Small Aggregates Research Articles

Engineering Thermoresponsive Emulsions with Branched Copolymer Surfactants

AbstractThis study describes thermo‐rheological properties of branched copolymer surfactants (BCSs) stabilizing oil‐in‐water emulsions to generate materials exhibiting temperature‐dependent gelation with the ability to solubilize a broad range of molecules. Four poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐ran‐poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (poly(NIPAM‐ran‐PEGMA)) BCSs with varying molecular weight (Mn), 4.7; 7.0; 7.8 and 9.0 kg mol−1, are investigated via oscillatory shear rheology, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and neutron reflectivity (NR). Rheological thermoscans show that emulsions stabilized by the BCS with the lowest Mn (4.7 kg mol−1) are thermo‐thinning, while with the other BCSs the emulsions display a thermo‐thickening behavior. Emulsions stabilized with the BCS with Mn = 7.8 kg mol−1 form gels within a precise temperature window depending on BCS concentration. Small angle neutron scattering data analysis suggests that the BCS is present in two forms in equilibrium, small aggregates dispersed in the bulk water and an adsorbed polymeric layer at the oil/water interface. Changes in dimensions of these structures with temperature correlate with the macroscopic thermo‐thinning/thermo‐thickening behavior observed. Neutron reflectivity is conducted at the oil/water interface to allow further elucidation of BCS behavior in these systems.

Tunable corrosion protection of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) coating on biomedical Mg2Zn0.2Ca alloy

Too fast corrosion of magnesium(Mg)-based materials is one of main concerns prior to their applications as biodegradable biomaterials. In present study, a CaCO3 coating on Mg alloy is developed via hydrothermal method to control the corrosion of Mg2Zn0.2Ca alloy. The morphology and anti-corrosion property of the CaCO3 protective coating are adjusted by the concentration of MgSO4 in coating preparation electrolyte. The results reveal that the presence of MgSO4 stabilizes the precipitation of metastable CaCO3 crystalline (aragonite and vaterite) and affects the structure and growth rate of the middle calcite layer on Mg alloy surface, which leads to the transformation of cubic calcite into small rhombohedral aggregates in the middle layer as the concentration of MgSO4 increases. Consequently, the corrosion protection property of the coating is significantly enhanced due to the increased compactness of the coating as the concentration of MgSO4 increases from 0 mM to 20 mM. Whereas, with further increase of MgSO4 concentration, the spindle-shaped calcite crystalline formed in the middle layer provides more penetrable boundaries, leading to a lower resistance for Mg substrate. Long-term immersion tests indicate the transformation of CaCO3 into calcium phosphate, which exhibits a great prospect for Mg alloys as orthopedic implants.

Reuse of glass in concrete: a study of the production and mechanical performance of resistance

The glass incorporated into the concrete contributes to the conservation of the environment, as it will have a correct destination and is an easily found material. This work had the objective of analyzing the mechanical performance of the concrete produced with glass waste from non-returnable packaging. Since glass is a residue that is easily found, it is justified to incorporate it into concrete in partial replacement of small aggregates, thus avoiding its disposal inlandfills and also in an irregular way. The concrete produced was made with the addition of “51” and “Long Neck” ground glass. A standard trace of 25 MPa was defined, with partial substitutions of 5%, 15%, 25% and 35% in the small aggregate. The individual strengths of the test specimens were submitted to the Tukey test for statistical analysis and it was verified that the trait with the percentage of 35% substitution is statistically different from the other traits. The concrete had a mean Fck of 32,37 MPa, higher than the established minimum of 25 MPa. It can be concluded that theconcrete with the use of ground glass presents technical feasibility for execution and contributes to the preservation of the environment.

