Slaughter Process Research Articles

Characterization of Chicken Feather Waste in Me Linh, Hanoi

Chicken feather waste, a byproduct of the slaughtering process, may pollute the environment and pose a risk to human health. However, it is a potential source of organic nitrogen for agricultural application, such as animal feed and fertilizers. In Vietnam, Me Linh district, a large flower, vegetable and fruit growing area, is also among the top of fertilizer use in Hanoi city, where the demand for organic fertilizer is high. This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of the chicken feather waste in Me Linh district for further agricultural application. Here we focused on the chicken feather waste distribution, generation rate, bulk density, pH, and extractables. The measured elemental composition of chicken feather waste was similar to previous studies. They are rich in nitrogen (TN ~ 12%), have high sulfur content (TS > 2%), and do not contain heavy metals, which are strictly regulated in QCVN 01-189/2019-BNNPTNT as for bio-organic fertilizer quality standards.

From Farm to Slaughter: Tracing Antimicrobial Resistance in a Poultry Short Food Chain.

Background: Short food supply chains are commonly perceived as more sustainable and safer alternatives to conventional production systems, often linked to organic, free-range livestock practices. Materials and methods: This study investigates, for the first time, the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and characterizes the microbial communities' composition, using 16S rRNA sequencing and real-time PCR, respectively. Eleven fecal, 76 slaughterhouse surface, 11 cecal, and 11 carcass samples, from 11 poultry farms belonging to the same short food chain, were analyzed in the study. Results: While cleaning and disinfection procedures appeared to reduce the bacterial load on slaughterhouse surfaces, diverse and potentially resistant bacteria, including genera such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, persisted both before and after slaughter. ARGs conferring resistance to high-priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs), such as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, were frequently detected on carcasses, with qnrS (76.15%, 95%CI 68.02-84.28%) and blaCMY2 (57.8%, 95%CI 48.38-67.22%) being the most prevalent. The slaughtering process emerged as a critical step for ARG dissemination via intestinal bacteria, such as genus Lactobacillus. Additionally, the detection of mcr genes and blaNDM on carcasses but not in the bird gut samples suggests possible anthropogenic contamination. Discussion: These findings highlight that the evisceration process, slaughterhouse environment, and personnel are all contributing factors in ARG spread and underscore the need for enhanced hygiene protocols and reduced gut ARG carriage in domestic birds to mitigate the risk for the consumer.

Implementation of The Halālan Thayyiban Concept at Anis Chicken Slaughterhouse, Banjarsari Kulon Village, Madiun Regency

Halālan thayyiban is a criterion that Muslims must meet in consuming food, ensuring not only good taste but also compliance with halal and wholesome standards. The issue identified is the mixing of unwashed and washed chickens during the slaughter process, affecting hygiene, sanitation, and ultimately the halal status of the meat. The research aims to assess the implementation of halālan thayyiban through hygiene and waste management sanitation, identify obstacles in its application, and examine the impact of hygiene and sanitation practices on the halal status at the “ANIS” Poultry Slaughterhouse in Banjarsari Kulon Village, Madiun Regency. This field research employs a qualitative approach, gathering written and oral data from interviews and observations. The findings reveal that: (1) The “ANIS” Poultry Slaughterhouse has implemented halālan thayyiban principles. However, improvements are needed in hygiene and waste management sanitation to fully achieve halālan thayyiban standards. (2) Challenges include limited understanding of halal and thayyib concepts, inadequate waste management facilities, resource constraints, and insufficient supervision and monitoring. (3) Implementing hygiene and sanitation in waste management positively impacts the halal status of the chicken meat produced.

