Station Site Research Articles

Research on the Location and Capacity Determination Strategy of Off-Grid Wind–Solar Storage Charging Stations Based on Path Demand

To address the challenges of cross-city travel for different types of electric vehicles (EV) and to tackle the issue of rapid charging in regions with weak power grids, this paper presents a strategic approach for locating and sizing highway charging stations tailored to such grid limitations. Initially, considering the initial EV state of charge, a path-demand-based model for EV charging station location–allocation is proposed to optimize station numbers and enhance vehicle flow, which indicates the passing rate of vehicles. Subsequently, a capacity configuration model is formulated, integrating wind, photovoltaic, storage, and diesel generators to manage the stations’ load. This model introduces a new objective function, the annual comprehensive cost, encompassing installation, operation, maintenance, wind and solar curtailment, and diesel generation costs. Simulation examples on north-western cross-city highways validate the efficacy of this approach, showing that the proposed wind–solar storage fast-charging station site selection and capacity optimization model can effectively cater to diverse electric vehicle charging demands. Moreover, it achieves a 90% self-consistency rate during operation across various typical daily scenarios, ensuring a secure and economically viable operational performance.

For whom the trains roll? An equity analysis of rail enhancement in Israel

Rail has enjoyed somewhat of a renaissance in recent decades, with substantial new investments made therein. Justification oftentimes rests on rail’s non-transport benefits, particularly the idea of opening-up new prospects for the carless. While many studies focus on accessibility to opportunities, this study attempts to evaluate the equity of investments. To that end, it is particularly pertinent to assess the degree to which rail is accessible to the carless, to identify exactly who benefits from the investment in rail, and who does not. As inter-city rail is inherently spatially inequitable, feeder bus services are sometimes added to mitigate these inequities. In this paper, we analyzed the equity facets of the enhancement of inter-city rail, including feeder bus services, in Israel, by examining the siting of rail stations, and mapping out all bus routes reaching heavy rail stations nationwide. Subsequently, we analyzed the attributes of the cities and towns serviced by rail, and of the population residing near bus stops on the feeder routes, as well as the frequency of service in those stops. Access to inter-urban rail in Israel was investigated, in terms of equity, at an unprecedented level of detail, thereby enabling us to assess which population groups stand to potentially benefit from the very substantial current investments in rail. We found that the Arab minority benefits the least, with adverse implications on women’s motility, largely due to limited bus feeder lines to the rail system.

Testing the homogeneity of climate series of surface air temperature in Barentsburg (Svalbard)

Observations on surface air temperature in the Barentsburg (Svalbard) are one of the longest on the Svalbard. They started in 1932 (with a break between 1941 and 1947). In this study, we checked the homogeneity of this series, because the measurement site of Barentsburg meteorological station was relocated twice (in 1978 and 1984). The station relocation might be a cause of inhomogeneities in temperature data sets. During the 2nd measurement series (June 1978 – January 1984) microclimatic features were revealed, caused by the closer position of the measurement site to the fjord and its lower altitude than the former site had. However, the inhomogeneities on the boundaries of this period were not found by several statistical tests. Therefore, this series can be used in its original form without introducing any corrections to study the climate of Svalbard. The resulting composite series (1932-2023) contains the largest amount of direct instrumental observation data compared to similar series obtained at other weather stations of the archipelago.

Estimating the impact of light pollution on quantum communication between QEYSSat and Canadian quantum ground station sites

Satellite to ground quantum communication typically operates at night to reduce background signals, however it remains susceptible to noise from light pollution of the night sky. In this study we compare several methodologies for determining whether a Quantum Ground Station (QGS) site is viable for exchanging quantum signals with the upcoming Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite (QEYSSat) mission. We conducted ground site characterization studies at three locations in Canada: Waterloo, Ontario, Calgary, Alberta, and Priddis, Alberta. Using different methods we estimate the background counts expected to leak into the satellite-ground quantum channel, and determined whether the noise levels could prevent a quantum key transfer. We also investigate how satellite data recorded from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) can help estimate conditions of a particular site, and find reasonable agreement with the locally recorded data. Our results indicate that the Waterloo, Calgary, and Priddis QGS sites should allow both quantum uplinks and downlinks with QEYSSat, despite their proximity to urban centres. Furthermore, our approach allows the use of satellite borne instrument data (VIIRS) to remotely and efficiently determine the potential of a ground site.

