Small Cutaneous Lesions Research Articles

Isolation, Characterization and Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda a Causative Disease on Freshwater Fish in Yogyakarta

Edwarsiella tarda is a cosmopolitan bacterium and is a cause of Edwardsiellosis in various fish species. The bacterial infection causes large losses on aquaculture in Asia, especially Japan. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize E. tarda as causative disease in freshwater fishes, and to determine its pathogenicity to catfish (Pangasius sp.). Bacteria were isolated from kidney of diseased fishes on Tryptone Soya Agar medium. Identification was conducted based on morphological colonies, morphological cells and biochemical tests. Fulfillment of Koch Postulates was done by injecting bacteria intraperitoneally on 7-9 cm fishes at dose of 107 cfu/fish. Pathogenicity test was carried out by intraperitoneal injection at 104, 105, 106, and 107 cfu/fish to 7-9 cm-catfish (Pangasius sp.) and followed by observation of disease signs and mortality every six hours for 7 days. Pathogenicity was determined as Lethal Dosage (LD50) using Dragstedt Behrens method. In this research we have isolated three isolates E. tarda causing disease in fishes. The clinical signs of this disease were lose of pigmentation over the lession, swollen of stomach, haemorhage on fins , small cutaneous lesions, and necrotic on fins area. The LD50 of E. tarda isolate L2, L3, and N3 were 4.64 ± 0.35x105, 1.54 ± 0.07x105, and 1.13 ± 0.13x106 cfu/fish, respectively.

Parapoxviruses, little-known zoonotic pathogens.

Parapoxviruses, double-stranded DNA viruses of the Poxviridæ family, are etiologic agents of cutaneaous infectious diseases among farm animals. These highly contagious viruses are responsible for wide outbreaks among livestock. The clinical manifestations are generally mild and consist of cutaneous or mucosal lesions, which resolve spontaneously within a few weeks. However, secondary bacterial or fungal infections on the lesion sites can aggravate the symptoms. Sore lesions located within the oral cavity and on the udders can impair feeding or nursing, thus leading to death. Livestock parapoxviruses can infect humans by direct or indirect transmission and affect mainly farmers, slaughters and veterinarians. Human symptoms generally consist of small cutaneous lesions located at the inoculation points but more severe forms can occur, peculiarly in immunocompromised persons. The parapoxvirus epidemiology is poorly understood: their respective host range and ecology among wild animals are to be clarified. The identification of parapoxviruses among marine mammals suggests that the genetic diversity within the genus is still underestimated.

Épidémiologie des leishmanioses autochtones en France métropolitaine et d’outre-mer

Leishmania infantum is the only species occurring in metropolitan France; located in the Mediterranean part of the country, it is responsible for a highly enzootic canine disease, while the human endemicity is low, with about 23 cases yearly reported to the National Reference Centre of Leishmaniases, mainly visceral forms. In French Guyana, five Leishmania species occur in the Amazonian forest, of which L. guyanensis is the predominant species, and L. braziliensis is responsible for the most critical forms. The most frequent clinical feature is cutaneous leishmaniasis, with a mean annual incidence reaching 2 p. 1000, with some inter-annual fluctuations. In Martinique Island, recent studies have confirmed the presence of an ancestral Leishmania species, responsible for small cutaneous lesions, of mild evolution; the life cycle of this species remains unknown. In Guadeloupe Island, a few autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis cases have been reported, needing a prospective study.

Huge Ruptured and Infected Pseudoaneurysm of the Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch With Erosion of Sternum After Previous Cardiac Surgery

A 77-year-old woman underwent aortic valve replacement and coronary bypass grafting in 2007 in the Emirates. Evolution was uneventful until December 2011. After repeated episodes of unspecific infections, a computed tomographic scan showed a large pseudoaneurysm of the distal ascending aorta. The site of aortic rupture was closed with a Gore-Tex patch and a Staphylococcus aureus infection treated appropriately. Two months later, a small cutaneous lesion on the cranial part of the sternotomy started bleeding. Computed tomographic scan demonstrated recurrence of a false aneurysm with erosion of the sternum and a large subcutaneous hematoma caused by the fistula. The patient was transferred to our institution. The challenges of this case included safe surgical approach (sternotomy, cannulation, perfusion, cerebral protection) as well as complete removal and extensive debridement of the infected material and reconstruction of the aortic arch. Using fully biological material, reconstruction of the ascending aorta and proximal arch was successfully performed.

Extensive cerebral arteriovenous malformation presenting as a small cutaneous lesion on the forehead

Conflict of interest: none declared. A 10‐year‐old girl was referred to us for consideration of pulsed‐dye laser therapy to a lesion on the forehead. The lesion had been present at, or soon after birth and had increased in size in proportion to the child’s growth. The child and her family were keen to explore possible treatments for what was viewed as a cosmetic problem. On direct questioning, a long history of right frontal headaches was reported. Six months before presentation to us, the patient had been admitted to a neighbouring hospital with an episode of severe headache. No neurological deficit was associated with this episode and the symptoms resolved spontaneously. The patient had been discharged, and no imaging had been performed at that time. On examination (Fig. 1), a small palpable and pulsatile erythematous lesion was found with macular erythema above and to the right of the lesion. There was a further subtle area of macular erythema to the glabella.

Cutaneous Kaposiʼs Sarcoma in an HIV-Positive Patient

Cutaneous Kaposiʼs Sarcoma in an HIV-Positive Patient

Genetically resistant mice lacking MyD88-adapter protein display a high susceptibility to Leishmania major infection associated with a polarized Th2 response.

