces where there was not the present of host or carrier cell. Several factors affecting EHP have been recorded including farming season, age of shrimp, species of shrimp and white feces syndrome.

Assessing anthropogenic disturbance in Estero de Urías coastal lagoon through the lens of annelid distribution

The coastal lagoon Estero de Urías is subjected to several anthropogenic activities and was characterized in 1997 and 2008 through the study of benthic annelids. To reveal the current degree of perturbation, the spatial and temporal distributions of polychaete families and oligochaetes were analyzed. Sediment samples were collected in 2016 and 2017 from six collection sites located downstream of a shrimp farm, small shrimp farms surrounded by mangroves, a thermoelectric plant, a fish processing factory, domestic sewage, and a harbor for fishing fleets. ANOVA revealed significant temporal differences in annelid abundance, but no spatial differences. The Pearson correlations among abundance and environmental variables, a nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination plot, and a SIMPER analysis did not show clear distribution patterns over the study area. Correlations (Spearman Rank) between common taxa and environmental variables indicated higher dependence of temperature, followed by depth and organic matter on most of these taxa. A canonical correspondence analysis using the abundance of the characteristic species and the environmental variables showed no clear associations among sites. The consistent presence of Capitellidae, Spionidae, Cirratulidae, and Nereididae suggests that the entire system was in a perturbed state during the study period. This differs from the previous characterizations, when different degrees of perturbation were clearly identified and related to each anthropogenic source. The slightly or nonperturbed zones previously detected have been degraded as small farms, tourism, and fishing fleets have increased; however, this interpretation should be considered tentative due to our study's small sample sizes and lack of salinity measurements.

Susceptibility of five different sizes of pathogenfree Litopenaeus vannamei to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by intramuscular inoculation

White spot syndrome virus (WWSV) has become one of the most widespread causes of mortality in commercial shrimp farming. In the present study, we used PCR to determine the shrimp infectious dose 50% endpoint (SID50 ml-1) of a Chinese isolate of WSSV in 5 different sizes of pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei inoculated intramuscularly. The lethal dose 50% endpoint (LD50 ml-1) was also determined from the percentage of dead shrimp. The LD50 ml-1 for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm shrimp were 104.68, 105.7, 106.70, 107.75, and 108.81, respectively, and the SID50 ml-1 were 104.68, 105.70, 106.90, 107.75, and 108.94, respectively. There was no significant difference between the LD50 ml-1 and SID50 ml-1 for each shrimp size, which indicated that all infected shrimp died. The lethal and infectious titer decreased about 1 log10 as shrimp size decreased 1 grade. These data clearly indicate that adult shrimp were more susceptible to WSSV than juvenile shrimp. The horizontal comparison showed that the amount of virus in the shrimp organs increased over the experimental period. The vertical comparison showed that virus quantity was lowest in the organs of 10 cm shrimp and highest in 2 cm shrimp, which indicates that the smaller shrimp had higher levels of viral replication. Hence, the optimal size for WSSV challenge in shrimp inoculated intramuscularly was 2 cm. The determination of virus titers in different sizes of shrimp represents a step towards creating strategies to reduce the negative impacts of WSSV in the aquaculture industry.

Morphological description of the first protozoeal stage of the deep-sea shrimps Aristeus antennatus and Gennadas elegans, with a key

Accurate information on commercial marine species larvae is key to fisheries science, as their correct identification is the first step towards studying the species’ connectivity patterns. In this study, we provide a complete morphological description of the first protozoeal stage of the valued deep-sea blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus and of the small mesopelagic shrimp Gennadas elegans. These two larval morphologies previously posed a risk of misidentification, thus hindering the study of A. antennatus larval ecology and dynamics in the context of fisheries science. Using specimens caught in the plankton at various locations in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea and identification confirmed by molecular methods, the larvae of A. antennatus and G. elegans are distinguished from each other by the ornamentation of the antennula. A possible confusion in previous descriptions of Aristeidae larvae is addressed and a new key for the identification of Dendrobranchiata larvae provided.

Identification of Copper-Binding Peptides and Investigation of Functional Properties of Acetes japonicus Proteolysate