Exploring the pork production chain in urban Ghana: insights from focus group discussions

IntroductionIn urban areas of Ghana, key aspects of the pork production chain, such as pig handling, slaughter practices, and transportation, are critical yet often overlooked aspects of public health and food safety. Despite their significance, only a limited number of studies exist on the dynamics and implications of these practices. This study aims to address knowledge gaps regarding pig-keeping and slaughter practices in Ghana, specifically addressing pig-keeping, handling, slaughter practices, and transportation along the pork production chain.MethodsThis phenomenological qualitative research paradigm utilised eight (8) focus group discussions (FGDs) with pig handlers and slaughterhouse workers in Accra and the Upper East Region of Ghana. Five (5) FGDs were conducted with pig-keepers, and three (3) FGDs were conducted with slaughterhouse workers. Three (3) participatory observations were conducted, probing study participants' views and the information they provided against their actual behaviour. This was to ascertain pig-keeping practices, the slaughter process, means of transport to vending sites, and hygiene and sanitation issues. Four (4) key informant interviews were conducted—two with veterinary officers and two with environmental health officers—to gain insights into their respective supervisory roles.ResultsThe study results indicated that most of the pigs were housed in makeshift structures, and free-ranging was widespread to reduce the cost of feeding. It was observed that the activities of pig farmers and slaughterhouses need to be adequately supervised, leading to widespread poor practices. Little knowledge of zoonotic diseases was present among actors in the pork production chain in Ghana.ConclusionsThis study underscores the importance of addressing pig handling and slaughter practices as integral components of urban food systems in Ghana. By engaging stakeholders and raising awareness, policymakers can foster sustainable solutions to enhance food safety, protect public health, and promote animal welfare in urban Ghana.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛАНЦЮГІВ ДОДАНОЇ ВАРТОСТІ У ПЕРЕРОБЦІ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ТВАРИННИЦТВА

This article is dedicated to studying aspects of forming value chains in processing livestock products. The relevance of the research and the presence of previously unresolved parts of the overall problem determined the purpose of the study, namely to substantiate the role of forming value chains in the processing of livestock products as a factor ensuring food security and economic growth. It is established that livestock farming occupies a leading position in most countries' agro-industrial complex, as it provides the population with valuable food products such as meat, milk, and their derivatives. The article considers global aspects of forming value chains in the processing of livestock products as one of the key sectors of the agro-industrial complex. The study presents current development trends in the dairy and meat sectors and features of their technological processing that determine the competitiveness of products in domestic and international markets. An analysis of global volumes of production, consumption, and trade in dairy and meat products was conducted, which allowed the identification of key growth drivers in the sector and the characteristics of regional markets.The study substantiates the stages of forming value chains in the processing of livestock products, namely primary production, slaughter and primary processing, deep processing, packaging and logistics, marketing and sales, and after-sales services. Each stage creates a separate contribution to the final added value, with the degree of integration of participants in the chain determining the overall efficiency of the processing industry. The research revealed that the intensity of technological processing, the level of innovation, and the degree of integration of chain participants significantly affect the formation of the final product’s value and competitive advantages. It was determined that effective management of value chains in livestock farming is a strategic factor in ensuring food security, economic development, and integrating national agricultural systems into global markets.

The welfare of farmed Nile tilapia: a review.

Nile tilapia are, by absolute number of individuals, the most farmed species of fish today, yet we know little about how common husbandry practices impact their welfare. Despite their global importance, there is a notable lack of detailed, species-specific welfare guidelines for tilapia farming. This gap reflects the scarcity of research-based recommendations on appropriate breeding conditions, environmental parameters, and handling methods that fully consider their biology and behavioural ecology. This review explores key dimensions of Nile tilapia biology and the implications of commercial aquaculture practices on their welfare. Topics covered include common grow-out housing systems, water quality, stocking density, environmental enrichment, feeding practices, handling, transportation, and slaughter. The paper underscores the importance of developing species-specific welfare parameters and management practices to meet the welfare needs of these animals. Specifically, it describes the most common grow-out housing systems and how parameters inherent to those systems, such as stocking density and environmental enrichment, impact Nile tilapia welfare. The review singles out capture and slaughter processes as particularly detrimental to tilapia welfare and offers insight into how evidence-based approaches can enhance welfare in commercial farming operations.

