Slow Rise Research Articles

A comparison of indigenous vegetable oils and their blends with optimal fatty acid ratio

Oil blending is a trendy method of retaining their visual appeal, which also enhances their quality, stability, and nutritional content. The significance of this study lies in its pioneering approach towards determining the optimal fatty acid ratio through the blending of oils extracted from Bangladeshi origin rice bran, sesame seed, and mustard seed. Three blends were prepared, consisting of unrefined rice bran oil (RBO), unrefined mustard oil (MO), and partially refined sesame oil (SO) in different proportions: 70:20:10, 50:30:20, and 30:40:30, respectively. GC-MS (Gas Chromatogram-Mass Spectrometer) analyses revealed that the 50:30:20 (RBO:MO:SO) blend preserved the optimal ratio of fatty acids, 1:2:1; Saturated fatty acids (SFA): mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA): poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which closely matched the WHO/FAO standards. This blend was further evaluated and compared with each individual oil. Compared to the individual oils, the blended oil demonstrated superior physicochemical qualities. The blend of 50:30:20 (RBO:MO:SO) had a total antioxidant content of 96.046±0.11 %, with an IC50 value of 0.518±0.20 mg/mL. This value was much greater than that of the single oils and on par with standards BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) (97.589±0.40 %) and BHA ((butylated hydroxyanisole) (96.528±0.83 %). Density, viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, saponification value, iodine value, totox value, and color values of blended oil exhibited a slow rise in comparison to other individual vegetable oils under deep frying. The intended fatty acid ratio in the designed oil contributed to improved durability and nutritional potency compared to the individual oils, making it a potentially commercially feasible edible oil. By focusing on indigenous sources, the study aims to harness the unique properties of these oils to create blends that align with the dietary needs and preferences of the local population.

BioLuminescent OptoGenetics in the choroid plexus: integrated opto- and chemogenetic control in vivo.

The choroid plexus (ChP) epithelial network displays diverse dynamics, including propagating calcium waves and individuated fluctuations in single cells. These rapid events underscore the possibility that ChP dynamics may reflect behaviorally relevant and clinically important changes in information processing and signaling. Optogenetic and chemogenetic tools provide spatiotemporally precise and sustained approaches for testing such dynamics in vivo. Here, we describe the feasibility of a novel combined opto- and chemogenetic tool, BioLuminescent-OptoGenetics (BL-OG), for the ChP in vivo. In the "LuMinOpsin" (LMO) BL-OG strategy, a luciferase is tethered to an adjacent optogenetic element. This molecule allows chemogenetic activation when the opsin is driven by light produced through luciferase binding a small molecule (luciferin) or by conventional optogenetic light sources and BL-OG report of activation through light production. To test the viability of BL-OG/LMO for ChP control. Using transgenic and Cre-directed targeting to the ChP, we expressed LMO3 (a Gaussia luciferase-VChR1 fusion), a highly effective construct in neural systems. In mice expressing LMO3 in ChP, we directly imaged BL light production following multiple routes of coelenterazine (CTZ: luciferin) administration using an implanted cannula system. We also used home-cage videography with Deep LabCut analysis to test for any impact of repeated CTZ administration on basic health and behavioral indices. Multiple routes of CTZ administration drove BL photon production, including intracerebroventricular, intravenous, and intraperitoneal injection. Intravenous administration resulted in fast "flash" kinetics that diminished in seconds to minutes, and intraperitoneal administration resulted in slow rising activity that sustained hours. Mice showed no consistent impact of 1 week of intraperitoneal CTZ administration on weight, drinking, motor behavior, or sleep/wake cycles. BL-OG/LMO provides unique advantages for testing the role of ChP dynamics in biological processes.

