Small Shrimp Research Articles

Design and experiments of an integrated device for shrimp orientation and decapitation

To realize the automatic orientation and decapitation of shrimp, an integrated device for shrimp orientation and decapitation was designed based on the shape and size characteristics of shrimp, which was mainly composed of oriented rollers, shrimp pushing boards, adaptive clamping claw and knife for the decapitation of shrimp. Three kinds of shrimp of small, medium, and large size were selected. Taking the speed of the shrimp pushing boards, the horizontal speed of the adaptive clamping claw, the rotational speed of oriented rollers and the radius of the oriented rollers as the test factors, and the success rate of the shrimp decapitation as the index, the single factor test and the orthogonal test were carried out to study the effect of each factor on the shrimp decapitation, and then the main parameters of the device were optimized. The results showed that the optimal parameter combinations of the three sizes of shrimp were the speed of shrimp pushing plates of 60mm/s, the horizontal speed of adaptive clamping claw of 70mm/s, the rotational speed of oriented rollers of 60r/min, and the radius of oriented rollers of 20mm. Under the optimal combination of parameters, the device has the highest decapitation success rate and the success rate of shrimp decapitation was 91.5% for small shrimp, 94.6% for medium shrimp, and 92.8% for large shrimp, the decapitation speed was 36pcs/min for small shrimp, 38 pcs/min for medium shrimp, and 37 pcs/min for large shrimp. Therefore, the feasibility of the device design is verified.

Can automatic measuring replace humans when evaluating a shrimp fishery?

Size measurements of fish and crustacean species play a critical role in fishery stock assessments, fishing gear size selectivity studies, and monitoring compliance with fisheries management regulations. One such example is from shrimp fisheries where samples of trawl-caught shrimps are frequently collected and size measured. However, the manual measurement of hundreds of small shrimps per sample is time-consuming and exhausting. Therefore, this study evaluates whether an automatic measuring procedure using off-the-shelf camera technology and a general-purpose artificial intelligence algorithm can replace manual measurements of deep-water shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Despite some deviations between manual and automatic measurements for individual shrimps, the automatic method proved sufficiently accurate for stock, gear selectivity and compliance assessment. Furthermore, this study demonstrated how a use-case driven approach can be applied when evaluating whether a new measuring technology can replace an existing.

Shrimp Larvae Counting Based on Improved YOLOv5 Model with Regional Segmentation

Counting shrimp larvae is an essential part of shrimp farming. Due to their tiny size and high density, this task is exceedingly difficult. Thus, we introduce an algorithm for counting densely packed shrimp larvae utilizing an enhanced You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) model through a regional segmentation approach. First, the C2f and convolutional block attention modules are used to improve the capabilities of YOLOv5 in recognizing the small shrimp. Moreover, employing a regional segmentation technique can decrease the receptive field area, thereby enhancing the shrimp counter’s detection performance. Finally, a strategy for stitching and deduplication is implemented to tackle the problem of double counting across various segments. The findings from the experiments indicate that the suggested algorithm surpasses several other shrimp counting techniques in terms of accuracy. Notably, for high-density shrimp larvae in large quantities, this algorithm attained an accuracy exceeding 98%.

Variability in somatic growth over time and space determines optimal season-opening date in the Oregon ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) fishery

Growth variability is a key contributor to the dynamic productivity of populations. Thus, better understanding and accounting for variation in growth can improve both tactical and strategic management. Using ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) from the U.S. West Coast as a case study, we demonstrate interactions between growth and optimal fishery opening dates. While the fishery opens on April 1, industry often delays fishing to minimize catches of small shrimp. Understanding drivers of size-at-recruitment can help managers optimize opening dates and shrimpers plan their participation in this and other fisheries. Using three decades of fishery-dependent sampling, we built a spatially-, temporally-, and environmentally-explicit Bayesian state-space model for shrimp size-at-age. Model outputs were then used to parameterize a revenue-per-recruit model and explore how variability in size-at-recruitment impacted optimal opening dates. Shrimp recruited at smaller sizes farther north. Delaying opening would likely benefit shrimpers in areas and years with smaller shrimp and higher fishing mortality. Broadly, choosing when to open the fishery is a complex decision requiring understanding of growth, but also recruitment, economic incentives, and life history.