Suitability of Photovoltaic Power Station Sites Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Model of Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis—Taking Qujing City of Yunnan Province as Example

With the global shift in energy systems and the growing adoption of renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation has become widely implemented worldwide as a clean and efficient energy source. Therefore, scientific and rational locating methods for photovoltaic power stations has become essential. This study employs a particle swarm optimization (PSO) model based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for evaluating the site-suitability of photovoltaic power stations. Taking Qujing City in Yunnan Province as an example, this study comprehensively considered 13 factors in three categories: meteorology, physical geography, and location. In addition, such topographic factors as planar curvature, profile curvature, and LSW were added to the physical geography factors for consideration. In previous studies, less attention has been paid to these factors. Spatial analysis and data integration of influencer factors in the study area were carried out in geographic information system (GIS) technology, with weights assigned for each factor in combination with a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, but a low consistency effect was delivered. To optimize the consistency effect, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was introduced, and weights with good consistency effects were obtained. Based on such weights, the suitability evaluation was carried out to select photovoltaic power stations. The evaluation results were compared with those obtained from the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization model based on FAHP and were further verified in the area of the photovoltaic power stations built. It is demonstrated that the accuracy rate of the suitability of Qujing photovoltaic power station site selection based on the particle swarm optimization model of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was the highest at 99.3%.

ВЫРАЩИВАНИЕ ЯБЛОНЬ КОЛОННОВИДНОЙ ФОРМЫ НА РАЗНЫХ ТИПАХ ПОДВОЕВ

The purpose of research is to study the influence of different types of rootstocks on the processes of growth, development and fruiting of columnar apple trees. The work was carried out in 2019–2022 as part of the municipal assignment for the implementation of the project “Testing technology for growing columnar apple trees in the Ryazan Region” at the training and experimental site of the Ryazan city station for young naturalists on gray forest soil with an average level of fertility. Seedlings of a vigorous rootstock were propagated in 2019 by seed method from apple seeds of the Antonovka variety; to obtain clonal rootstocks, standard forms of rootstocks were used: № 54118 (medium-sized) and M9 (dwarf). In the spring of 2020, the columnar apple variety Moskovskoe Ozherelie was grafted onto these types of rootstocks using the copulation method. In September 2020, grafted seedlings of each species, uniform in height and shoot diameter, were selected and planted from the nursery to the experimental plot. Each option included six plants grafted on one type of rootstock, planted in rows according to a pattern of 80 × 200. Observations of the growth and development of grafted apple tree seedlings were carried out for three years, noting the survival rate of the grafts, the condition of the upper bud of the main stem, the growth of lateral branches on the central shoot, and the appearance of fruits in the seedlings. Biometric measurements were carried out in September on all available plants, measuring the height of the plant, the number of lateral branches, and the number of fruits. It has been established that a columnar apple tree variety grafted on a dwarf rootstock has less growth of the central shoot and begins to bear fruit earlier, in contrast to the same variety grafted on medium-sized and tall rootstocks. A columnar variety grafted on tall and medium-sized rootstocks begins to form lateral shoots from the third year of vegetation, while the same variety grafted on a dwarf rootstock does not form lateral branching unless the apical bud of the shoot is damaged.

Hydropower Station diversion tunnel layered excavation deformation mechanism under high crustal stress

Aiming at the crucial engineering challenge of the ambiguous excavation deformation mechanism of hard and brittle surrounding rock under high geos-tress conditions, with the right bank diversion tunnel at the dam site of the hydropower station as the research object, the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and their formation mechanisms during the layered excavation of the diversion tunnel were investigated. The research findings show: (1) The main factors influencing the deformation of the diversion tunnel’s surrounding rock are the high ground stress environment, the degree of fracture development in the rock mass, and the effectiveness of the support system. (2) Following the excavation of the first layer, extensive shallow damage predominates, with damaged blocks primarily exhibiting sheet-like and plate-like forms. After excavating the second and third layers, there is a significant reduction in confining pressure in this region, leading to a rapid deterioration in the extent of damage. (3) Layered excavation induces ‘time-dependent’ variations in the yield characteristics of the surrounding rock, while simultaneously being influenced by the location and extent of fracture development. The study results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the excavation of underground caverns under high ground stress.

First Comprehensive List of Phlebotomine Sand Fly Species (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Leishmaniasis Focus (Djelfa, Algeria), Including the First Record of Phlebotomus langeroni Females in Algeria.