New insights on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of Chinese marine environmental quality and its driving factors from 2003 to 2021

As land and sea integration continues to accelerate, it will inevitably have an effect on the marine ecological environment. However, the study on spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of Chinese marine environmental quality and its driving factors was lacking. This paper employs Regression Analysis, Spearman Correlation Analysis, Canonical Correlation Analysis, Boston Consulting Group Matrix and Environmental Kuznets Curve to examine the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and correlation factors of Chinese jurisdictional sea areas environmental quality. The environmental quality of the waters under China's jurisdiction improved on average from 2003 to 2021, the area of sea with excellent water quality increased by 7.21 × 104 km2. The spatial distribution showed “South superior, North inferior” trend. The accumulated red tide area is 2.01 × 105 km2, and the green tide has the average maximum area of distribution is 3.13 × 104 km2. The marine dumping area's volume of waste has a three stages of slow rise (2003–2007), steady (2008–2014) and rapid rise (2015–2021). The average percentage of seawater bathing areas with good water quality is 82.10 %. Urban Environmental Infrastructure Investment and Urban Drainage Construction Investments are positively correlated with excellent water quality and negatively correlated with light-sewage water quality. The typical correlation for the group “Environmental Quality/Environmental Governance” is 0.911, and the strongest correlation is between excellent water quality and urban drainage construction investment. The typical correlation coefficient for the “Environmental Quality/Socioeconomic” group is 0.960, and the strongest correlation is between excellent water quality and per capita GDP. The Gross Ocean Product, Per Capita GDP, Proportion of Non-agricultural Industries, Year-end Resident Population, and excellent water quality are positively correlated whereas light-sewage water quality is negatively correlated. Liaoning, Tianjin, Shandong and Guangdong shift from high-pollution-low-investment to low-pollution-low-investment model. Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian and Hainan maintain high-pollution-low-investment model, Hainan maintains high-pollution-high-investment model. Jiangsu maintains low-pollution-low-investment model. Hebei and Guangxi shift from low-pollution-low-investment to low-pollution-high-investment model. Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Guangxi and Shanghai show inverted “N” shape, Jiangsu shows positive “N” shape, Zhejiang and Fujian show monotonic decline shape, Guangdong and Hainan show positive “U” shape. The results could provide valuable suggestions for coastal provinces to accomplish economic development and environmental improvement, which to prevent the old way of “pollution first and treatment later”.

Investigating the origins of the 'double rise' shape in hydrogen permeation transients on pure iron

This study delves into the underlying causes of the atypical 'double rise' shape observed in hydrogen permeation rising transients on pure iron and low alloy steels. Electrochemical permeation experiments on pure iron reveal a fast initial rise, a short pseudo-plateau, and a slow second rise. Similar patterns emerge in the decaying transients. The micro-porosity present in material appears to act as reversible traps, affecting hydrogen diffusion. Surface damage, confirmed by SEM analysis, exacerbates the issue. Utilizing numerical simulations, an FEM model effectively replicates the 'double rise' behavior, attributed to limited recombination/dissociation kinetics at bulk-cavity interfaces. Overall, micro-porosity is identified as the primary factor behind this unique permeation curve shape.

Mechanism underlying the tenderness evolution of stir-fried pork slices with heating rate revealed by infrared thermal imaging assistance

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of cooking intensity on the tenderness of stir-fried pork slices from the perspective of the changes in temperature distribution. Infrared thermal imaging was used to monitor the distribution of temperature. Results showed that the high-level heat (HH) treatment could improve tenderness. When the center temperature increased to 100 °C, the shear force of samples from the low-level heat (LH) group increased by around 3-fold, and HH reduced this upward trend. This result was mainly attributed to the shorter heating time undergone by the HH-treated samples compared to the LH treatment, which resulted in less structural shrinkage and faster passing through the protein denaturation interval of the samples. These changes alleviated temperature fluctuations caused by water loss. This explanation could be confirmed by the results of T2 relaxation time and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). However, the LH treatment caused a slower rise in oil temperature due to more moisture migration, which required the samples to undergo longer thermal denaturation, leading to a deterioration in tenderness. Moreover, histological analysis revealed that the greater integrity of endomysium in the HH group inhibited water loss and oil absorption, which contributed to obtain low-fat meat products with higher tenderness. This study provides support for the industrialization of traditional pork cuisines using oil as the heating medium.