Penerapan Produk Blue Economy Melalui Pembuatan Nugget Udang Di Kampung Matara Merauke Papua Selatan

and sustainability of natural potential so that marine resources are maintained and can be used by the next generation. Matara Village is a coastal area in Merauke, south papua South Papua Province which has abundant marine potential. One of them is shrimp which is a leading commodity in this village. The use of shrimp is still limited to selling them whole. In the process, the shrimp are sold at cheap prices to agents and often the small shrimp are not sold so they are wasted which ultimately causes an unpleasant smell on the beach. Apart from that, fishermen in Matara Village generally live in the lower middle economic strata. The abundance of marine products has not been processed optimally. In fact, if the Blue Economy is implemented optimally, it can increase the income of the people there. Training and assistance in making Blue Economy products in the form of shrimp nuggets was provided to the women of Matara Village. as an effort to increase the economic value of shrimp, increase the variety of healthy foods that are contemporary and popular with all groups, overcome waste caused by unsold small shrimp, and can increase income variations This activity was carried out by Musamus University KKN lecturers and students for 1 month. This activity was carried out by observing the community, lectures about the importance of implementing the Blue Economy concept in coastal areas, demonstrations and assistance in making shrimp nuggets, and surveying community satisfaction. This activity was responded very well by the community and said that assistance should be carried out in the manufacture of Blue Economy products in the future

Effect of a generalist mesopredator on modular and unitary sessile prey associated with a foundation species.

Unitary and modular sessile organisms both dominate in marine benthic communities, commonly preyed upon by the same generalist predators. The differences between unitary and modular defensive strategies may underlie the ways generalist predators control community structure, but this has never been empirically examined. We hypothesize that the individual size of an omnivorous mesopredatory shrimp affects the relative vulnerability of unitary and modular prey and hence translates into community structure. In a short-term laboratory microcosm experiment, we assessed the effect of the shrimp individual size on an epibiotic assemblage of red algae blades initially dominated by three species of modular bryozoans and a unitary serpulid tubeworm. We found that the individual size of a shrimp determines its effect on the prey community composition. Large shrimp stronger than small shrimp increased the proportion of unitary tubeworms among the epibionts surviving predation. While large shrimp reduced the proportions of all the three dominant bryozoan species, small shrimp, in contrast, mostly increased the proportion of a bryozoan species with the smallest modules and largest colonies. This bryozoan, like the tubeworms, demonstrated a higher survival rate with larger individual (colony) size. Yet, against large shrimp this bryozoan was outperformed by the largest tubeworms almost immune to predation. Partial predation by small shrimp modestly improved survival of the largest bryozoan colonies. Thus, relative vulnerability of unitary and modular prey is determined by the predator individual size. Our findings clarify the complex way the size structures of generalist consumers and their prey shape communities by affecting the species-specific relative performance of modular and unitary organisms. The demography of a foundation species and the competitive hierarchy can have additional effects by altering the balance of predation and competition.

Application Of Lights in The Nursery of Snubnose Pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) In Ponds as An Effort to Increase Feed Cost Efficiency

The snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii), which is an introduced fish, is currently in increasing demand, both for the domestic market (Jakarta and other big cities) and international markets such as Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. The snubnose pompano can be cultivated in ponds because it is tolerant to changes in salinity (5-40 ppt). In this study, the use of lights installed in cages used to maintain the snubnose pompano nursery will be responded to natural food that is positively phototactic (zooplankton, shrimp, and small fish species) which will gather as feed at night. So, it is hoped that the use of these organisms as an alternative feed source can increase feed efficiency. The urgency of this research is to determine efforts to save on the use of artificial feed and to suppress parasite attacks. A t-test was carried out to compare the averages of two different samples, on the growth rate and health of snubnose pompano fish. Research using lights resulted in optimum growth of snubnose pompano with 100% survival rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR) value of 0.9 and produced snubnose pompano size 80–100 g/head within two months as well as healthy fish seeds. With indicators of parasitic attack that are lower than the treatment without light with a prevalence value of 25% (with lights); range of 25%-75% (without lights) and intensity 6-8 (with lights); range 11-35.67 (without light). The snubnose pompano seeds are always actively moving when the light is on, the use of the light can effectively catch organisms such as small shrimp or small crustaceans so that the snubnose pompano seeds can be used to be digested as an alternative food (as observed in the stomach contents and intestines of the snubnose pompano). The light also indicates that parasitic attacks on the snubnose pompano are less common.