Animal welfare incidents during and after transport to Australian export slaughterhouses: An evaluation of government reports (2020–2021)

Abstract BackgroundAustralian animals delivered to meat export slaughterhouses are inspected ante‐mortem for welfare problems by a veterinarian, which determines their fitness to enter the slaughter process. Emergency killing, priority slaughter or proceeding to slaughter with other animals are possible outcomes. However, when animals with welfare conditions are detected, the veterinarian or slaughterhouse staff are required to send an incident report to the State government authorities.MethodsWe reviewed 631 incident reports from 2020/2021, obtained from the Australian government following Parliamentary Enquiry.ResultsEmergency killing was the most common response to incidents, especially after long journeys. Pigs had the most incidents, mostly handling issues not requiring emergency killing. Cattle had the second highest and were the subject of the most reports. Lameness was commonly recorded. Delivery to detection took 8–12 hours on average, probably because deliveries late in the day are inspected the following day.ConclusionsIncident reports identified that there were significant welfare problems with farmed animals arriving at meat export slaughterhouses, especially in pigs. Lengthy delays to detection were also identified. Reducing this time to detection would improve welfare, as would ensuring slaughterhouses have a system to monitor all animals at all times.

Slaughter considerations for cull dairy cattle

Dairy cattle are culled from the herd for multiple reasons and an evaluation of their condition is crucial in deciding their sub­sequent management (i.e., transport, euthanasia). When mak­ing decisions about the appropriate course of action for culled dairy cows, we need to consider the animals’ ability to withstand the rigors of transport, to pass ante and postmortem inspection, and to ambulate on their own accord throughout the slaughter process. It is crucial to understand and acknowledge the condi­tions that cull dairy cattle must endure once they leave the dairy farm. Veterinarians play a critical role in guiding on-farm deci­sions about fitness for transport, ensuring the welfare of culled dairy cattle is prioritized throughout this critical period.

Tracking Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-Producing and Colistin-Resistant Escherichia Coli in Pig Abattoirs: Impacts on Food Safety.

The ongoing increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli, particularly the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and colistin-resistant strains in livestock, is a significant public health concern. The effectiveness of pig abattoir management, specifically through Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) protocols, in reducing antimicrobial-resistant contamination continues to be scrutinized. This study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and critical contamination points of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) and colistin-resistant ESBL-Ec across the slaughtering processes in two pig abattoirs in Thailand-one operating under HACCP standards and the other certified solely under Good Manufacturing Practices. A higher prevalence of ESBL-Ec was found in the non-HACCP facility (67.98%) compared with the HACCP facility (52.04%), especially in pig carcasses. Skin and carcass washing in HACCP facilities effectively decreased bacterial contamination. Conversely, non-HACCP facilities should implement measures such as cleaning skin with disinfectants at the lairage, regularly monitoring and adjusting the final washing protocol, and strict sterilization of chopping plates to effectively control contamination points. Most ESBL-Ec isolates were multidrug-resistant and carried blaCTX-M group 1 or group 9 genes. Additionally, 12.6% of these isolates were resistant to colistin, with the mcr-1 gene predominantly identified. ST10 was the dominant clone of mcr-carrying ESBL-Ec across various slaughtering stages and sample types. These findings highlight the importance of implementing HACCP protocols to reduce contamination, enhance food safety, and mitigate public health risks. Ongoing AMR monitoring to find critical points along the slaughtering process is essential to reduce sources of AMR transmission to consumers.

Detection of Mycobacteria in Arabian camels and antimycobacterial potential of Moringa oleifera