The Aggregation and Dissolution of Citrate-Coated AgNPs in High Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater and Sludge from UASB-Anammox Reactor.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are released into the sewage pipes and ultimately wastewater treatment plants during manufacturing, use, and end–life disposal. AgNPs in wastewater treatment plants aggregate or dissolve, and may affect the microbial community and subsequent pollutant removal efficiency. This study aims to quantitatively investigate the fate of AgNPs in synthetic high ammonia nitrogen wastewater (SW) and sludge from an up–flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) anammox reactor using a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed that 18.1 mM NH4+, 2.11 mM Mg2+ in SW caused less negative zeta potential (ζ−potential, −18.4 vs. −37.4 mV), aggregation (388.8 vs. 21.5 nm), and settlement (80%) of citrate−coated AgNPs (cit−AgNPs) in 220 min. The presence of 18.5 mM Cl− in SW formed AgCl2−, AgCl(aq) and eventually promoted the dissolution (9.3%) of cit−AgNPs. Further exposure of SW−diluted AgNPs to sludge (42 mg L−1 humic acid) and induced a more negative ζ−potential (−22.2 vs. −18.4 mV) and smaller aggregates (313.4 vs. 388.8 nm) due to the steric and hindrance effect. The promoted Ag dissolution (34.4% vs. 9.3%) was also observed after the addition of sludge and the possible reason may be the production of Ag(NH3)2+ by the coexistence of HA from sludge and NH4+ from SW. These findings on the fate of AgNPs can be used to explain why AgNPs had limited effects on the sludge−retained bacteria which are responsible for the anammox process.

Packed media radiative-transfer modeling with Gaussian particles: Application to spectra of icy regolith of Saturnian satellites

The radiative transfer theory with packed media correction (RTT-PM) is a balanced, physically rigorous, and practical light scattering model that is suitable for modeling reflectance and similar spectra of densely packed particulate media. The static structure factor correction to the classical radiative transfer solution and actualization of fundamental particles of media with spheres or aggregates are key properties of this model that ensure both physical rigor and practical efficiency. We improved upon the assumptions in the RTT-PM method by incorporating irregularly shaped Gaussian particles into its scheme. This incorporation of Gaussian particles is a notable advancement for applications of the RTT-PM method to planetary surfaces that often are layers of irregularly shaped particles. With the Gaussian particle RTT-PM method, we modeled spectra of Saturnian moons Dione, Rhea, and Tethys observed with the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), assuming pure water ice composition. For Rhea and Tethys, the Gaussian particle RTT-PM technique modeled VIMS spectra better than models with spherical or aggregate particles, strengthening prior suggestion that particles on Rhea and Tethys are solid, non-spherical particles. Dione's spectra were best modeled not with Gaussian particles but rather with an aggregate of 128 monomers. This makes Dione's icy regolith different from that on Rhea and Tethys. Prior studies have indicated that the cause for the difference might arise from the presence of surface macrostructures or absorbing materials on Dione, but according to our modeling results, increased multiple scattering from small fluffy aggregate particles is an alternative explanation.

An Assessment of Groundwater Development Using Pervious Concrete-A Case Study in JSSATE Campus Bangalore

Pervious concrete is a special kind of concrete with a high porosity that is used for concrete flatwork applications to lessen runoff from a site and facilitate groundwater recharging. Water from precipitation and other sources can directly pass through pervious concrete. Other names for it include porous pavement, permeable concrete, no-fines concrete, and porous concrete. Pervious concrete is made with large particles and minimal to no tiny Aggregates. The concrete paste then coats the aggregates and allows water to pass through the concrete slab. In order to reduce runoff from a site and enable groundwater recharge, pervious concrete is a specific variety of concrete with a high porosity that is used for concrete flatwork applications. Pervious concrete allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass through directly. Porous concrete, permeable concrete, no-fine concrete, and porous pavement are other names for it. Pervious concrete is made with large aggregates with little or no small aggregates. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regards pervious concrete as a means of providing storm water management, pollution reduction, and appropriate development. The development of trees is also enhanced by pervious concrete. The behaviour of pervious concrete has been experimentally explored in the current work. The ratio of water to cement was 0.45. The ratio of coarse aggregate to cement was maintained at varying ratios of 1:4 and 1:6. Half of cement is made of fly ash. Experimental research has been done on a variety of pervious concrete qualities, such as workability and compressive strength tests after 7 and 14 days

(Invited) Nucleation and Growth of Small Atomic Aggregates into Superatom Nanoclusters