The Importance of Dwarfs in an Ocean of Giants

The sea-ice and the oceans of Antarctica are full of life. The smallest organisms are tiny plants that consist of only one cell. These small cells come in large numbers: a single droplet of seawater may contain thousands of tiny plant cells called microalgae. Like all plants, they use carbon dioxide and produce oxygen when they grow. Together, the microalgae in the oceans produce 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere. They also influence the global climate by producing a gas that causes clouds to form. In the oceans, especially along the underside of sea ice, microalgae make a colorful meal for plant-eating ocean animals. In this article, we will show you not only how beautiful microalgae can be in color and shape, but also how important these tiny organisms are for all life on Earth—from the small shrimps and large whales that feed on them to the humans that need oxygen to breathe.

Diet-habitat ecology of invasive tilapia and native fish in a tropical river catchment following a tilapia invasion

Many species of tilapia (a collection of fish species from the cichlidae family) have biological traits that make them successful invaders. Widespread herbivory has been observed across tilapia species, however knowledge on habitat preferences and tilapia interactions with native fish food webs is limited. This study was conducted three years after spotted (Pelmatolapia mariae) and Mozambique (Oreochromis mossambicus) tilapia were detected in the Mitchell River catchment, northern Australia. Tilapia diet and habitat preferences and their trophic position in native fish food webs was determined using a combination of stomach content, stable isotope, and habitat assessment analyses. Plant material was the most abundant item in tilapia stomachs, and some stomachs also contained other items in small quantities, such as fish eggs, small shrimp, and bivalves. Some niche overlap occurred between P. mariae and native omnivore or herbivore fish species. Macrohabitat type (in-channel (no tilapia), floodplain (no tilapia), weir (tilapia present)) was related to native fish food web structure, with weir food webs showing similarities to floodplain food webs. Floodplain habitats including creeks and wetlands were also most similar to weir habitats and may therefore be most at risk of colonization as tilapia spread throughout the catchment. This study clearly demonstrated that the successful rapid invasion of these two tilapia species is linked to suitable habitat with abundant food that fuels growth and reproduction. These findings increase understanding of diet related habitat use during new tilapia invasions and trophic interactions with native species.

Penerapan Usaha Budidaya Arwana Brazil (Osteoglossum bicirhossum) Bagi Siswa SMKN 1 Sungai Raya Kubu Raya

Brazilian Arowana fish is one of the ornamental fish with high economic value that has the potential to be developed in Kubu Raya district. This fish is relatively easy to care for, but there are still many people who are not brave enough to maintain it due to a lack of knowledge. For this reason, it is necessary to adopt technology through PPM activities by utilizing collaboration with SMKs as well as upgrading the competencies that students currently have. With this activity can be an alternative to improve the community's economy. The purpose of this PPM activity is to improve the competence and abilities of students in applying environmentally friendly, efficient and effective Brazilian Arwana ornamental fish farming business technology in a sustainable manner and it is hoped that it can become an example for the surrounding ornamental fish cultivating community. The maintenance process for Brazilian Arowana during PPM activities went well. The time required for one maintenance cycle is 2 months. The containers used consist of 2 types, namely a tarpaulin tub as a container and an aquarium as a container for further maintenance. As many as 420 seeds were sown and given feed in the form of frozen worms and small shrimp. The SR level is 100% so that the harvest can be sold entirely with a profit of Rp. 5,130,000.- and the R/C ratio is 1.54. This PPM activity is expected to spur the community in developing Brazilian Arowana fish farming by applying appropriate technology that is applicable to increase the productivity of aquaculture products in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner which will ultimately increase the economic level of the community.