Depositional mechanism of Duwi Formation organic-rich rocks in anoxic Campanian-early Maastrichtian condensed sections in the Qusseir–Safaga region in Eastern Desert of Egypt and their economic importance

The organic-rich rocks of the Duwi Formation have gained much attention in recent years because of the growing demand for their utilization as energy and metal sources. A depositional model for these important rocks is delineated in the present study based on multiple analytical approaches. Samples from these organic-rich rocks were collected from eight mines in the Qusseir-Safaga region along the Red Sea coast in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. These mines are located at El Nakheil, Younis, El Beida, Atshan, Hamadat, Tundub Bahri, Tundub Qubli, and Zog EL Bahr. The depositional model is based firstly on organic geochemical and petrographical analyses of the organic matter to identify its enrichment, composition, hydrocarbon potential, types and origin, and their relationship to rock minerals. Secondly, the inorganic geochemical analysis, including mineralogy and trace elements, is integrated to explore the lithological characteristics and to confirm the results obtained from other analyses. Only the El Nakheil, Atshan, Tundub Bahri, and Tundub Qubli mines are found to have total organic carbon content above 10 wt%. These mines contain hydrogen-rich organic matter that reached a maximum in the El Nakheil Mine as reflected in the Rock-Eval parameters of S2 (137.95 mg HC/g rock) and hydrogen index (HI of 707 mg HC/g TOC). The organic matter is composed mainly of large sheet-like alginite particles and prasinophytes that are finely laminated with minerals, planktonic debris of fish bones, and foraminifera without any sign of the presence of benthic organisms or bioturbation. This lamination is attributed to the occurrence of condensed sections in the studied mines. In addition, the high organic enrichment in terms of quantity and quality is accompanied by enriched metal composition including trace elements that signify anoxic conditions and low sedimentation rates. This composition points to the occurrence of prominent anoxic conditions that are stabilized by a slow sea level rise, which inhibits water circulation and water column stagnation in a restricted basin. The depositional model emphasizes the optimal balance between anoxia, sedimentation rate, and paleoproductivity that resulted in enhanced organic matter preservation in a condensed section. The deposition of the organic-rich rocks is situated in the deep parts of the basin or depocenters that reached their present-day distribution by topographic inversion. The organic and metalliferous reserves in these organic-rich sediments are calculated in the studied mines. The estimation of these reserves is found to be economic for many trace metals in an ore reserve that reached 151742 tons in one bed alone within the Duwi Formation.

Genesis of the Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo Deposit, Tibet, China: Constraints from in situ Trace Elements and Sr Isotopic Analysis of Scheelite

AbstractThe Nuri deposit is the only Cu‐W‐Mo polymetallic deposit with large‐scale WO3 resources in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt, Tibet, China. However, the genetic type of this deposit has been controversial since its discovery. Based on a study of the geological characteristics of the deposit, this study presents mineralization stages, focusing on the oxide stage and the quartz‐sulfide stage where scheelite is mainly formed, referred to as Sch‐A and Sch‐B, respectively. Through LA‐ICP‐MS trace element and Sr isotope analyses, the origin, evolutionary process of the ore‐forming fluid and genesis of the ore deposit are investigated. Scanning Electron Microscope‐Cathodoluminescence (SEM‐CL) observations reveal that Sch‐A consists of three generations, with dark gray homogenous Sch‐A1 being replaced by relatively lighter and homogeneous Sch‐A2 and Sch‐A3, with Sch‐A2 displaying a gray CL image color with vague and uneven growth bands and Sch‐A3 has a light gray CL image color with hardly any growth band. In contrast, Sch‐B exhibits a ‘core‐rim’ structure, with the core part (Sch‐B1) being dark gray and displaying a uniform growth band, while the rim part (Sch‐B2) is light gray and homogeneous. The normalized distribution pattern of rare earth elements in scheelite and Sr isotope data suggest that the early ore‐forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from granodiorite porphyry and, later on, some country rock material was mixed in, due to strong water‐rock interaction. Combining the O‐H isotope data further indicates that the ore‐forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from magmatic‐hydrothermal sources, with contributions from metamorphic water caused by water‐rock interaction during the mineralization process, as well as later meteoric water. The intense water‐rock interaction likely played a crucial role in the precipitation of scheelite, leading to varying Eu anomalies in different generations of scheelite from the oxide stage to the quartz‐sulfide stage, while also causing a gradual decrease in oxygen fugacity (fO2) and a slow rise in pH value. Additionally, the high Mo and low Sr contents in the scheelite are consistent with typical characteristics of magmatic‐hydrothermal scheelite. Therefore, considering the geological features of the deposit, the geochemical characteristics of scheelite and the O‐H isotope data published previously, it can be concluded that the genesis of the Nuri deposit belongs to porphyry‐skarn deposit.