In this research, two copper-binding peptides were identified in the proteolysate of Acetes japonicus. Firstly, the examination of the effects of hydrolysis conditions including enzyme type, pH, temperature, enzyme:substrate (E:S) ratio and hydrolysis time on the copper-binding capacity (CBC) was carried out. Secondly, to optimize the hydrolysis, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied via E:S ratio and hydrolysis time for maximizing the CBC of the proteolysate. After that, the amino acid composition and functional properties of the proteolysate was evaluated. Simultaneously, before being tested for CBC, four peptide fractions of 10–30 kDa, 3–10 kDa, 1–3 kDa, and < 1 kDa were recovered from the proteolysate using ultrafiltration. Finally, mass spectrometer / mass spectrometer (MS/MS) was used to determine molecular weight and amino acid sequence of bioactive peptide. The result showed that when using Flavourzyme, pH 6, 60 °C, E:S ratio of 40.33 U/g protein and hydrolysis time of 4.15 h, CBC reached its peak at 2699.72 µgCu2+/g protein. Proteolysate, of which Leu was the major amino acid, the indispensible amino acids comprised of approximately 40% total amino acid content. The proteolysate also exerted great solubility, heat stability, foaming and emulsifying property, oil and water holding capacity (OHC and WHC, respectively). The 1–3 kDa fraction exhibited the highest CBC of 2754.73 ± 91.87 μg Cu2+/g protein, from which two peptides (Asp-Tyr-Met-Leu-Pro-Thr-Asp-Lys-Tyr-Pro-His (1378.6 Da) and Gly-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Asp-Ala-Asp-Ser-Val-Asn-Phe-Pro-Val-His-Gly (1620.7 Da)) were detected. This is the first time that the copper affinity peptides were recovered from the small shrimp that could be utilized as a natural source for copper enhancement.

Pupillary response to light in three species of Cubozoa (box jellyfish)

Pupillary response under varying conditions of bright light and darkness was compared in three species of Cubozoa with differing ecologies. Maximal and minimal pupil area in relation to total eye area was measured and the rate of change recorded. In Carukia barnesi, the rate of pupil constriction was faster and final constriction greater than in Chironex fleckeri, which itself showed faster and greater constriction than in Chiropsella bronzie. We suggest this allows for differing degrees of visual acuity between the species. We propose that these differences are correlated with variations in the environment which each of these species inhabit, with Ca. barnesi found fishing for larval fish in and around waters of structurally complex coral reefs, Ch. fleckeri regularly found acquiring fish in similarly complex mangrove habitats, while Ch. bronzie spends the majority of its time in the comparably less complex but more turbid environments of shallow sandy beaches where their food source of small shrimps is highly aggregated and less mobile.

Spatio-temporal niche of dominant shrimp species in the Zhongjieshan Islands Marine Protected Area, China

To understand the characteristics and living conditions of shrimp population in the Zhongjieshan Islands Marine Protected Area (MPA), according to the trawl survey data of the area in January, April, July and October 2018, we analyzed the spatio-temporal niche of dominant shrimp species based on the indices of relative importance, Shannon index, Pianka formula and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that 16 shrimp species from 10 families and 13 genera were collected and identified. Palaemon gravier, Solenocera crassicorni, Alpheus distinguendus, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii and Alpheus japonicus were dominant species, belonging to four fami-lies and four genera. The temporal niche breadth of the dominant species varied greatly, while their spatial niche breadth was stable. The temporal niche breadth was significantly correlated with temperature suitability. The spatio-temporal niche breadth value of A. japonicus, the small shrimps, was highest. The temporal niche overlap value between P. hardwickii and S. crassicornis was the largest, indicating that the time synchronization was high and the seasonal competition was severe. There was a significant spatial niche overlap in all dominant species, indicating that the dominant species of shrimp had the same spatial homology, with strong regional competition. The spatio-temporal niche overlap value between P. hardwickii and P. gravieri was the largest, indicating that they had high similarities in physical and biological environment selecting, spawning and migratory habits, and fierce inter-specific competition. Our results could provide reference for the application of spatio-temporal niche of marine organisms.

PRODUCTION OF MEAGRE IN EARTHEN PONDS

The present study investigated the effect of rearing the meagre, Argyrosomus regius in brackish-water pond aquaculture without using supplementary feeding in the Mediterranean area near Damietta City during June, 2017 to June, 2018, Fingerlings of mean length 13.0cm and 40.0 g weight were stocked in brackish-water pond measuring 1 feddan and 1.25 m deep at a rate of 4000 fish/ feddan in a monoculture system on natural occurring prey (natural spawned tilapia) and small shrimp. Temperature varied from 21.0 – 30.8°C; pH, 7.4– 8.9; Dissolved Oxygen (DO), 4.0 – 5.0 mg /L and salinity, 16.0 – 18.8 ppt during the study. Meagre, attained average final length 40 cm/ fish and average final weight 1500g / fish at harvest with an increment of 1460.0g/ fish and a daily gain of 4.0g/ fish. Average survival rate was 80% and net production was 4640.0kg/ feddan. The results revealed that the cost of feeds accounted for the largest proportion (68.55%) of the total cost of fish production,then fingerlings (8.56%), rent (3.35%) and labor (12.60%). This is followed by cost of fixed input and variable coast (12%). This experiment demonstrated the possibility of cultivation of A. regius as well as the higher commercial value where better net return (54.48 LE /feddan) was recorded with investment return of 23.33 LE / return LE cost. The results of the study indicated meagre as a promising candidate for the brackish water pond aquaculture.