One of the challenges in nucleation and growth of small atomic aggregates is to develop the novel research field of solid-state chemistry and material science using gas-phase-synthesized superatom nanoclusters. Among various superatoms, the greatest advantage of the central-atom-encapsulating binary superatoms, such as M@Si16, is that their electronic structures can be designed by optimizing the central metal atom M while retaining the geometrical symmetry of the Si16 cage [1], as shown in the figure below. We have systematically investigated the nucleation and growth of M@Si16 superatoms with gas-phase mass spectrometry, and then performed the surface immobilization of the M@Si16 cations and anions on a substrate monodispersively with the size-selective soft-landing. Initial products prepared via the surface immobilization of M@Si16 superatoms on solid surfaces decorated with monolayer films of C60 molecules were investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) [2] and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [3]. Furthermore, we have developed a large-scale synthesis method for M@Si16 (M = Ti and Ta) by scaling up the clean dry-process with a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS, nanojima®) [4] and by a direct liquid embedded trapping (DiLET) method [5]. The spectroscopic results reveal that the structures of soft-landed and isolated M@Si16 superatoms are the metal-encapsulating tetrahedral silicon-cage (METS) [5,6].Furthermore, superatoms of group-5 metals (M = V, Nb, and Ta) encapsulating Si16 cage nanoclusters (M@Si16) can be efficiently generated to form assembled films [7]. Temperature-dependent current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the M@Si16 assembled films revealed that the electrical conduction mechanism is not band transport, but hopping transport with Efros–Shklovskii variable range hopping for all central M atoms [8]. The results show that electrons involved in conduction are strongly correlated to localized electronic states.[1] K. Koyasu, A. Nakajima, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 4998 (2005).[2] M. Nakaya, A. Nakajima, et al. Nanoscale, 6, 14702 (2014).[3] M. Shibuta, A. Nakajima, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 14015 (2015).[4] C. H. Zhang, A. Nakajima, et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 10211 (2013).[5] H. Tsunoyama, A. Nakajima, et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 20507 (2017).[6] H. Tsunoyama, A. Nakajima, et al. Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 1735 (2018).[7] M. Shibuta, A. Nakajima, et al. J. Phys. Chem. C, 124, 28108 (2020).[8] T. Yokoyama, A. Nakajima, et al. J. Phys. Chem. C, 125, 18420 (2021). Figure 1

Liming alkaline clay soils: effects on soil structure, nutrients, barley growth and yield

ABSTRACT Liming before cultivation of sugar beets is favourable even on alkaline soils but knowledge of response in other crops is lacking. Therefore, effects of ground limestone (GL) and structure lime (SL1 slaked lime or SL2 mix of ground limestone and slaked lime) were evaluated in southern Sweden on soil structure, growth and nutrient concentration in barley under four fertilisation strategies 1.5–2 years after application. All lime products increased aggregate stability, but with variations between locations. A lower proportion of large aggregates was found in both limed treatments, and a higher proportion of small aggregates in SL. In barley, grain yield was unaffected while shoot numbers and biomass in first node stage increased for GL and biomass increased further for SL. Structure lime increased potassium concentration in plants in first node stage, due to more potassium in the product. Both lime types increased molybdenum concentration. Ground limestone reduced zinc concentration compared with no liming. Finer seedbed tilth and increased aggregate stability may explain increased biomass for GL. Higher potassium content in SL might be a further explanation. No interactions between liming and fertilisation were found. In conclusion, on the soil types studied, no change of fertilisation strategy is needed due to liming.

GFPT1-Associated Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Mimicking a Glycogen Storage Disease - Diagnostic Pitfalls in Myopathology Solved by Next-Generation-Sequencing.

GFPT1-related congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) is characterized by progressive limb girdle weakness, and less prominent involvement of facial, bulbar, or respiratory muscles. While tubular aggregates in muscle biopsy are considered highly indicative in GFPT1-associated CMS, excessive glycogen storage has not been described. Here, we report on three affected siblings with limb-girdle myasthenia due to biallelic pathogenic variants in GFPT1: the previously reported missense variant c.41G > A (p.Arg14Gln) and the novel truncating variant c.1265_1268del (p.Phe422TrpfsTer26). Patients showed progressive proximal atrophic muscular weakness with respiratory involvement, and a lethal disease course in adulthood. In the diagnostic workup at that time, muscle biopsy suggested a glycogen storage disease. Initially, Pompe disease was suspected. However, enzymatic activity of acid alpha-glucosidase was normal, and gene panel analysis including 38 genes associated with limb-girdle weakness (GAA included) remained unevocative. Hence, a non-specified glycogen storage myopathy was diagnosed. A decade later, the diagnosis of GFPT1-related CMS was established by genome sequencing. Myopathological reexamination showed pronounced glycogen accumulations, that were exclusively found in denervated muscle fibers. Only single fibers showed very small tubular aggregates, identified in evaluation of serial sections. This family demonstrates how diagnostic pitfalls can be addressed by an integrative approach including broad genetic analysis and re-evaluation of clinical as well as myopathological findings.