Abstract TP36: Angiotensin II Induced Hypertension Increases the Brain Expression and Enzymatic Activity of CD38

Introduction: CD38 is an ectoenzyme that was shown to mediate the age-dependent decrease in NAD + levels. We have shown that CD38 expression and enzymatic activity are increased in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats, a model of human cerebral small vessel disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that hypertension (HTN) induced by angiotensin II (ANG-II) infusion leads to an increase in CD38 expression and enzymatic activity. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (10-13) weeks of age underwent subcutaneous infusion of ANG-II (600 ng/kg/min) or saline for a 2-week duration through implanted osmotic pumps. CD38 expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western Blotting. CD38 enzymatic activity was assessed in the brain homogenate by measuring the NAD + analogue conversion to the fluorescent product (ε-ADPR). Dihydroethidium, diaminofluorescein, JZL1707 sensor, and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the levels of superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), NAD(P)H, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the brain, respectively. Results: Ang-II infusion caused a slow rise of blood pressure leading to HTN. The brain of ANG-II infused mice showed 48% increase in the expression (P=0.013) and 73% increase in enzymatic activity (P=0.044) of CD38 compared to control mice. The expression of CD38 localized mainly to the endothelial cells in the ANG-II infused mice brains. The brains of ANG-II infused mice also had 26% lower levels of NAD(P)H (P<0.0001), 226% higher superoxide (P<0.0001), 32% lower NO (P<0.0001) and 30% lower eNOS levels (P=0.003) compared to control mice. Conclusions: ANG-II induced HTN increases CD38 expression and enzymatic activity with oxidative stress and lower levels of NAD(P)H. These results suggest a potential role of elevated CD38 enzymatic activity in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular dysfunction induced by ANG-II as well as that seen in other models of HTN.

Virtual water flows and drivers in the international trade of agricultural products of the regional comprehensive economic partnership.

The regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) is today the largest free trade area in the world. This paper examines agricultural trade in the RCEP from 2010 to 2019 through the perspective of virtual water. And the drivers of the virtual water flow between China and the RCEP are also explored. The results are as follows: the virtual water flow during the study period was 2,576.51 billion m3. From a temporal perspective, the annual virtual water flow over the study period is characterized by a slow rise-significant fall-slow rise. It has the characteristics of concentration in spatial distribution and water resources and product structure. However, the concentration degree showed a downward trend during the study period. Then, we have divided the major trading into four categories based on whether there is a shortage of water on both sides of the trade. In terms of the drivers of virtual water flows between China and the RCEP, we have used the gravity model to arrive at the following findings: crop yields, bilateral economic scale, and agricultural labor resources are the main drivers. Our research results have reference values for adjusting bilateral agricultural trade and water conservation.

‘The Husband, For Whom She Endures All This’: Dutch Men in Childbirth, 1900–1940

Summary I argue that in the early twentieth-century Netherlands, fathers regularly attended the birth of their children, and that this attendance was generally accepted or even encouraged by doctors. My findings contrast with existing historiography on the Anglo-Saxon countries, where, at the time, fathers were usually not present at births. I explain this difference between the Netherlands and the Anglo-Saxon countries through the ideal of the harmonious family that permeated Dutch society at the time. I show how birth was seen as a family event, in which the father should be emotionally involved. Men had to manage this emotional involvement carefully: they had to display emotions without losing control of these emotions. My findings show that we need to study doctor-led births in order to fully understand the slow rise of hospital births in the Netherlands.