Sexual maturity of the small shrimp Potimirim brasiliana Villalobos, 1959 (Crustacea, Atyidae), from the southeastern coast of Brazil

The shrimp Potimirim brasiliana plays an important role in streams along the Brazilian coast as it feeds on the organic debris from the surrounding ecosystem. We determined the morphological sexual maturity of P. brasiliana by means of relative growth. Monthly throughout a year, we used sieves (2 mm mesh diameter) to collect the specimens in a coastal stream. A total of 3,521 specimens had their carapace length (CL) measured, as well as their second pleura length (PL) and the length (AML) and width (AMW) of the appendix masculina. The studied relationships were the following: CL vs. PL; CL vs. AML and CL vs. AMW, with the data adjusted to a logistic equation. All the relationships tested among the demographic groups differed statistically. The CL50 of females measured 3.45 mm, while the CL50 of males measured 2.75 mm. Two adult morphological groups were set apart for each sex. The CL vs. AMW relationship is the best at demonstrating the separation of the morphological groups for males. This fact is an intriguint issue as it suggests the presence of morphotypes in males, probably, playing different roles in the reproductive process.&#x0D;

Investigation of Calcium-Binding Capacity and Functional Properties of Acetes Japonicus Protein Hydrolysate

Calcium-binding capacity (CaBC), amino acid profile and functional properties of proteolysate derived from Acetes japonicus were evaluated in this research. Firstly, effect of hydrolysis parameters including enzyme type, enzyme to substrate (E:S) ratio and hydrolysis time on the CaBC of the proteolysate was examined using single factor test method. Then, amino acid component and technological features involving solubility, heat stability, foaming and emulsifying property, oil holding capacity (OHC) and water holding capacity (WHC) of the protein hydrolysate were assessed. The result showed that the proteolysate exhibited the greatest CaBC of 261.61 ± 3.89 mg Ca2+/g protein, 1.77 folds lower than that of casein phosphopeptide, under the hydrolysis condition encompassing Flavourzyme, pH 6.5, 50 C, E:S ratio of 60 U/g protein and hydrolysis time of 5 hours. Solvability and heat stability of the proteolysate achieved over 75 % and over 70 % in the pH range from 5 to 8 The foaming capacity (FC), foaming stability (FS), emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying stability index (ESI) reached the peaks of 46.33 ± 0.57 %, 40.22 ± 0.38 %, 15.92 ± 0.07 m2/g and 48.06 ± 1.59 min at pH 8. The OHC and WHC of the proteolysate accomplished 4.76 ± 0.41 ml oil/g proteolysate powder and 2.81 ± 0.08 ml water/g proteolysate powder. The proteolysate contained 8 out of 9 essential amino acids for human, comprising approximately 45 % of total amino acid content. On the whole, the proteolysate could be served for calcium enhancement which could protect human body from disorders caused by calcium shortage or as a functional protein preparation to improve food properties. The findings likewise increase the economic value for the small shrimp which is quite cheap in Vietnam.

Evaluation of antibacterial potential of biosurfactant produced by surfactin-producing Bacillus isolated from selected Malaysian fermented foods

ABSTRACTBiosurfactants or microbial surfactants are structurally diverse and contribute to reducing surface and interfacial tension. Apart from being isolated from municipal waste and oil contaminated soil, biosurfactant-producing Bacillus spp. can also be found in fermented foods. Bacillus subtilis produce surfactant, which exhibits antibacterial activity against various pathogenic bacteria. In this study, surfactant-producing Bacillus were isolated from traditional fermented food namely; budu (fish sauce), cincalok (fermented small shrimps), tempeh (fermented soybeans) and tapai ubi kayu (fermented cassava). Identification of surfactin-producing bacteria was conducted using 16S rRNA which indicated that surfactin-producing strains isolated from budu and tempeh are Bacillus subtilis while strains from cincalok and tapai ubi kayu are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with a sequence similarity of 99%. Characterization of surfactin was carried out by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). HLPC analyzes identified major peaks contributing to the presence of surfactin. LCMS analysis detected specific mass to charge ratio (m/z) which contributed to the presence of maximum thirteen surfactin isoforms. Surfactin produced by the isolated strains also exhibited antibacterial activity toward pathogenic bacteria, namely Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhimurium, Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All isolated strains from the Malaysian fermented food types investigated in this study were able to produce surfactin. In addition, antibacterial screening via agar well diffusion, measurements of MBC and MIC show surfactin produced by the isolated strains have antibacterial activities toward certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested in this study.