Hydraulic Performance of Pervious Concrete Based on Small Size Aggregates

The paper aims to study the impact of clogging on pervious concrete mixes and explore a simple method to calculate permeability and clogging using the falling head method in a fabricated unit. The materials used are cementitious materials and aggregates, along with superplasticizers. The cementitious materials used are OPC Grade 53 cement and micro Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (μGGBS). Two separate narrow aggregate gradations are used: 2.36–4.75 mm and 4.75–6.30 mm. The water-binder ratio is taken as 0.25, and the aggregate-binder ratio is taken as 3.33. The compressive strength, permeability, and clogging potential of pervious concrete are calculated. The average permeability for 2.36–4.75 mm and 4.75–6.3 mm is 4.78 mm/s and 8.16 m/s, respectively. The clogging materials used are clay and sand with a concentration of 5 g/l. The introduction of clay slurry reduces the permeability by 69.8% and 74.9%, respectively, and with sand, it decreases by 74.7% and 71.7%, respectively, in its first cycle. The permeability response for such small aggregates is different from the standard coarse aggregates. The paper compares the study’s compressive strength, porosity, and permeability with the existing literature. It concludes that the maximum clogging occurs when the clogging material is introduced to the specimen for the first time. The degradation of permeability depends on the clogging particle’s particulate size and the concrete matrix’s pore size. The smaller aggregates in pervious concrete are not recommended in areas of high siltation.

Structural evolution, digestibility and inhibition on starch digestion of rice glutelin fibril aggregates as affected by incubation

Structural evolution, digestibility and inhibition on starch digestion of rice glutelin fibril aggregates (RGFAs) as affected by incubation were investigated. Thioflavin T fluorescence intensity of the RGFAs, incubated for 4-day, reached the maximum values, which ranged from 845.00 ± 23.52 to 873.67 ± 50.30. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed that the samples heated for 2 h (2 h fibril) were self-assembled from small glutelin aggregates and a few protofibrils into mature fibrils, the samples heated for 4–10 h (4–10 h fibril) were elongated into long, branched fibrils, and the longer fibrils of 15 h fibril sample dissociated into short fibrils after 4-day of incubation. Compared to rice glutelin, the RGFAs showed thermal stability and resistance to proteolysis. The fluorescence retention rate of 6 h fibril, after incubation for 4-day, was 8.62 ± 0.61 % after in vitro stomach and pancreas digestion, which was the highest among all of the samples. The RGFAs incubated for 1-day displayed much better inhibition effects on starch digestion. This was the first study to clarify the relationship between incubation and physicochemical/functional properties of protein fibrils, which could help understand the preservation of food protein fibrils and their application.

Investigation and Characterization of Cell Aggregation During and After Inkjet-Based Bioprinting of Cell-Laden Bioink

Abstract Recently, 3D bioprinting techniques have been broadly recognized as a promising tool to fabricate functional tissues and organs. The bioink used for 3D bioprinting consists of biological materials and cells. Because of the dominant gravitational force, the suspended cells in the bioink sediment resulting in the accumulation and aggregation of cells. This study primarily focuses on the quantification of cell sedimentation-induced cell aggregation during and after inkjet-based bioprinting. The major conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) as the printing time increases from 0 min to 60 min, the percentage of the cells forming cell aggregates at the bottom of the bioink reservoir increases significantly from 3.6% to 54.5%, indicating a severe cell aggregation challenge in 3D bioprinting, (2) during inkjet-based bioprinting, at the printing time of only 15 min, more than 80% of the cells within the nozzle have formed cell aggregates. Both the individual cells and cell aggregates tend to migrate to the vicinity of the nozzle centerline mainly due to the weak shear-thinning properties of the bioink, and (3) after the bioprinting process, the mean cell number per microsphere increases significantly from 0.38 to 1.05 as printing time increases from 0 min to 15 min. The maximum number of cells encapsulated within one microsphere is ten, and 29.8% of the microspheres with cells encapsulated have contained small or large cell aggregates at the printing time of 15 min.