The World Health Organization gave great attention to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially its zoonotic impact. Dromedary camels in Arabian countries are of great importance, as well as awareness of production and health. Little was known about the occurrence of M. tuberculosis among Arabian camels. Out of 88 samples were collected from necropsied male camels aged 5–6.5 years after the slaughter process resident in Cairo abattoir. Isolation of Mycobacteria was achieved on Middle Brook 7H10 agar with special supplements, and then the suspected colonies were assessed by their specific aspects. Lungs and lymph nodes were processed for histopathology. Molecular characterization was carried out by both conventional amplification (Mycobacterium bovis mpb70, M. tuberculosis- Pan Mycobacterium 16S rRNA) tracked by sanger sequencing; and bacterial 16S rRNA V3–V4 hypervariable region was amplified then it was followed by Mi-seq Ilumina. Moringa oliefera’s oil was analyzed by GC–MS. The antimycobacterial potential of M. oliefera was conducted by In vitro tetrazolium microplate assay (TEMA). In silico docking mode of action and prediction were studied. Mycobacterium was isolated from 9.4% (3/32) of the lung samples and 2.4% (1/41) of the recovered lymph node samples. The isolated strains had ideal culture characteristics of Mycobacterium. Sanger sequencing identified the M. tuberculosis variant bovis DRC-EG-CAMEL PQ036932. Mi-seq Illumina revealed abundant sequence readings belonging to ancestral Actinobacteria and Micromonosporaceae. In vitro testing showed that the Moringa oleifera methanol leaf extract had antimicrobial activity with MIC ranging from 7.8 to 32 µg/ml, and the seed oil showed inhibitory effects at 50% (v/v) (P value < 0.05). In silico docking of ferulic acid against M. tuberculosis variant bovis ribosomal protein S1 showed an affinity score of − 5.95 kcal/mol with one hydrogen bond. While squalene lipoprotein LprF exhibited a professional affinity score of − 6.11 kcal/mol with seventeen hydrophobic π-interactions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis is measured to prevail in the Arabian camels. However, this study provided a detailed examination of Mycobacterium in camels, offering practical solutions to combat this pathogen and mitigate the effects of infection or zoonotic impacts on other animals and humans. Sanger sequencing is more recommended for Mycobacterium identification. Moringa oliefera’s potential anti-mycobacterial effect through either leaves or oil might be achieved for humans and animals as a different strategy for medicinal plants’ role. It might be a new insight into the struggle and the adverse effects of tuberculosis. In the upcoming research, therapeutic compounds could be separated from M. oliefera.

Explore the Contamination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB) of the Processing Lines at Typical Broiler Slaughterhouse in China.

Farms are a major source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and previous research mainly focuses on polluted soils and breeding environments. However, slaughtering is an important link in the transmission of ARGs and ARB from farmland to dining table. In this study, we aim to reveal the pollution of ARGs and ARB in the slaughter process of broilers. First, by qualitative and quantitative analysis of ARGs in samples collected from the broiler slaughtering and processing production chain, the contamination level of ARGs was reflected; secondly, potential hosts for ARGs and microbial community were analyzed to reflect the possible transmission rules; thirdly, through the antibiotic susceptibility spectrum analysis of four typical food-borne pathogens, the distribution of ARB was revealed. The results showed that 24 types of ARGs were detected positive on the broiler slaughter production line, and tetracycline-resistance genes (20.45%) were the most frequently detected. The types of ARGs vary with sampling process, and all sampling links contain high levels of sul2 and intI1. The most abundant ARGs were detected in chicken surface in the scalding stage and entrails surface in the evisceration stage. There was a significant correlation between intI1 and tetM, suggesting that tetM might be able to enter the human food chain through class-1 integrons. The host range of the oqxB gene is the most extensive, including Sphingobacterium, Bacteroidia unclassified, Rothia, Microbacterium, Algoriella, etc. In the relevant links of the slaughter production line, the microbial community structure is similar. Removing viscera may cause diffusion of ARGs carried by intestinal microorganisms and contaminate chicken and following processing production. The four food-borne pathogens we tested are widely present in all aspects of the slaughter process, and most of them have multi-drug resistance and even have a high degree of resistance to some veterinary drugs banned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Our study preliminarily revealed the pollution of ARGs and ARB in the slaughter process of broilers, and these results are helpful to carry out food safety risk assessment and formulate corresponding control measures.