INTRODUCTION OF PROSPECTIVE FISH AQUACULTURE COMMODITIES Kryptopterus palembangensis

Lais fish is one of the endemic fish with a fairly high demand in the market. Famous for its delicious taste, lais fish it be processed in various forms of cuisine such as pindang, pempek and salai (Palembang specialties). The high public interest in this fish provides promising business prospects. However, the fulfillment of the needs of lais fish still comes from natural catches. Sothat if done prolonged, it will cause a decline in the population which if not overcome by lais fish will experience extinction. The purpose of this article is to invite the public to preserve lais fish as endemic fish and make this fish a farming commodity by knowing some basic information about lais fish. The writing method used is a literature study. As for the results obtained, lais fish are related to siamese shark (Pangasius sp.) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus). It has several local names such as jam fish or wedge lais fish, the national name of lais fish and its international name sheat catfishes. The living habitat of lais fish is in fresh water, especially flooded swamp waters. This fish is classified as a carnivore because most of its food is small shrimps and insects. The sexuality of fish can be seen based on morphology, namely differences in body size and head shape. The sex ratio of lais fish in nature is in a less balanced state. Lais fish will spawn at the time of entering the rainy season, with a spawner total spawning pattern. Lais fish has several advantages and is of economic value so that it is worthy of being a candidate for aquaculture commodities

Surveillance of Nitrofuran Metabolite Residue in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at Local Market in Bangkok

The study aimed to analyze nitrofuran metabolite residues in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from the 5 local markets in Bangkok. The samples weighing from 9.20+0.79 to 31.00+0.67 g were analyzed for nitrofuran metabolites: 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) and semicarbazide (SEM) by using LC-MS/MS technique. The results showed that only SEM in the range 0.104-0.160 ug/kg was found. The correlation coefficient between weight and SEM showed the negative linearity (r = -0.6867). It was found that there were less SEM residues in large shrimps than small shrimps. Therefore, the size of white shrimp can be used as an index for purchasing shrimp that are safe for consumers.

New Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian) boxer shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Stenopodidea) from the Araripe Sedimentary Basin, NE, Brazil.

Stenopodidean shrimps are mostly cryptic in their habitats and are typically related with coral rubble or dead coral heads, rocks and crevices, and in association with other marine invertebrate such as sponges, crinoids and corals. Here, we describe a new stenopodidean shrimp, Dubiostenopus parvus n. gen. n. sp., from the Romualdo Formation (Aptian/Albian), Araripe Sedimentary Basin. The specimen studied here was collected in the municipality of Trindade, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The specimen is the imprint of a small shrimp approximately 10 mm in length, with a robust cephalothorax, a well-developed cheliped in the third pereiopod, and a second pleura not overlapping the first. This is the first stenopodidean shrimp described from the Romualdo Formation and the first described from South America. Comparisons with other Brazilian shrimp-like fossils are made, as well as comparisons with all other fossil stenopodideans.

THE FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF GROUPER (Epinephelus sp.) LARVAE FROM THE CROSS-BREEDING SPAWNING PRODUCT IN BULELENG BALI

High mortality in larvae emerges due to less suitable size and nutritional contents of the feed for larval requirement. Therefore, live feed management is one of the successive factors in many grouper hatcheries to reduce high mortality risk in larval stage and provide good nutritional value in fish. This article reviewed the feeding management of grouper larvae and the obstacles occurred during the feeding management within the larval rearing period in Buleleng, Bali. The grouper larvae were produced from the cross-breeding process between female tiger grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) and male marbled grouper (E. polyphekadion). Rotifers (Branchionus plicatilis) were enriched with marine green microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata) at 2 × 105 ind/ml. Rotifers were then fed to the larvae at 1-3 ind/ml. This feeding application was performed when the larvae was at 2-7 DAH (days after hatching). Artemia salina was fed to the 17-DAH larvae at 0.2-0.5 ind/ml, then increased at 8 ind/ml as the larvae reached 27 DAH with four-time feeding frequency. Also, commercial feed was provided for the larvae at 15 DAH and small shrimp (Acetes sp.) was fed to the 40-DAH larvae for supplement. This feeding management could produce a good absolute length growth rate at 22.3 mm on 35 days of rearing. However, high mortality rate was still occurred due to cannibalism, high stocking density of rotifers, and fluctuated weather that decreased the live feed supply. Thus, additional nutrient enrichment and optimal larval consumption observation should be performed to reduce high mortality rate, cannibalism, and weather condition influence.