Climate factors drive plant distributions at higher taxonomic scales and larger spatial scales

IntroductionUnderstanding the environmental effects shaping plant distributions is crucial for predicting future ecosystems under climate change. The effects of different environmental factors may vary in their importance in determining plant distributions at different spatial and taxonomic scales, which affects our understanding of plant–environment relationships. However, this has not yet been systematically explored.MethodsHere we combined global distribution data of 205 widely distributed plant families and environmental data from multiple global databases. We then used the random forest algorithm to quantify the relative importance of environmental factors (including climate, soil, and topography) on the distribution of plants at three taxonomic levels (family, genus, and species) and multiple spatial scales (10 spatial extents from 1° × 1° to 10° × 10° randomly located across the globe). Mixed-effect models were used to assess the significance of spatial and taxonomic scales on relative environmental effects across the globe.ResultsWe found that climate factors had increasing importance on plant distributions at higher taxonomic scales and larger spatial scales (yet stochastic effects at spatial extents finer than 4° × 4°). Edaphic factors congruously decreased their importance on plant distributions as spatial and taxonomic scales increased. Topographic factors had a relatively larger influence at higher taxonomic levels (i.e., family>genus>species), but with a relatively slow rise with the increase in spatial scale.DiscussionsOur findings are generally aligned with current knowledge but have also indicated the potential complexity underlying the scale-dependence of relative environmental effects on plant distributions. Overall, we highlight a multi-scale insight into ecological patterns and underlying mechanistic processes.

Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons Exposed to the Mitochondrial Uncoupler Carbonyl Cyanide Chlorophenylhydrazone Undergo a Rapid, Presenilin-Dependent Change in Neuronal Properties.

Presenilin 1 (PS1) is a transmembrane proteolytic subunit of γ-secretase that cleaves amyloid precursor proteins. Mutations in PS1 (mPS1) are associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between mutated PS1, mitochondrial calcium regulation, and AD has been studied extensively in different test systems. Despite the wide-ranging role of mPS1 in AD, there is a paucity of information on the link between PS1 and neuronal cell death, a hallmark of AD. In the present study, we employed the selective mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and compared the reactivity of mPS1-transfected cultured rat hippocampal neurons with PS1 and control neurons in a situation of impaired mitochondrial functions. CCCP causes a slow rise in cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium in all three groups of neurons, with the mPS1 neurons demonstrating a faster rise. Consequently, mPS1 neurons were depolarized by CCCP and measured with TMRM, a mitochondrial voltage indicator, more than the other two groups. Morphologically, CCCP produced more filopodia in mPS1 neurons than in the other two groups, which were similarly affected by the drug. Finally, mPS1 transfected neurons tended to die from prolonged exposure to CCCP sooner than the other groups, indicating an increase in vulnerability associated with a lower ability to regulate excess cytosolic calcium.

Comparative Study of Latanoprost Drug Delivery Systems for Glaucoma Treatment and Their Interaction with the Tear Film Lipid Layer Models.

This study investigates the interaction of two approved and one newly developed latanoprost formulation with in vitro and in silico models of the tear film and tear film lipid layer (TFLL). Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analogue used for intraocular elevated pressure treatment, is topically delivered by nanocarriers within aqueous solutions or emulsions. The study focuses on the impact of these carriers on drug interactions with the tear film and their effect on the TFLL. Three different types of latanoprost carriers, micellar, nanoemulsion, and polymer-based, were compared, and each revealed distinct interaction patterns with the TFLL. Surface pressure kinetics demonstrated a rapid increase for the benzalkonium chloride formulation and a slow rise for the preservative-free variants. Visualization of the acellular in vitro TFLL model revealed different patterns of incorporation for each formulation, indicating unique interaction mechanisms. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed different mechanisms of drug release in the TFLL between micellar and nanoemulsion formulations. In-depth examination highlighted the role of triglyceride molecules in replenishing the nonpolar layer of the TFLL, which suggests potential improvements in ocular surface compatibility by adjusting the quality and concentration of the oily phase. These findings suggest the potential for optimizing latanoprost formulations by tuning the oily phase-to-surfactant ratio and selecting suitable surfactants.

Development, Physicochemical Characteristics and Pharmacokinetics of a New Sustained-Release Bilayer Tablet Formulation of Tramadol with an Immediate-Release Component for Twice-Daily Administration.