Pelatihan Tata Laksana Penyembelihan Hewan yang Aman, Sehat, Utuh, dan Halal Bagi Petugas Penyembelihan Rumah Potong Unggas

Latar Belakang: Penyembelihan atau pemotongan merupakan titik kritis kehalalan daging hewan sebagai bahan pangan. Penyembelihan yang dilakukan di rumah pemotongan unggas masih dilakukan secara manual dengan sarana yang terbatas. Prosses penyembelihan sering kurang sempurna, tidak terpotongnya empat urat utama di leher, ayam belum mati sempurna sudah masuk air panas, dan penganganan daging di lantai tanpa wadah. Penyembelihan yang layak sangat ditentukan oleh tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan petugas penyembelihan. Petugas penyembelihan di rumah potong unggas (RPU) yang memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan penyembelihan hewan yang aman sehat utuh dan halal (ASUH) di wilayah Banyumas dan sekitarnya jumlahnya masih sangat kurang. Tujuan: Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketermapilan penyembelihan hewan yang ASUH para petugas penyembelihan RPU di Banyumas dan sekitarnya. Metode: Kegiatan pelatihan ini merupakan kerjasama antara Tim Pengabdian IbM UMP, Sentra Halal UMP dan PRM Pliken Kembaran yang dilaksanakan dengan dua metode, yaitu secara klasikal dan praktik. Materi pelatihan meliputi 10 kompetensi petugas penyembelihan sesuai standar kompetensi kerja nasional Indonesia (SKKNI) nomor 147 tahun 2022. Hasil: Pelatihan ini diikuti oleh 55 orang peserta berasal dari Banyumas, Purbalingga, Pemalang, dan Kebumen. Pelatihan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta sebesar &gt;34,41% dari sebelum pelatihan. Kesimpulan: Dengan demikian pelatihan tatalaksana penyembelihan hewan yang ASUH telah mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petugas penyembelih hewan di wilayah kabupaten Banyumas dan sekitarnya. Kata kunci: juru sembelih, penyembelihan ASUH, rumah potong unggas ______________________________________________________________________ Abstract Background: Slaughtering or butchering is a critical point for the halalness of animal meat as food. Slaughtering in poultry slaughterhouses is still done manually with limited facilities. The slaughtering process is often imperfect, with the four central veins in the neck not being cut, chickens not being completely dead already in hot water, and meat on the floor without a container. Proper slaughter is determined by the level of knowledge and skills of the slaughterhouse staff. There is a lack of slaughterhouse workers with knowledge and skills in safe, healthy, and halal (ASUH) animal slaughter in Banyumas and surrounding areas. Objective: This training aims to improve the knowledge and skills of slaughtering animals that are safe, healthy, and halal (ASUH) among slaughterhouse workers in Banyumas and surrounding areas. Method: This training activity is a collaboration between the UMP IbM Service Team, UMP Halal Center, and PRM Pliken Kembaran which is carried out using two methods, classical and practical. The training material presented includes 10 competencies of slaughter officers according to the Indonesian national work competency standard (SKKNI) number 147 of 2022. Result: The training was attended by 55 participants from Banyumas, Purbalingga, Pemalang, and Kebumen. The training was able to increase participants' knowledge and skills by &gt;34,41% from before the training. Conclusion: Thus, the training on the management of animal slaughter that is ASUH has been able to improve the knowledge and skills of animal slaughter officers in the Banyumas district and surrounding areas. Keywords: slaughterer, slaughterhouse ASUH, poultry slaughterhouse

Portable Meat Production and Retailing Facility (P-MART): a novel technology for clean meat production from sheep and goats