The wide distribution of phlebotomine vectors complicates the leishmaniasis situation in the world, with the risk of spreading from rural to urban areas. Our study investigates for the first time the ecology and distribution of sand fly populations in leishmaniasis focus (Djelfa, Algeria). Sampling is performed using light traps from August 2021 to July 2022 at ten sites with different biotopes: two peri-urban stations (Ain Oussera and Hassi Bahbah), one urban station (Djelfa), and three rural stations (Ain El-Bel, Haniet Ouled Salem and Mlaga). A total of 2,866 specimens with 12 species belonging to Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were identified with the first record of Phlebotomus langeroni female nationally, revealing a good diversity of up to 1.812 bits. The greatest richness of species was found in rural sites at Ain El Bel station, while the lowest richness was observed in the first peri-urban site of Ain Oussera station. Interestingly, the surveyed species were evenly distributed across all the study sites, in particular Phlebotomus papatasi with 57.29%. Statistical treatment revealed a strong positive relationship between temperature and species (p< 0.001, r= 0.91). Considering the other factors, there was a moderate link between species richness and altitude (p= 0.01 R2= 0.519). However, neither rainfall nor wind speed (p> 0.05) were correlated with sand fly fauna. Moreover, humidity showed a negative correlation (p< 0.001, r= -0.96). The findings of this study on phlebotomine fauna in this endemic region for leishmaniasis provide valuable data to support the success of a vector control program.

Restoration of legacy contaminated sites in Antarctica: Lessons from Vanda Station, McMurdo Dry Valleys

Abstract The Antarctic Treaty System has put in place international agreements to provide comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment. Despite this high degree of protection, human presence on the continent has resulted in environmental contamination, particularly at locations established prior to the development of the more stringent codes of conduct in recent decades. Rehabilitation of legacy contaminated sites is a priority for environmental management, and a framework for such efforts has been established. In this contribution, we re-evaluate the rehabilitation of the site of the former Vanda Station, a New Zealand outpost occupied from 1969 to 1991. We describe the design and implementation of the restoration, which included the removal of many tonnes of contaminated soils and groundwater, along with the post-action monitoring of the site. Our goal is to determine where challenges to the use of recent guidelines would have arisen. We found that while guidelines on clean-up of contaminated sites in Antarctica are valuable, challenges to implementation remain. These largely reflect a lack of understanding of the consequences of contamination on Antarctic ecosystems and the trajectory of natural rehabilitation. We present recommendations on how to address some of these challenges.

Seismic Background Noise Level and Station Detectability in the Flores Sea

The Flores back-arc thrust fissure is a significant contributor to earthquake events in the Flores Sea region, as evidenced by seismic investigations. As part of the endeavor to mitigate earthquake risk, seismic data investigations are necessary due to the high potential for earthquakes in the Flores Sea. Background noise in earthquakes is the term used to describe the micro vibrations that are perpetually produced as a result of natural phenomena, such as ocean waves, wind, or human activities. It is crucial to investigate this cacophony in seismology in order to distinguish the primary earthquake signal. Its spectrum analysis can assist in the identification of land changes and the prediction of tectonic activity. This analysis was conducted by employing the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) client function as a fetch data tool and the Modular Utility for Statistical Knowledge Gathering Data browser as a data quality monitoring system to verify the health and reliability of seismic data. The three station sites closest to the Flores Sea are the focus of this research data examination. The study's findings indicate that the recorded data at the station is still dominated by cultural noise, as evidenced by the analysis of the probability density function, power spectral density, and noise spectrograms. Additionally, each station exhibits activity with degrees of probability noise that are both high and variable. These results highlight the need for advanced techniques to filter cultural noise and improve the accuracy of seismic signal interpretation in this region. This analysis contributes to understanding tectonic activity in the Flores Sea and underscores the importance of continuous monitoring for earthquake preparedness and risk reduction.

Development of automation and control software for charging systems of multirotor small unmanned aircraft systems for tasks of cargo seaports

