Slot-loaded Patch Antenna Research Articles

Effects of different manufacturing techniques on the performance of planar antennas

This study investigates antenna performance based on its manufacturing process. Two types of planar antennas are manufactured on FR-4 dielectric using three different techniques: traditional lithography, laser ablation, and the novel SSAIL (selective surface activation by laser) technique. Various characteristics, such as reflection coefficient, gain, half-power beamwidth, and surface conductivity, are measured to compare the results. These findings offer invaluable insights for choosing the most suitable antenna manufacturing technique, particularly since the SSAIL technique has not been previously compared to alternative methods in the context of antenna production. In both types of antennas, the highest gain is achieved using laser ablation, with the slot-loaded patch antenna reaching 8.5 dBi and the Yagi-Uda antenna reaching 9.76 dBi. Antennas manufactured using SSAIL technology are notable for their excellent resolution and usefulness in constructing structures on non-metallized dielectrics.

SAR Analysis of Hexagonal-shaped Slot Loaded Patch Antenna for Hyperthermia Application at 434 MHz

SAR Analysis of Hexagonal-shaped Slot Loaded Patch Antenna for Hyperthermia Application at 434 MHz

An Embroidered Slot-loaded Patch Antenna for Characterization of Dielectric Materials

An Embroidered Slot-loaded Patch Antenna for Characterization of Dielectric Materials

Analysis, Design and Fabrication of a Square Slot Loaded (SSL) Millimeter-Wave Patch Antenna Array for 5G Applications

A new compact [Formula: see text] microstrip patch antenna array design for future 5G applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna array consists of square slot loaded with four radiating patch elements. The corporate feed network has been implemented for the excitation of the array. The feed line is connected to the square slot patch through a quarter-wave transformer matching network. The proposed array is designed on an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, thickness of 1.6[Formula: see text]mm and loss tangent (tan[Formula: see text] of 0.02. It has a compact dimension of 9.590[Formula: see text] 17.802[Formula: see text]. The proposed structure has been designed and simulated by using commercially available HFSS software. The simulated results (reflection coefficient, gain, efficiency, radiation pattern) are verified through the measurement process to confirm the validity of the design concept. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed structure resonates at 38.1[Formula: see text]GHz with a [Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text]dB impedance bandwidth of about 3700[Formula: see text]MHz (36.5[Formula: see text]GHz to 40.2[Formula: see text]GHz). The reflection coefficient at 38.1[Formula: see text]GHz is [Formula: see text]34[Formula: see text]dB, with a maximum gain of 7.81[Formula: see text]dB. The proposed square slot loaded patch antenna array is very promising for 5G communications at 38[Formula: see text]GHz band (37–40[Formula: see text]GHz).

A Compact Dual Polarized Ring Slot Loaded Patch Antenna for Navic Applications

A Compact Dual Polarized Ring Slot Loaded Patch Antenna for Navic Applications

Deca Band Inset Fed Cross Slot Loaded Patch Antenna for LTE Applications

The cross slot loaded patch antenna with inset feed is designed and fabricated on FR4 substrate to get deca band. This proposed antenna consists of a cross slot on a rectangular patch with inset feeding, on a dielectric substrate. The simulated results of proposed antenna have ten resonating frequencies (2.30, 3.90, 5.30, 6.10, 8.70, 10.0, 12.9, 14.10,16.20, 19.0 GHz) while measured results of proposed antenna have eleven resonating frequencies (2.3089, 4.1079, 5.3073, 6.2069, 8.8056, 10.1050, 11.8041, 12.5038,14.3028, 16.1019, 19.1004 GHz). The frequency bands are useful for S band, C band, X band, Ku band, K band and for LTE applications. Frequency bands like 2.30, 5.30, 8.70 can be useful for LTE applications while other frequency bands can be used for different applications such as WIFI, WiMAX, satellite communication, radar communication etc. The simulation for desired antenna is performed with the help of software HFSS.

A low profile broadband circularly polarized planar antenna with an embedded slot realized on a reactive impedance surface

A low profile and broadband slotted microstrip patch antenna on reactive impedance surface (RIS) is proposed as a circularly polarized (CP) planar antenna. The proposed structure consists of metallic via, complementary Landolt C-shape slot loaded patch antenna and a 7 × 7 array of rectangular RIS. The inductive RIS, having magnetic energy storing ability, is utilized to achieve miniaturization and enhancement of circular polarization bandwidth (CPBW). The 3-dB CPBW is further increased by using metallic via and embedding a complementary Landolt C shape slot in the second quadrant of the patch. A fabricated prototype was developed that has an overall size of 61.5 mm × 57 mm × 4.08 mm (0.984λ0 × 0.912λ0 × 0.0652λ0 at 4.8 GHz). Measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The measured 3-dB-axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 28.9% (4428–5815 MHz). The measured impedance bandwidth is 46.52% (3743–5976 MHz), which covers WLAN, Wi-Max and 5G communications. The antenna radiates left-handed CP wave at boresight direction with realized gain ranging from 5.3 to 6.8 dBic within the 3-dB AR bandwidth.