Abstract 3153: Imatinib mesylate treatment improves reprogramming efficiency, and morphology of chronic myeloid leukemia derived induced pluripotent stem cells

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene with constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity. Although the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized the treatment for CML, withdrawal of TKI therapy in patients on deep molecular response causes disease relapse, primarily due to the persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that are insensitive to TKI. As LSCs are a rare population of cells, it is challenging to understand the molecular basis of the disease relapse to tailor strategies to eliminate them selectively. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from primary CML are increasingly used for disease modeling and high through drug screening. Cryopreserved CD34+ from three chronic phase CML patients (n=3) and CD34+ cells from a normal donor after mobilization were expanded in SFEM II supplemented with CD34+ Expansion Supplement (10X) including UM729 for 3-days and were nucleofected with episomal reprogramming plasmids as described previously (Manian et al., 2018). The nucleofection efficiency was 15% in the expanded CD34+ CML and normal cells. While the normal CD34+ cells formed iPSCs with the characteristic flat morphology between 20-24 days, the CML CD34+ cells formed several dome-shaped colonies after 30 days. Two normal CD34+ iPSC colonies continued to maintain their morphology for 12 passages. All the CML iPSC colonies (n=11) expressed the same type of BCR-ABL1 transcript as the CD34+ cells and did not carry any mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain. However, only three of the 11 CML-iPSC colonies could be maintained without significant differentiation after five passages. They lacked typical iPSC morphology and appeared as small cell aggregates or dome-shaped colonies. To understand whether this atypical morphology of the CML iPSC colonies was due to the expression of the BCR-ABL fusion protein within the cells, the medium was supplemented with 10μM imatinib. There was an increase in cell proliferation rate and gain of typical iPSCs morphology similar to normal iPSCs within two days after adding IM. Withdrawal of IM from the IM-treated CML iPSC resulted in a dome-shaped morphology, reduced proliferation rate, and reduction in TRA1-60 expression after 96 hrs. The CML iPSC cultured in the presence of IM showed significant downregulation of phospho-CRKL, a BCR-ABL1 downstream signaling protein, compared to the colonies cultured in the absence of IM. These results suggest that suppression of BCR-ABL1 by treatment with IM produced stable CML iPSC-like phenotype while IM withdrawal resulted in dome-shaped colonies and pushed the cells towards differentiation. This proof-of-concept study identified a unique CML LSCs mimetic model. It would serve as an excellent platform for screening small molecules to eliminate LSCs as it thrives on TKI therapy. Citation Format: Esther Benjamin, Gaurav Joshi, Bharathi Rajamani, Krittika Nandy, Shaji Velayudhan, Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian. Imatinib mesylate treatment improves reprogramming efficiency, and morphology of chronic myeloid leukemia derived induced pluripotent stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3153.

Survival of an Indian Ocean humpback dolphin Sousa plumbea in the wild despite chronic osteologic pathologies

Skeletal examination of a female adult Indian Ocean humpback dolphin Sousa plumbea from South Africa suggested a chronic disease process. It manifested as erosions and pitting of the atlanto-occipital articulation as well as circumferential hyperostosis and ankylosis of some of the caudal vertebrae, findings rarely recorded together in the same animal. The character of the erosive process and vertebral fusion appeared chronic, and further findings of underdevelopment of the fluke, sternum and left humerus with remodeling of the periarticular region of the left scapula may support initiation of the process early in life. Because such chronic pathology would have affected the individual’s locomotion and foraging abilities, we also postulate how this individual survived until its demise in a human-derived environmental hazard. Ecological and socio-behavioral aspects observed in S. plumbea, including habitat preference for inshore and shallow waters, small social group aggregations and feeding cooperation, may have contributed to its ability to survive.

A hierarchical levitating cluster containing transforming small aggregates of water droplets

A new type of levitating droplet cluster composed of often transforming small aggregates of water droplets is described for the first time. Unlike earlier observed droplet clusters controlled by aerodynamic forces, which formed either an ordered hexagonal structure or a chain structure, the cluster under consideration has a hierarchical organization. Small groups of closely spaced or packed droplets with interactions controlled by the electrostatic force are combined into larger structures controlled by aerodynamic forces. Since charged droplets in the nucleus of the cluster do not have dynamically stable configurations, droplet aggregates keep continuously restructuring. However, droplets with lower charges in external layers of the cluster form a stable hexagonal structure. Levitating hierarchical droplet cluster build of small droplet groups.

Nanoparticle-Protein Interaction: Demystifying the Correlation between Protein Corona and Aggregation Phenomena.

