Long-span cable-stayed bridges are a kind of bridge type that has developed rapidly in recent years. It is always the focus of research to take reasonable measures and take effective measures to ensure the safety of bridges in earthquakes. In order to improve the shock absorption performance of long-span cable-stayed bridges, scholars from various countries have carried out a series of experimental exploration and theoretical analysis. According to the number of cable-stayed bridge towers, this paper systematically combs and summarizes the shock absorption design of the three types of cable-stayed bridges of single tower cable-stayed bridge, double-tower cable-stayed bridge and multi-tower cable-stayed bridge. On the one hand, it is the design and theoretical study of shock absorption, on the other hand, it is the design and effect study of shock absorption measures. It summarizes some conclusions of the shock absorption design of various types of long-span cable-stayed bridges, and puts forward suggestions for the future shock absorption design.