There are some potential concerns about the currently marketed solid oral dosage forms of tramadol, including decreased adherence to immediate-release (IR) formulations due to the high number of doses taken each day and the slow rise in the blood tramadol concentration after administration of sustained-release (SR) formulations, which may not achieve a rapid analgesic effect. To overcome these potential concerns, a twice-daily double-layered tablet formulation of tramadol comprising IR and SR layers was developed. This article reports studies that assessed its physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Dissolution tests of five bilayer tablet formulations (designated tablets A-E) and pharmacokinetic studies of tablets A and B were conducted to investigate the appropriate ratio of the IR/SR layers in the double-layered tablet. Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies of three finished dosage formulations (tablets C-E) were performed in healthy adult males to investigate the effect of food intake on drug absorption. Adjusting the excipients and tramadol content in the IR and SR layers of tablets A-E altered their dissolution profiles in a manner that could be predicted based on their compositions. The IR layer was released within 15min, and the SR layer was slowly released over 10h. In the pharmacokinetic study, the time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) of tramadol after administration of tablets A (IR:SR: 20:80mg) and B (40:60mg) was shorter than that of a commercially available SR tablet, and the half-life (t1/2) was longer than that of a commercially available IR tablet. For tablets C-E, administration after food did not affect the area under theconcentration-time curve (AUC) or maximum drug concentration (Cmax) of tramadol, but the tmax was prolonged by about 1 h compared with administration in fasting conditions. The mean ± standard deviation tmax and t1/2 for tablet D (IR:SR: 35:65 mg) in the fasting condition was 1.09 ± 0.56h and 7.82 ± 0.85h, respectively. The respective values in the fed condition were 2.47 ± 1.06h and 7.12 ± 0.85h, respectively. To address the potential concerns regarding existing formulations of tramadol, a twice-daily, extended-release bilayer formulation of tramadol consisting of an IR and SR layer was developed. Pharmacokinetic studies confirmed that the plasma tramadol concentration increased quickly after administration and was maintained over a long period of time.

Agricultural insurance and rural revitalization-an empirical analysis based on China's provincial panel data.

Agricultural insurance is a kind of compensation insurance designed to provide protection for the economic losses caused by insured accidents suffered by agricultural producers in agricultural production. Rural revitalization refers to the strategy of improving the level of rural economic, social and cultural development and achieving coordinated and sustainable development of urban and rural development. Agricultural insurance can effectively diversify risks and reduce losses for agricultural producers, which plays an important role in stabilizing farmers' income, helping rural economic development, and promoting rural revitalization. Based on the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization, this paper empirically studies the effect of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization by using panel data from various provinces in China from 2011 to 2020. In this paper, the TOPSIS entropy weight method, the system generalized method of moments (GMM) and the threshold model are used to calculate the actual development level of rural revitalization in each province of China, the promotion effect of agricultural insurance on the development level of rural revitalization and the promotion of rural revitalization in five dimensions, and whether there is a threshold effect of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization. The empirical results show that: (1) The level of rural revitalization in various provinces in China shows a dynamic trend of "overall slow rise, with obvious differences between provinces." (2) Improving the development level of agricultural insurance can drive the improvement of China's rural revitalization level, and every 1 unit increase in the development level of agricultural insurance will drive the level of China's rural revitalization to increase by 0.1633 units. At the same time, the role of agricultural insurance on social etiquette and civility is not significant, and the role of the remaining four rural revitalization goals is significant. (3) Agricultural insurance has a significant effect on the level of rural revitalization in eastern provinces, but does not play a significant role in rural revitalization in central and western provinces. (4) The role of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization has a double threshold effect. Accordingly, this paper puts forward some suggestions for increasing the capital investment in agricultural insurance, innovating the new mode of agricultural insurance operation, promoting the in-depth development of agricultural insurance according to local conditions, and reasonably adjusting the capital investment of agricultural insurance. Finally, because the data used in this paper do not cover the entire process of rural revitalization and the research is mainly carried out from a macro perspective, there are still some shortcomings in this paper.

Parameter determination and effect evaluation of gob-side entry retaining by directional roof cutting and pressure releasing