Protein corona formation and nanoparticles' aggregation have been heavily discussed over the past years since the lack of fine-mapping of these two combined effects has hindered the targeted delivery evolution and the personalized nanomedicine development. We present a multitechnique approach that combines dynamic light and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques with cryotransmission electron microscopy in a given fashion that efficiently distinguishes protein corona from aggregates formation. This methodology was tested using ∼25 nm model silica nanoparticles incubated with either model proteins or biologically relevant proteomes (such as fetal bovine serum and human plasma) in low and high ionic strength buffers to precisely tune particle-to-protein interactions. In this work, we were able to differentiate protein corona, small aggregates formation, and massive aggregation, as well as obtain fractal information on the aggregates reliably and straightforwardly. The strategy presented here can be expanded to other particle-to-protein mixtures and might be employed as a quality control platform for samples that undergo biological tests.

Constructing ultra-stable photothermal plastics assisted by carbon dots with photocaged reactivity

Constructing ultra-stable photothermal plastics assisted by carbon dots with photocaged reactivity

STUDY ON USING GRINDING PRODUCTS FROM WASTE RUBBER TO REPLACE A PART OF THE AGGREGATE IN CEMENT CONCRETE PRODUCTION

The article presents research results using crushed products from waste rubber to replace a small aggregate and large aggregate part in the manufacture of cement concrete. First, rubber mixtures are classified according to the particle size group corresponding to the size of aggregate to be replaced. Then, small aggregate and large aggregate, at the same time, are replaced by rubber particles with different proportions. The research results show that it is completely possible to fabricate cement concrete grade M20 - M30 when replacing 10-25% of the aggregate volume with a rubber mixture having the same particle size. This has great significance in the search for alternative raw materials to make concrete, in order to reduce the exploitation of natural resources, contribute to limiting environmental pollution, and towards the goal of sustainable development.

Hemostasiological aspects after the planned and urgent laparoscopic operations on the appendages of uterus

Postoperative period was complicated in three supervisions (6,0%) by development of thrombophlebitis of muscular veins of right shin, in one (2,0%) – thromboembolism of pulmonary artery, unconnected with development of sharp thrombophlebitis. In all supervisions after the leadthrough of conservative treatment postoperative complications were with sleeping compartments. Before an operation the indexes of coagulative hemostasis of women, gettings traditional treatment, for certain did not differ from the indexes of healthy women of genital age. At the analysis of platelet link of hemostasis it is set by us, that in preoperative period an amount of thrombocytes was on 47,8% higher as compared to healthy women. In addition, for certain the indexes of number of small aggregation appeared more high – in 2,2 time, number of large aggregation – in 2,9 time, number of aggregation – in 2,3 time higher. Other indexes of platelet hemostasis for certain did not differ from a control group. The results of the conducted researches testify to the high risk of thromohemorrhagic complications for patients after laparoscopic operations on the appendages of uterus. It dictates the necessity of improvement of algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures.

Characterization of tuna dark muscle protein isolate

Fish protein isolate (FPI) was extracted from tuna dark muscle (TDM) using the pH-shift method that improves significantly its sensory quality and nutritional value. The amino-acid composition of the FPI was close to that of TDM, but the total protein content was higher. The solubility of FPI in water was higher than 85% at pH ≥ 6 and pH ≤ 3, but it dropped to about 10% at pH values close to the isoelectric point pI ≈ 5.0. The soluble FPI was present in the form of aggregates that were characterized by light-scattering. The microstructure of FPI solutions on larger length scales was probed by confocal microscopy, large protein flocs formed at pH close to pI. SDS-PAGE indicated that a significant fraction of myosin heavy chains was broken down into smaller chains. The viscosity decreased with decreasing of pH, which correlated with the decreasing size of the aggregates. Novelty Impact Statement Tuna dark muscle (TDM) represents a significant fraction of industrially processed tuna and it is currently considered a low value by-product because of its poor sensory qualities, but TDM has a high protein content that does not suffer from sensory defects if it is extracted by dispersing TDM at pH 12 and precipitating the dissolved protein at pH 5.5. The protein isolate is highly soluble (> 85%) in water at pH > 6 and pH < 3, where it is present in the form of small aggregates with average radii between 90 and 250 nm, depending on the pH. The characterization of the composition of TDM protein isolate and its properties in water show that it is a viable product for use in industrial applications.