Slot-Loaded Microstrip Patch Sensor Antenna for High-Sensitivity Permittivity Characterization

A slot-loaded microstrip patch sensor antenna is proposed to enhance sensitivity in measuring the permittivity of planar materials. A thin rectangular slot was etched along the radiating edge of a rectangular patch antenna fed by a microstrip transmission line. Two resonant frequencies were created at a lower frequency compared to the single resonant frequency of a conventional ordinary patch antenna. The sensitivity of the proposed slot-loaded patch antenna was measured by the shift in the resonant frequency of the input reflection coefficient when the planar dielectric superstrate was placed above the patch, and was compared with that of a conventional patch antenna without the slot. The two antennas were designed and fabricated on a 0.76 mm-thick RF-35 substrate for the first resonant frequency to resonate at 2.5 GHz under unloaded conditions. Five different standard dielectric samples with dielectric constants ranging from 2.17 to 10.2 were tested for sensitivity comparison. The experiment results showed that the measured sensitivity of the proposed patch antenna were 3.54 to 4.53 times higher, compared to a conventional patch antenna, for the five samples.

Low-Profile Wideband Slot-Loaded Patch Antenna With Multiresonant Modes

A low-profile and wideband patch antenna is proposed for base station applications. In order to realize a wide band, two types of slots are adopted and three resonant modes are constructed within a band of interest. The mode analysis is conducted to clarify the wideband performance. The designed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 52.7% (from 1.62 to 2.78 GHz) with a low-profile structure of ${\text{0.7}}\lambda _{0}\,\times \,{\text{0.47}}\lambda _{0}\,\times \,{\text{0.084}}\lambda _{0}$ , where $\lambda _{0}$ is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency. The measurement results of a prototype agree well with the simulations. The measured average gain is 6 dBi, and the radiation patterns remain stable in the required band with low cross polarization, low backlobes, and nearly identical E- and H-plane patterns. The proposed multiresonant antenna can cover six bands of wireless communication, such as DCS, PCS, UMTS, WLAN, LTE2300, and LTE2600, exhibiting great potentials in applications of multiband wireless communication systems.

WIDEBAND METAMATERIAL SOLAR CELL ANTENNA FOR 5 GHZ WI-FI COMMUNICATION

In this paper, a novel design for a wideband integrated photovoltaic (PV) solar cell patch antenna for 5 GHz Wi-Fi communication is presented and discussed. The design consists of a slot loaded patch antenna with an array of complimentary split ring resonators (cSRR) etched in the ground plane. This is then integrated with a solar cell element placed above the patch, where the ground plane of the solar cell acts as a stacked antenna element from an RF perspective. The design is simulated on CST Microwave Studio and fabricated. The results indicate that an impedance bandwidth of 1 GHz is achieved to cover the 5 GHz Wi-Fi band with a gain of between 7.73 dBi and 8.18 dBi across this band. It is also demonstrated that size reduction of up to 25% can be achieved. Moreover, it is noted that using a metamaterial loaded ground plane acts as an impedance transformer, therefore the antenna can be fed directly with a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, hence further reducing the overall size.

1-Bit Reconfigurable Unit Cell for Ka-Band Transmitarrays

This letter presents an electronically reconfigurable, linearly polarized unit cell for transmitarray applications in Ka-band. A 1-bit phase resolution (namely with two phase states 0 ° and 180 °) is obtained using two p-i-n diodes mounted on a slot-loaded patch antenna. The design, realization, and experimental characterization in a standard waveguide simulator are reported. The measured insertion losses only reach 1.09 and 1.29 dB for the two-phase states, respectively, with a 3-dB transmission bandwidth of about 11.2%.

Tri-Band Parallel Slots Loaded Circular Disk Patch Antenna for C and X-Band Applications

This paper presents the tri-band slot loaded patch antenna for mobile communication. The antenna consists of parallel slots loaded circular disk with defected ground structure antenna (DGS). The antenna without DGS, acts like wide band antenna and bandwidth is 34.45% (3.47 - 4.92 GHz) with maximum gain of 4.97 dBi, which can be used in WiMax application. This structure has the following advantages: 1) co-axial feeding technique, which is very simple as compared to other feeding technique, 2) simple and cost effective and 3) it is more efficient than the antenna without DGS. This antenna has been analyzed using IE3D simulation software.

High Gain Patch Antenna for WBAN Applications

This paper proposes a Rectangular Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna (RCPPA) that can be used for WBAN applications. The antenna is operating at 869.3 MHz, with enhanced gain, directivity and efficiency. With truncations on diagonally opposite sides and coaxial feed on Y axis a right hand circular polarization has been achieved. The antenna also shows reduction in surface waves, has no back radiation and is thinner in physical size, which makes it more suitable for WBAN applications. The properties of proposed antenna is then compared with Compact Slot Loaded Patch Antenna (CSLPA), which is already being used for WBAN applications.

ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP LINE FEED SLOT LOADED PATCH ANTENNA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

In this article, the parametric analysis of the slot-loaded microstrip line feed patch antenna is investigated using artiflcial neural network model. The bandwidths of the proposed antenna obtained at TM01, TM02, and TM03 frequency modes are 10.2GHz, 13.6GHz, and 17.2GHz, respectively. The performance of the proposed antenna is analyzed using artiflcial neural network model. The changes obtained in bandwidth due to the position of slot length and slot width are reported. The antenna parameters such as return loss, VSWR, gain and e-ciency are also calculated. The simulated results obtained with the help of IE3D simulation software are trained and tested using ANN. Theoretical results are compared with simulated and experimental ones, and they are in close agreement. Microstrip antennas have sparked interest among researchers because of their attractive features like low proflle, light weight, and conformal to mounting structures, but they have two most serious limitations, narrow bandwidth and low gain (1). Available methods for the analysis of MSA have high level of complexity. Generally, there are two methods for analysis of microstrip antenna such as numerical method and analytical method. The numerical methods is complicated compared to analytical methods and require much more time, whereas, analytical methods are easy and specifled to only some deflnite shapes of microstrip antenna. An artiflcial neural network (ANN) is used here for reducing some of these problems. ANNs are computational tools that learn from experience (training), which provide fast and accurate models for microwave modeling, simulation, and optimization. Using artiflcial neural network microstrip patch antenna was reported by Vegni and Toscano (2) in which they proposed the analysis of MSA using artiflcial neural network. Further, Mishra and Patnaik (3,4) proposed a CAD model for the design of square patch antenna and artiflcial model for efiective dielectric constant of microstrip line. Later, CAD model using spectral domain formulation (5) was also reported for the designing of rectangular patch antenna. Therefore, Guney and Sarikaya (6) proposed a comparative study of MAMDANI and Sugeno fuzzy interface system models for the resonant frequency calculation of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Several other papers have also used ANN model to analyze and synthesize the microwave circuits (7{15). Thakare and Singhal (16) proposed the analysis of broadband slot-loaded inset feed microstrip patch antenna using ANN model. Most of these papers are based on ANN model presented only simulated and experimental results. In this paper, we provide a theoretical investigation and compare its results with simulated and experimental ones. In this paper, the microstrip line feed slot-loaded patch antenna is proposed. Its theoretical, simulated and ANN results have also been verifled experimentally. The proposed antenna is investigated for triple frequency-band operation, so that single antenna can be utilized for more than one frequency bands. The theoretical analysis of the proposed antenna is discussed using circuit theory concept based on modal expansion cavity model whereas ANN used RBFNN model.

Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antennas on Reactive Impedance Substrates

A reduced-size wideband single-feed circularly polarized patch antenna is introduced for telemetry applications in S-band around 2300 MHz. The proposed structure consists of a slot-loaded patch antenna printed over an optimized metamaterial-inspired reactive impedance substrate (RIS). We demonstrate, step by step, the main role of each antenna element by comparing numerically and experimentally the performance of various antenna configurations: antenna over a single- or dual-layer substrate, standard patch or slot-loaded patch, antenna with or without RIS. The final optimized structure exhibits an axial-ratio bandwidth of about 15% and an impedance bandwidth better than 11%, which is much wider than the conventional printed antenna on the same materials.

Bandwidth Enhancement Method for Low Profile E-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennas

A simple bandwidth enhancement method for low profile E-shaped patch antennas is presented. By introducing a distributed LC circuit to the E-shaped patch antenna, a new resonant frequency close to that of the E-shaped patch is obtained, thus the bandwidth is widened. Moreover, the air thickness of the E-shaped patch antennas is reduced to only 0.0344λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . A prototype antenna operated at AMPS band (824-894 MHz) was fabricated and measured. Measured results show that the designed low profile antenna has an impedance bandwidth over 9% for VSWR<; 2, with a satisfactory radiation performance within the bandwidth. The proposed method is also applicable to the design of other types of low profile slot-loaded patch antennas.

Development of V-band Integrated Front-Ends on Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) Technology

The development of integrated passive devices for V-band transceiver applications on low-lost liquid crystal polymer (LCP) technology is presented. Filters, matching networks, duplexers, and antenna arrays have been designed, implemented, and characterized. Measurement results for the individual components and for the integrated module are presented. The developed duplexer has an average passband insertion loss of -4 dB, while simultaneously exhibiting steep stopband attenuation to provide the necessary isolation between the two closely spaced transmit and receive channels. Slot-loaded patch antenna element and arrays have also been developed providing a low-profile solution, while still meeting the bandwidth specifications. The integrated module is compact, conformal, shows good matching and isolation characteristics, and is a good candidate for low-cost, short-range wireless applications.

Dual-band slot-loaded patch antenna

A new patch antenna is analysed which provides dual-frequency operation by means of two narrow slots close to the patch radiating edges. The two modes of operations show similar radiating properties. The ratio between the two frequencies can be well controlled within a range varying from 1.6 to 2, by using simple semi-empirical formulas derived from a physical model and tested by using a fullwave analysis. To obtain a more extended range of this frequency ratio, two tuning microstrip stubs are introduced on a back substrate. Satisfactory performances of simultaneous matching when using a single feed point is demonstrated. Several measurements are shown for both the input impedance and the radiation pattern.