Relationship between aerobic scope and upper thermal limits of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in low-salinity culture systems

Aquaculture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in low-salinity water is a viable industry and production strategy in the southeastern United States. A major challenge facing this industry is a phenomenon called late-term mortality which is thought to be driven by thermal stress at the end of the growing season when water temperatures can reach or exceed 36 °C in shrimp production ponds. To investigate the physiological mechanisms behind upper lethal limits in shrimp, we evaluated linkages between empirically measured thermal limits and absolute aerobic scope (AAS), or ability to provide energy above that needed for basic maintenance. In this study, we tested whether thermal tolerance decreases with increasing shrimp age/size and whether AAS is a useful concept for understanding the physiological basis of thermal tolerance in shrimp. We exposed two size classes (small: 2.07 ± 0.86 and large: 24.64 ± 2.55 g) of shrimp to increasing temperature at a rate of 1 °C/h from 28 to 42 °C. At each temperature, we used intermittent respirometry to estimate resting metabolic rate and we directly measured lethal thermal tolerance by evaluating critical thermal maximum (CTmax). Additionally, we used the electron transport system assay to estimate maximum metabolic rate (RMR) at temperatures from 9 to 45 °C. Small shrimp had a higher CTmax than large shrimp, with upper lethal limits of 40.6 and 39.0 °C, respectively. For both size-classes, AAS reached its minimum (AASmin) at temperatures near the peak RMR (RMRpeak) and within 2 °C of CTmax. Large shrimp exhibited a lower temperature at AASmin than that of the smaller shrimp. Reductions in AAS appear to be one of the underlying physiological drivers of thermal tolerance in L. vannamei and an indicator of increasing thermal stress. Changes in the temperature at which AAS reaches its minimum may be a useful predictor of shifts in thermal tolerance among shrimp size-classes.

Effects of Blanching and Drying Condition on the Quality of Small Shrimp (Acetes)

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of various parameters of the blanching and drying condition of small shrimp (Acetes) on some product quality parameters. Some criteria were assessed, such as salt content, astaxanthin content (ATC), and color of small shrimp. The results showed that the blanching time significantly affected the salt content. When increasing the blanching time, the salt content was found to increase from 17.35 ± 2.48 mg/g DW to 39.51 ± 0.45 mg/g DW. The astaxanthin content achieved the highest value (0.026 ± 0.001 mg/g DW) in a 2% salt solution. The study showed that the blanching and drying processes significantly affected the salt content, astaxanthin, and color of the small shrimp, and the optimized temperatures for blanching and drying were 70°C and 60°C, respectively.

Young Women and Disgust in Contemporary Norwegian Comics: A Close Reading of Ane Barstad Solvang's Frykt & medlidenhet

Young Women and Disgust in Contemporary Norwegian Comics: A Close Reading of Ane Barstad Solvang's <i>Frykt</i> &amp; <i>medlidenhet</i>

Food resources for Spoon-billed Sandpipers (Calidris pygmaea) in the mudflats of Leizhou Bay, southern China

Leizhou Bay in Guangdong Province is the most important wintering site in China for the critically endangered Spoon-billed Sandpipers (Calidris pygmaea). As food is usually a strong predictor of presence, in the winters of 2019-2022 we studied arthropod food resources and diet on the intertidal mudflats at the Tujiao and Hebei mudflats in Leizhou Bay. In December 2020, using a sampling device that encloses mobile epibenthic prey before the human sampler would disturb them in shallow pools, we visited 34 stations in their core foraging area at Tujiao. A total of 15 mobile benthic species were identified, including 13 arthropod and 2 fish species, with a total density of 106 animals/m2 (range= 0.2-48 animals/m2), with the lengths of the animals ranging from 1-19 mm. Two amphipod and one cumacean species contributed 85%. On the basis of photographs of foraging during low tide in 2019-2022, the visibly ingested prey items appeared to mainly consist of small shrimp, but also included crabs and fish. At 27 mm (compared with the 22 mm long bill of Spoon-billed Sandpipers) the average visibly ingested prey showed a strong size bias. Among the measured environmental covarying factors (sediment pH, salinity, TOC content, median particle size and distance from the seawall etc.) potentiually affecting the mobile epibenthic prey in shallow pools, only distance from the seawall was significantly and negatively correlated. Densities were higher within 1 km of the seawall (126 animals/m2) than further offshore (69 animals/m2). This may relate to the mangrove forests growing in abundance near the seawall providing released minerals, nutrients, bacterial production and diatoms for the benthic community in the adjacent mudflats. However, the potential negative impact of artificial mangrove expansion in Leizhou mudflats need to be carefully monitored and assessed to balance both mangrove and Spoon-billed Sandpipers conservation.