Host resistance to the intracellular protozoan Leishmania major is highly dependent on IL-12 production by APCs. Genetically resistant C57BL/6 mice develop IL-12-mediated Th1 immune response dominated by IFN-gamma and exhibit only small cutaneous lesions that resolve spontaneously. In contrast, because of several genetic differences, BALB/c mice develop an IL-4-mediated Th2 immune response and a chronic mutilating disease. Myeloid differentiation marker 88 (MyD88) is an adaptator protein that links the IL-1/Toll-like receptor family to IL-1R-associated protein kinase. Toll-like receptors recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns and are crucially implicated in the induction of IL-12 secretion by APC. The role of MyD88 protein in the development of protective immune response against parasites is largely unknown. Following inoculation of L. major, MyD88(-/-) C57BL/6 mice presented large footpad lesions containing numerous infected cells and frequent mutilations. In response to soluble Leishmania Ag, cells from lesion-draining lymph node showed a typical Th2 profile, similar to infected BALB/c mice. IL-12p40 plasma level collapses in infected MyD88(-/-) mice compared with infected wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Importantly, administration of exogenous IL-12 rescues L. major-infected MyD88(-/-) mice, demonstrating that the susceptibility of these mice is a direct consequence of IL-12 deficiency. In conclusion, MyD88-dependent pathways appear essential for the development of the protective IL-12-mediated Th1 response against the Leishmania major parasite. In absence of MyD88 protein, infected mice develop a nonprotective Th2 response.

A Pustule from Portugal

This article has no abstract.

Granulome pyogénique récurrent ou syndrome de Warner et Wilson-Jones

Background. - Recurrent pyogenic granuloma with multiple satellite lesions is a rare and benign condition; its diagnosis may be clinically evoked from a characteristic natural history. Case reports. - Two 12 year-old boys developed multiple small cutaneous lesions following removal of pyogenic granuloma, at the periphery of the scar. A CO 2 laser treatment was decided in one case, and therapeutic abstention in the other one. Conclusion. - Our two cases completely fit with the classical features of such a condition that generally clears spontaneously. This syndrome must be known because of its “pseudo-metastatic” clinical features, which may mislead the physician.

Neonatal capsaicin treatment abolishes the nociceptive responses to intravenous 5-HT in the rat

The intravenous (i.v.) administration of serotonin (5-HT) to lightly pentobarbital-anesthetized rats is known to produce a triad of reflex cardiovascular responses, distinct afferent-mediated pseudaffective reactions, and a vagally mediated inhibition of the nociceptive tail-flick (TF) reflex consistent with 5-HT acting as a noxious stimulus. In the present experiments we examined the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive afferents in mediating these responses. Lightly pentobarbital-anesthetized 16-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats which had been treated as neonates (in the first 48 h of life) with capsaicin (50 μg/kg. s.c.) were compared to age-matched neonatal vehicle-treated controls. Whereas the i.v. administration of 5-HT produced a dose-dependent (6–96 μg/kg, i.v.) inhibition of the nociceptive TF reflex (ED 50 = 48.1 ± 113 μg/kg; n = 7) and distinct pseudaffective responses (usually by 24–48 μg/kg) in vehicle-treated rats. 5-HT (6–192 μg/kg, i.v.) failed to significantly alter TF latency or produce pseudaffective behaviors in the capsaicin-treated rats (n = 10). There was no difference in baseline TF latencies between the two groups. There were essentially no differences between vehicle- and capsaicin-treated rats with respect to the initial cardiopulmonary vagal afferent-mediated (Benzold-Jarish reflexes) decrease in heart rate and arterial blood pressure or the subsequent pressor phase. However, the magnitude of the late hypotensive phase was significantly greater in capsaicin-treated rats. Capsaicin-treated rats were significantly heavier than vehicle-treated rats (482.0 ± 12.4g vs439.3 ± 12.1.g) and also exhibited small cutaneous lesions around the nostrils, on the skin in and around the vibrissae, behind and on the back of the ears, on the throat, and on the underside of the belly. Radioimmunoassay showed that there was a significant (P < 0.05) depletion of substance P (58.3%) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (50.7%) in the lumbar spinal cord of neonatal capsaicin-treated rats (n=8) compared to vehicle-treated rats (n=5). These results demonstrate that the 5-HT-induced, vagally-mediated inhibition of the TF reflex and pseudaffective responses are mediated by capsaicin-sensitive afferents. This strongly suggests that (1) afferent fibers subserving the nociceptive response are predominantly unmyelinated C-fiber vagal afferents and (2) these afferents are different from those vagal afferents that mediate the cardiovascular responses to i.v. 5-HT.

A more economical method of managing small cutaneous lesions of the leg

A more economical method of managing small cutaneous lesions of the leg

Small cutaneous lesions of the leg

Small cutaneous lesions of the leg

A more economical method of managing small cutaneous lesions of the leg.

A prospective trial of the treatment of malignant and premalignant skin lesions of the leg by excision and skin graft under local anaesthesia as an outpatient procedure has shown encouraging results.

The Circular Excision

A simple, practical alternative to the traditional method of excising small cutaneous lesions is described. It has the advantages of decreased length of final closure and flexibility in determining the orientation of final incisions in areas where it may be difficult to accurately determine skin tension lines.

The Circular Excision

A simple, practical alternative to the traditional method of excising small cutaneous lesions is described. It has the advantages of decreased length of final closure and flexibility in determining the orientation of final incisions in areas where it may be difficult to accurately determine skin tension lines.

FOETAL RHABDOMYOMA:

A case report of a girl with two foetal rhabdomyomas is presented. One tumour was a small cutaneous lesion present at birth in the left thigh and the other was located in the chest wall deeply in the subcutaneous tissue and attached to the adjacent intercostal muscle. The patient also had the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome which lends credence to the opinion that foetal rhabdomyoma is a malformation rather than a true neoplasm.