The paper considers the situation of using an unmanned aircraft system to perform autonomous flights between cargo port areas, for example, to collect data for building digital spatial models or to transfer a certain type of cargo. It is noted that due to the considerable size and remoteness of cargo terminals from each other it is necessary to place a network of automated charging stations. The efficiency of autonomous flights is substantiated and a new model of flight assignment of an unmanned aircraft system is given for solving the routing problem, taking into account the location of charging station sites, for example, in cargo port areas. To solve the set tasks, a new hardware system for charging unmanned aerial systems considering a receiver module with a coil on board and a ground landing system for charging is considered, circuit diagrams are given and constraints for performing the battery charging process are specified. The fragments of programme codes of automation of the graphical interface of the webserver with display of all parameters and calculation of the coefficient of efficiency at charging are resulted. The choice of Arduino IDE software environment is justified. The possibility of using the developed automated station for battery charging for a large class of drones of mulitirotor type is noted. On the basis of a series of experiments in the flight research field of the laboratory of unmanned aircraft systems of the SUAI, it is established that the charging station together with the receiving module managed to achieve the efficiency of charge transfer at the level of 73.7 %. The obtained values of efficiency allow to draw a conclusion about the possibility of practical use for real transport tasks and the possibility of network deployment, in particular, on the dedicated specialised areas of the cargo port. The developed automation subprogramme for the deployment of a network of charging stations (e. g. in different areas of the port) allows to create an information system for monitoring the operation of charging stations, which significantly increases the controllability and reliability of the system.

A novel multi-criteria framework for selecting optimal sites for electric vehicle charging stations from a sustainable perspective: evidence from India

A novel multi-criteria framework for selecting optimal sites for electric vehicle charging stations from a sustainable perspective: evidence from India

Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability

Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability

Risk Evaluation of Urban Subway Site Selection: Balance, Attractiveness, and Financing Models

As a crucial form of public transportation, subways are becoming essential infrastructure that cities in China increasingly prioritize for development. However, there is a lack of effective risk assessment methods for subway station and line siting. To address this gap, this paper uses the subway system in Kunming, China, as a case study, establishing a subway site risk evaluation framework (SIRE-BAF) that integrates three dimensions: balance (B), attractiveness (A), and financing mode (F). An extended NP-RV model is proposed to assess the balance (or imbalance) characteristics of subway stations based on sub-dimensions of traffic supply, land use, and urban vitality. Findings indicate that (1) the balance (or imbalance) of subway stations is distinctly distributed along the line and simultaneously exhibits a spatial pattern radiating from the urban core to the periphery. (2) Stations with high urban vitality and minimal imbalance are highly attractive and tend to face “undersupply” during operation, whereas stations with lower attractiveness are more prone to “oversupply”. A higher level of BAF coupling coordination suggests a more suitable subway site selection and lower investment risk, while lower coupling coordination indicates increased risk. (3) Excessive reliance on the “subway + real estate” model, without considering urban vitality, may lead to high vacancy rates and reduced efficiency in subway service. This paper further assesses the site selection risks for the proposed Kunming subway. This study contributes to risk assessments of existing subway operations and maintenance in Chinese cities, enhances planning rationality and site selection for proposed subways, and holds potential applicability for other cities.

Optimizing renewable energy-based plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging stations for sustainable transportation in India

Optimizing renewable energy-based plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging stations for sustainable transportation in India

Settings of community engagement: beyond the Janus-faced post-political in ‘neoliberalised’ London

Drawing on an in-depth analysis of the politics of a large-scale urban development in London, as part of a wider comparative project, this paper reconsiders the post-political conclusions of an earlier round of research on large scale developments in Europe. Through a critical re-reading of Jacques Rancière’s analysis and attending to insights from wider accounts of urban politics from the majority urban world, including our own comparative research on Johannesburg and Shanghai, the paper considers the potential of political contestation and engagement. Concepts such as ‘insurgent citizens’, the ‘arts of citizenship’, and the multiple roles of the state, provide focus for a nuanced assessment of the achievements and potential of residents’ and wider community engagements in planning in the case of Old Oak, north-west London. First designated as an ‘Opportunity Area’ and then a Mayoral Development Corporation, substantial investment has been made by the Mayor of London in stimulating development around the site of a new High Speed Train station at Old Oak. Community mobilisation took the form of a network of existing organisations and residents across a large area, encompassing a diverse population and including large swathes of railway and industrial land, making connections were hard to forge. The ambition of the Mayoral Development Corporation created a range of different settings for progressing planning and development, from open engagements with communities over planning visions, to informal and restricted discussions of development applications, secretive master planning initiatives, and highly legalistic procedures of formal inspection. Disaggregating the unitary assessment of politics embedded in post-political analysis, the paper identifies the series of ‘settings’ in which different combinations of political openings, closures and opportunities for advancing concerns of community-based movements can be located. The analysis signposts scope for a more targeted political ambition, based on a community-based strategic assessment of the fragmentation of planning practice. Notably, the negotiations to determine planning gain between planners and developers were identified by the community groups as crucial to shaping development outcomes, with the growing demand to open these to public scrutiny.