Context An adequate infrastructure facility is a prerequisite for achieving clean and hygienic meat production from sheep and goats. In India, most of the meat is produced by small-scale producers who cannot afford to establish large-scale abattoirs. Aim The study aimed to develop and test an innovative Portable Meat Production and Retailing Facility (P-MART), designed to meet the specific requirements of small-scale sheep and goat slaughter operations processing less than 10 animals per day. Methods The designing and fabrication of P-MART comprises of animal resting facility, slaughtering and dressing facility, meat cutting and packaging facility, meat retailing facility, and waste management facility. The microbiological evaluation was conducted by collecting meat samples/swabs (n = 6) from various stages of the slaughter of sheep and goats in P-MART. The quality of the liquid effluent from the slaughter process (n = 6) of P-MART was evaluated for different parameters. The gastrointestinal waste was subjected to aerobic composting and compost samples (n = 6) were analyzed for different parameters. The P-MART liquid waste was subjected to anaerobic biomethanation (n = 6) and the quality of the liquid fertilizer was assessed for different parameters. The air quality index in P-MART was analyzed in alignment with Environmental Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI) standards compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Key results The P-MART demonstrated effectiveness in addressing small-scale slaughterhouse needs. Microbiological analysis confirmed the absence of harmful organisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria in meat, surfaces and water, showcasing high hygiene standards. The aerobic composting of gastrointestinal waste resulted in composting with nutrient concentrations that met recommended standards and the biomethanation of liquid waste produced nutrient-rich liquid fertilizer and biogas for cooking. Air quality parameters, including particulate matter with 10 μm or less, or 2.5 μm or less, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, were within permissible limits, ensuring a safe environment. Conclusions P-MART design minimizes water use and supports humane slaughter, sustainable waste management and environmental compliance. An application for an Indian patent was submitted (Patent application No. 202111016135) to protect intellectual property. The technology was commercialized to enable upscaling and marketing. Implications The P-MART can improve livelihoods for small-scale meat producers by offering affordable and hygienic slaughter facilities. Its sustainable waste management practices enhance public health and environmental protection.

Nutritional and techno-functional characterization of protein isolates obtained from porcine heart.

Given the growing demand for protein sources and the premise of meeting global requirements, there is a need for more efficient use of by-products generated in the slaughter process, like pig heart, which in turn are highly nutritious and also have the capacity for techno-functional application. The pH-shifting technique using aqueous solutions allows the efficient recovery of proteins of high nutritional quality and with improved functional properties, but the muscle protein extraction could be improved using saline solutions that directly influence the yield and final quality of the protein isolate. However, the muscle heme pigments oxidize during extraction, generating a blackish color of the isolates, making their use in foods less attractive. An alternative would be to use nitrite salts in the extraction solution since they interact with heme pigments forming a reddish heat-stable nitrous pigment. Thus, this study aimed at obtaining and characterizing proteins isolated from the porcine heart (HPI), extracted with aqueous (HPIaq) or saline (HPIsal) solutions, stabilized or not with sodium nitrite. Treatments did not influence the isolates' protein content (89.0%), and HPIsal had a higher salt-soluble (53.8 vs. 47.0%) and lower insoluble (19.2 vs. 24.1%) proteins content than HPIaq. The total heme pigments and collagen contents were unaffected by the extraction solution, but they were higher in samples treated with nitrite (921.6 vs. 707.6 μg hematin per g). Saline extraction only reduces the color intensity (C* = 9.1 vs. 12.7), but HPIs extracted with nitrite had a lighter (L* = 62.4 vs. 59.2), reddish (h = 65.7 vs. 69.5°) and less intense color (C* = 26.5 vs. 30.7). The oil retention, water absorption, and emulsifying capacity (EC) of isolates were not affected by the extraction solutions, but the saline extraction reduced the emulsion stability (ES) and the nitrite-based-treatment reduced EC and ES. The isolates contained high levels of iron (165.8 mg kg-1) and calcium (53.7 mg kg-1), with higher sodium (85.6 vs. 8.7 mg g-1) and heme iron (62.5 vs. 58.7 mg kg-1) content in HPIsal than HPIaq. All the essential amino acids (EAAs) were found in the isolates, with a higher EAA index (160 vs. 128) and estimated protein efficiency (51 vs. 41) in HPIaq than HPIsal. The results indicate that the HPIsal has a high potential to be applied as a techno-functional protein ingredient in meat product formulations, while the HPIaq has the most interesting profile to be used as a food supplement. Treatment with nitrite should be chosen according to the application and interest of the food manufacturer.