Cutting the roof and releasing pressure to form a roadway is a crucial technical measure to guarantee the stability of the gob-side entry, and the parameters for cutting the roof are the core issue that requires consideration in the technique. This paper studies the engineering case of the gob-side entry on the 3405 working face of the Danyang coal mine. Theoretical calculation and analysis were conducted to obtain the range of roof cutting heights and roof cutting angles, numerical simulation method was used to simulate different roof cutting parameters. It is found that the roof cutting and pressure releasing technique can sever the cantilever beam structure of the main roof, segregate stress transmission between rock bodies, diminish deformation of the roadway, alleviate stress on the flexible formwork concrete wall, and enhance the stability of the gob-side entry. Furthermore, the appropriate height and angle of the roof cutting were verified to be 15 m and 15° in the case and the effect of cutting was checked by using borehole viewer. On the basis, flexible formwork concrete wall stress and roadway deformation in uncut and cut roof were measured and analyzed in field test. The results show that the maximum stress on the flexible formwork concrete wall is reduced from 160 kN to 20 kN after the roof cutting, total roadway deformation reduced by around 40 %, the stability of the gob-side entry is effectively ensured. Meanwhile, the transformation laws of stress on the flexible formwork concrete wall were changed by cutting roof. It is transitioning from a three-stage pattern of rapid rise, slow rise, and stabilization before the roof cutting to a three-stage pattern of rapid rise, gradual decrease, and stabilization after the roof cutting.

Observations of a Failed Solar Filament Eruption Involving External Reconnection

We report a failed solar filament eruption that involves external magnetic reconnection in a quadrupolar magnetic configuration. The evolution exhibits three phases of kinematic evolution: a slow rise, an acceleration, and a deceleration. In the early slow rise, extreme-ultraviolet brightenings appear at the expected null point above the filament and are connected to the outer polarities by the hot loops, indicating the occurrence of a breakout reconnection. Subsequently, the filament is accelerated outward, accompanied by the formation of low-lying high-temperature post-flare loops (>15 MK), complying with the standard flare model. However, after 2–3 minutes, the erupting filament starts to decelerate and is finally confined in the corona. The important finding is that the confinement is closely related to an external reconnection as evidenced by the formation of high-lying large-scale hot loops (>10 MK) with their brightened footpoints at the outer polarities, the fragmentation and subsequent falling of the filament along the newly formed large-scale loops, as well as a hard X-ray source close to one of the outer footpoint brightenings. We propose that, even though the initial breakout reconnection and subsequent flare reconnection commence and accelerate the filament eruption, the following external reconnection between the erupting flux rope and overlying field, as driven by the upward filament eruption, causes the eruption to finally fail, as validated by the numerical simulation of a failed flux rope eruption.

Algorithms for automatic measurement of SIS-type hysteretic underdamped Josephson junction's parameters by current-voltage characteristics

Some electrical parameters of the SIS-type hysteretic underdamped Josephson junction (JJ) can be measured by its current-voltage characteristics (IVCs). Currents and voltages at JJ are commensurate with the intrinsic noise level of measuring instruments. This leads to the need for multiple measurements with subsequent statistical processing. In this paper, the digital algorithms are proposed for the automatic measurement of the JJ parameters by IVC. These algorithms make it possible to implement multiple measurements and check these JJ parameters in an automatic mode with the required accuracy. The complete sufficient statistics are used to minimize the root-mean-square error of parameter measurement. A sequence of current pulses with slow rising and falling edges is used to drive JJ, and synchronous current and voltage readings at JJ are used to realize measurement algorithms. The algorithm performance is estimated through computer simulations. The significant advantage of the proposed algorithms is the independence from current source noise and intrinsic noise of current and voltage meters, as well as the simple implementation in automatic digital measuring systems. The proposed algorithms can be used to control JJ parameters during mass production of superconducting integrated circuits, which will improve the production efficiency and product quality.

Long-Term Cause-Specific Mortality in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients - a Nationwide Danish Cohort Study