Design and Implementation of a Smart Wireless Access Point for A Gas Station (SWAP-GS)

The gas distribution sector is a good fit for wireless communications, especially considering how often distribution facilities are located in distant areas. The underlying communications infrastructure needs to be extremely dependable, with a resilient system that links sensors and controls throughout a vast field area network, when working with accumulated and real-time data. The resulting detail assists managers in creating and modifying business processes, managing the station site fully, and increasing operational efficiency. A wireless gas station offers an architecture based on Wi-Fi standards for applications that track and collect data all the way down sto the sensor level. The goal of the research was to install a wireless infrastructure network at a service station. When used in a gas station, plant, enable users to access real-time information, exchange and share sensor readings from the access point, and develop a smart wireless access point system with higher secure encryption than the generic wireless network. The NodeMCU microcontroller, which broadcasts the real-time data to the clients, receives inputs from a temperature, pressure, and humidity sensor. This allows the system to do such activities. It was believed that the built wireless infrastructure will enhance the existing LAN infrastructures. A few basic prerequisites are taken into account. First and foremost, a microcontroller, a sensor unit, software design, and compliance with IEEE 802.11 standards were required.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Urban Gas Station Site Selection Under Territorial Spatial Planning Constraints

The traditional process for selecting urban gas station sites often emphasizes economic benefits and return on investment, frequently overlooking mandatory and guiding constraints established by territorial spatial planning regulations. This neglect can compromise the effective layout and future growth of cities, potentially affecting their long-term development. To address this issue, this study develops a systematic framework for urban gas station site selection that integrates both mandatory and guiding constraints. By conducting detailed analyses of feasible construction areas and fuel demand, the framework quantifies relevant indicators and establishes a comprehensive index system for site selection. A multi-objective optimization model employing genetic algorithms was utilized to maximize fuel demand coverage, minimize inter-station redundancy, and achieve optimal site coverage. This framework was applied to the central urban area of Lishui City, China, as a case study. The site selection schemes achieved a coverage rate exceeding 90%, an inter-station redundancy rate around 30%, and a demand coverage rate surpassing 90%, optimizing the key objectives. Compared to traditional methods that often ignore territorial spatial planning constraints, this framework effectively avoids conflicts with urban planning and regulatory requirements. It enhances infrastructure coordination, supports environmental sustainability, and exhibits strong adaptability to diverse urban contexts, thus offering valuable support for practical decision-making.

A small, old, and slightly rough mirror: Encountering traumatic experiences in Nanjing Museum of the Site of Lijixiang Comfort Stations

AbstractThis paper investigates how traumatic events are curated and narrated in the Nanjing Museum of the Site of Lijixiang Comfort Stations. Drawing on narrative therapy in museology, the paper offers a perspective for understanding and interpreting the narrative practice in public space. It follows the reconstruction of narrative structures through a variety of viewpoints, including spatial narratives, exhibition narratives, public engagement in response to traumatic memories, and the logical and emotional encounters in museums. Visitors' learning of traumatic experiences in the museum shows a kind of indissoluble connection, a type of empathetic mutual understanding, a kind of community engagement that contributed to the recovery, and a kind of responsibility to prevent such traumatic events from happening again.

АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В 2023 ГОДУ НА ПРИМЕРЕ МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СТАНЦИИ ТАЙЫНША СЕВЕРО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

According to the results of the assessment about possible agricultural losses due to climate change, conducted as part of the preparation of the Seventh National Communication of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Climate Change, including for the North Kazakhstan region, where, according to the forecast, by 2050 a decrease in moisture supply during the growing season by 11...16 % and an increase in climate aridity by 10...15 % relative to current indicators are expected. As a result of such changes, this may lead to a decrease in the yield of spring wheat by 30...40 %. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the yield of Aviada spring wheat and meteorological conditions at the observation site of the Taiynsha meteorological station in the North Kazakhstan region for 2023. For this purpose, the actual meteorological parameters for the specified year were studied, such as temperature and precipitation, hydrothermal moisture coefficient (HTC), productive moisture reserves in the soil, sums of effective temperatures, as well as the growth and development characteristics of spring wheat of the Aviada variety during the vegetation period of 2023, its yield.It was found that insufficient precipitation during the critical phases of spring wheat development created stressful conditions during the grain ripening period, and, as a result, affected its yield.In addition, the shift of summer precipitation to August...September led to crop losses during and after harvesting. This article represents the results of the research internship that took place at Taiynsha meteorological station from May to August 2023.