Tipos de abates religiosos e o bem-estar animal

The objective of this work was to describe the importance of regulatory slaughter and welfare practices in animal production, highlighting the relevance of religious slaughter in the Brazilian context, especially “Kosher” and “Halal” practices. Therefore, the need for clarification on the different cultural practices, norms and regulations related to religious slaughter is emphasized in order to guarantee the quality of food and animal welfare, preserving religious ideology. Furthermore, Brazil acts as an important exporter of foods of animal origin to the Muslim and Jewish markets, standing out in the certifications that prove slaughter practices and techniques are carried out strictly following the law and respecting religious requirements, allowing for their commercialization. Another important factor is the religious slaughter carried out by religions of African origin, highlighting their importance and respect, and confirming their legal protection under the law. In this way, veterinarians play an important role in promoting health and understanding cultural practices associated with animal welfare during slaughter processes.

Enterobacteriaceae as a Hygienic and Sanitary Performance Indicator in the Poultry Slaughter Process

ABSTRACT Assessing microbial indicators during slaughter is essential for managing risks and reducing foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate and categorize the hygienic-sanitary performance of a poultry slaughter operation through the Enterobacteriaceae count (EC) in chilled carcasses, collected every hour of production, totaling 360 samples. Process variables such as slaughter speed, carcass weight, fasting time, percentage of condemnation due to contamination, and Salmonella spp. positive batches were considered. Statistics were based on descriptive data analysis and the Generalized Estimating Equations model. There was a significant difference between the medians of the first and second production shifts (1.32 versus 2.16 log10 CFU/g); p&lt;0.001). Process variables did not correlate with the EC; however, carcass samples from positive batches for Salmonella spp. showed a significantly higher median EC result than samples from negative batches (2.79 versus 1.61 log10 CFU/g; p&lt;0.001). The mapping of microbiological indicators, such as Enterobacteriaceae, provides a photograph of the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the slaughterhouse. This offers the opportunity to maintain hygienic self-control of the process and ensure the quality of the products.

Behavioral responses of cows and goats during slaughtering for Eid Al-Adha: A field study in Surakarta

This study aims to observe and analyze the response and behavior of cows and goats during the slaughter process of sacrificial animals on Eid al-Adha 1445H in Surakarta, Indonesia. The study focuses on the various stages of slaughter, from transportation, placement, slaughter process, to post slaughter handling, with the aim of improving the welfare of animals through a better understanding of their behavior under these conditions. The research method used is a qualitative approach by conducting participatory observations, in-depth interviews, and visual documentation (photos and videos) at several slaughter sites in Surakarta. Research participants include slaughtering officers, qurbani organizers, veterinary experts, and the surrounding community. The data were analyzed thematically to identify the behavior patterns and responses of animals and the factors that influence them. The object of the study consisted of cows and goats prepared for qurban. The study found that cows that were transported and treated gently showed lower levels of stress than those who were treated roughly. Cows tend to exhibit aggressive behavior when they feel threatened. Goats, on the other hand, are quicker to show signs of stress and agitation during transportation and placement, but tend to be less aggressive than cows. The study results indicate that quick and Islamic slaughter techniques, the use of sharp and clean tools, and gentle handling by personnel can reduce animal stress and aggression. A calm and orderly environment also helps alleviate animal anxiety during the slaughtering process. Similarly, the reactions of other animals near the slaughter site show signs of anxiety, affirming that animals can perceive the distress of their peers. These findings emphasize that slaughter practices aligned with Islamic ethics enhance animal welfare through swift slaughter and stress minimization, impacting meat quality, ethical compliance, and consumer satisfaction positively. The novelty or originality of this study lies in its holistic approach, encompassing all stages of sacrificial animal slaughter and focusing on two commonly used species, cows and goats. This research makes a significant contribution by providing practical recommendations to improve the welfare of sacrificial animals, taking into account technical and behavioral aspects specific to each species. The practical implications of these findings include the need for training slaughter personnel to understand procedures in accordance with Islamic principles and animal welfare standards. Slaughterhouses must be equipped with animal-friendly facilities to reduce stress. Additionally, strict supervision should be implemented to ensure compliance, resulting in high-quality meat and supporting the global halal industry's ethical standards.