Introduction: The documented treatment-induced excess mortality in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has led to significant changes in treatment regimens aimed at maintaining efficacy while reducing toxicity. These modifications include the replacement of alkylator-based regimens with anthracycline-based combinations and the adoption of highly conformal radiotherapy. Danish and Nordic radiation oncologists were pioneers in implementing these changes nationwide 10-15 years earlier than most other nations. These early adaptations make Danish HL data uniquely valuable for assessing long-term mortality in a cohort where modern treatment regimens have been implemented nationwide throughout the entire study period. The impact of these treatment modifications on mortality risk in HL survivors remains unclear, therefore, this study aims to assess cause-specific mortality among HL patients treated with contemporary strategies. Methods: This nationwide, unselected study included all HL patients in Denmark aged 15-40 years at diagnosis and treated between 1995 and 2015. Patients were followed from diagnosis until emigration, death, or the study end. HL cases were identified through meticulous individual record reviews of medical records, national registries, and pathology data. Disease-specific death due to HL was the primary outcome, with other cause-specific mortality as a competing risk. Cox proportional hazard models assessed factors influencing overall survival and cause-specific survival. A landmark analysis was conducted to compare the risk of death between the study population and the national background population. Results: Among 1,348 included HL patients, 66.5% had Ann Arbor stage I-II at the time of diagnosis. During 18,731 person-years of follow-up, 139 deaths occurred, resulting in a 5-year overall survival rate of 94.6% (95% CI 93.4-95.8). Factors associated with higher overall mortality risk included older age, advanced disease stage at diagnosis, earlier treatment periods, and exposure to intensive treatment regimens. Causes of death included: HL (71 cases), cardiovascular disease (9 cases), second malignancies (19 cases including 3 hematologic malignancies), bone-marrow transplant-related complications (9 cases), acute treatment-related toxicity (<5 cases), pulmonary diseases (<5 cases), other diseases not related to HL (11 cases), and deaths related to accidents, poisoning or suicide (7 cases). The cumulative risk of mortality due to HL steeply increased over the first 10 years, reaching a plateau at 5.3% at the 10-year mark. Cumulative risk of death due to cardiovascular or pulmonary disease and second cancers had a gradual increase around 10 years after HL diagnosis, but only reached 1.2% and 2.0%, respectively, at the 20-year mark. The cumulative risk of death due to other causes had a slower rise, reaching 2.5% 15 years after diagnosis. Stratifying the cumulative cause-specific risk of death into HL and other causes, we found an initial sharp increase in cumulative risk of death due to HL in the first year after diagnosis, which was surpassed by the risk of death from other causes by 17.8 years of follow-up, with a cumulative risk of death of 5.72%. HL cases had a 7.5-fold higher hazard of mortality compared to the background population. Conclusion: Despite the implementation of contemporary treatment regimes, HL patients still face higher mortality compared to the general population. In the initial years after diagnosis, most deaths are disease-specific, while the risk of mortality due to possible treatment-related late effects gradually increases after 10 years. However, our findings demonstrate a markedly lower overall risk of mortality and cause-specific mortality among HL patients exposed to contemporary treatment, compared to the risk reported in earlier studies among patients from earlier treatment eras (Aleman, B. et al. Long-term cause-specific mortality of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol21 2003, 3431-3439). Furthermore, we observe a remarkably low overall and cause-specific risk of death due to possible treatment-related late effects. The treatment of HL remains a balance between efficacy and toxicity in the individual patient, but our results suggest that recent changes in treatment strategies have led to a distinct reduction in the risk of fatal long-term toxicity and have improved HL-specific survival.

Late Blood Levels of Neurofilament Light Correlate With Outcome in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Neurofilament light (NF-L) is an axonal protein that has shown promise as a traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarker. Serum NF-L shows a rather slow rise after injury, peaking after 1-2 weeks, although some studies suggest that it may remain elevated for months after TBI. The aim of this study was to examine if plasma NF-L levels several months after the injury correlate with functional outcome in patients who have sustained TBIs of variable initial severity. In this prospective study of 178 patients with TBI and 40 orthopedic injury controls, we measured plasma NF-L levels in blood samples taken at the follow-up appointment on average 9 months after injury. Patients with TBI were divided into two groups (mild [mTBI] vs. moderate-to-severe [mo/sTBI]) according to the severity of injury assessed with the Glasgow Coma Scale upon admission. Recovery and functional outcome were assessed using the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE). Higher levels of NF-L at the follow-up correlated with worse outcome in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI (Spearman's rho = -0.18; p < 0.001). In addition, in computed tomography-positive mTBI group, the levels of NF-L were significantly lower in patients with GOSE 7-8 (median 18.14; interquartile range [IQR] 9.82, 32.15) when compared with patients with GOSE <7 (median 73.87; IQR 32.17, 110.54; p = 0.002). In patients with mTBI, late NF-L levels do not seem to provide clinical benefit for late-stage assessment, but in patients with initially mo/sTBI, persistently elevated NF-L levels are associated with worse outcome after TBI and may reflect ongoing brain injury.