Optimising electrofishing settings for shrimp and fish in shallow tropical streams

Electrofishing is widely used to survey fish communities in freshwater, but uncertainties remain about electrotaxis (i.e. swimming toward the electrode) and the efficiency with which it catches decapod species. This three-part study was performed to define effective electrofishing settings for mixed communities of freshwater decapods and fish species. First, we studied the behaviour of five species of swimming decapods (Caridae) when exposed to four waveforms (direct current (DC) or pulsed direct current (PDC) at 2, 5 or 40 Hz) and two power density settings (low (30 µW.cm−3) or high (80 µW.cm−3)) in the laboratory. DC at low power density and PDC-2 Hz at high power density induced significantly more electrotaxis than the other settings. We then tested three electrofishing settings (low power DC (DClp), high power DC (DChp) and high power 40 Hz PDC (PDC40hp)) under natural conditions using the depletion method (with three passes) in enclosed sections of a shallow stream, followed by complete removal of bottom substrate and aquatic vegetation to catch the remaining individuals. DClp consistently detected all shrimp (nine species) and fish (seven species) after two electrofishing passes, but the two other settings did not. DC performed better than PDC for estimating the abundance of shrimp (80% vs. 70% of individuals caught, respectively) and fish (90% vs. 70%, respectively) after three electrofishing passes. Using depletion models, DClp gave the most accurate estimates of abundance for shrimp and fish species. Finally, we assessed the ability of three-pass DClp electrofishing to estimate abundances in nine shallow and coarse-substrate Caribbean streams. More than 10,000 shrimp from 10 species and 1600 fish from 8 species were caught and examined. We observed a correlation between estimated and total abundances after complete removal of bottom substrate and aquatic vegetation in the enclosed stream sections, except for small (≤ 20 mm long) shrimp. The fish mortality rate due to electrofishing was 0.22%, and only one species (Eleotris perniger) showed evidence of spinal damage (4.4% of individuals) based on ultrasound analysis of the spinal column. Thus, we recommend using DClp (30 µW.cm−3) to survey sympatric communities of shrimp and fish species in shallow, coarse-substrate tropical streams.

An Analysis of Shrimp Culture Business in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India

The study was taken to analyse the Shrimp Culture Business in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. The performance of the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture business in terms of production, marketing, finance and also constraints faced by shrimp culture farmers was analysed. Aquaculture farmers were classified into small (1-2 ha), semi-medium (2-4 ha), medium (4-10 ha) and large farmers (&gt;10 ha). The results revealed that the average gross income earned was Rs.31.91 lakh/ha/crop, Rs. 31.73 lakh/ha/crop, Rs. 31.79 lakh/ha/crop and Rs.32.57 lakh/ha/crop by small, semi-medium, medium and large farmers respectively. The net income per hectare per crop for large farmers (Rs.13.07 lakh) was highest followed by medium (Rs. 11.8 lakh), semi medium (Rs. 11.1 lakh) and small (Rs.10.42 lakh) shrimp culture farmers. Break-even prices revealed that small, semi-medium, medium and large farmers can choose to price one kg of shrimp above Rs. 256, Rs. 247, Rs. 239, and Rs. 228 respectively. The profitability ratio showed that Gross profit margin and net profit margin for large farmers were high when compared to small, semi-medium, medium and large farmers. Non-availability of good quality seeds and the high cost of feed were the major problems faced by the farmers in production. Fluctuations in shrimp price and insufficient market information were major marketing constraints faced by the farmers in marketing of shrimp.