The Activity of Eucalyptus Leaves Extract against some Bacteria isolated from Cattle Minced Meat in Diyala Province

The Meat and Food Manufacturing are susceptible to contamination and many other foodborne diseases that can arise in food manufacturing areas due to poor personal hygiene and sanitation practices, leading to the growing of multiple pathogenic agents. Beef can be a foodborne pathogens due to unsanitary conditions during animal slaughter and meat processing. In recent decades, scientific strategies have been developed to reduce meat contamination and its effects on human health.Forty meat samples were randomly collected from several butcher shops in Diyala province, minced, and prepared for the experiment to know the antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus leaves. Leaves were collected from the garden of Diyala University, cleaned and ground. Eucalyptus leaves extract was prepared against some bacteria isolated from minced meat. The aqueous extract of eucalyptus leaves was prepared at different concentrations (100%, 85%, 70%, 55%, and 40%) and used as an antibacterial against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella spp.) investigated the antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus leaves extract toward some bacteria isolated from minced meat, Forty meat samples collected randomly from Many meat shops Diyala province, water extract ( 100%, 85%, 70%, 55% and 40%) prepared from Eucalyptus leaves and used as antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella spp.), Eucalyptus leaves were collected from the garden of Diyala University, the leaves was cleaned and ground. 25 grams of Eucalyptus leaves were put in 150 ml deionized water, placed on a hot stirrer plate at 90°C for 1 hour, and left for 5 hours, then purified using Whatman No. 1 filter paper. Isolated bacteria were identified based on colony description, gram stain, coagulase test, and catalase test—the antimicrobial activity of the extract against isolates carried out by the good diffusion method.Results of this study revealed the prevalence of contamination of meat with Staphylococcus aureus spp and Klebsiella spp (65, 52.5) % respectively. Eucalyptus leaves extract displayed great activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. The highest antibacterialactivity was (33, 20 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. respectively, while the lowest activity against these bacteria was (21, 10) mm respectively.

Foodborne Pathogen Prevalence and Biomarker Identification for Microbial Contamination in Mutton Meat.

Microbial contamination and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in mutton meat and during its slaughtering process were investigated through microbial source tracking and automated pathogen identification techniques. Samples from mutton meat, cutting boards, hand swabs, knives, weighing balances, and water sources were collected from four different retail sites in Coimbatore. Total plate count (TPC), yeast and mold count (YMC), coliforms, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus were examined across 91 samples. The highest microbial loads were found in the mutton-washed water, mutton meat, and cutting board samples. The automated pathogen identification system identified Staphylococcus species as the predominant contaminant and also revealed a 57% prevalence of Salmonella. Further analysis of goat meat inoculated with specific pathogens showed distinct volatile and metabolite profiles, identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA), identified potential biomarkers for pathogen contamination. The results highlight the significance of cross-contamination in the slaughtering process and suggest the use of volatile compounds as potential biomarkers for pathogen detection.

Assessment of HACCP plans and Colombian regulations in municipal cattle slaughterhouses for the assurance of standardised food safety and quality management systems.

Colombia has strengthened regulations to ensure standardized food safety and quality in bovine slaughterhouses. To this end, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection designed to empower INVIMA, as the governing and coordinating authority for the operation of the Official Meat Inspection, Surveillance and Control System. This regulation aims to evaluate the technical conditions of infrastructures, slaughter processes and quality and safety assurance systems. in the rationalization of public animal slaughtering facilities (PASFs). This study aims to promote easy-to-implement methodological practices to improve health and safety compliance in 47 cattle slaughterhouses. Sanitary profiles were designed based on the HACCP system and in accordance with Colombian regulations. Scores were established for the infrastructure, sanitary and environmental characteristics of the PASFs through the application of the Leopold Matrix as a monitoring system. The results indicate 32% of slaughterhouses comply with minimum requirements, with significant deficiencies in equipment and waste management systems. There was evidence of scarce equipment, in addition, they do not have an efficient quality and safety management system to ensure the slaughter processes. Multivariate analysis revealed that 70-90% of slaughterhouses fail to meet minimum standards established by Decree 1500 of 2007 and its modifications. It was shown that this methodology allows the establishment of a model for monitoring, follow-up, and assessment of compliance with the minimum requirements of HACCP plans and local regulations.