Single Receiver Research Articles

Combination of plasma-based lipidomics and machine learning provides a useful diagnostic tool for ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC), the second leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to its asymptomatic nature at early stages. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of plasma-based lipidomics combined with machine learning (ML) in OC. Non-targeted lipidomics analysis was conducted on plasma samples from participants with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), benign ovarian tumor (BOT), and healthy control (HC). The samples were randomly divided into a train set and a test set. Differential lipids between groups were selected using two-tailed Student’s t-test and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Both single lipid-based receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model, and multiple lipid-based ML model, were constructed to investigate the diagnostic value of the differential lipids. The results showed several lipids with significant diagnostic potential. ST 27:2;O achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 0.92 in distinguishing EOC from HC. DG 42:2 had the highest prediction accuracy of 0.96 in diagnosing BOT from HC. Cer d18:1/18:0 had the highest prediction accuracy of 0.65 in differentiating EOC from BOT. Furthermore, multiple lipid-based ML models illustrated better diagnostic performance. K-nearest neighbors (k-NN), partial least squares (PLS), and random forest (RF) models achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 0.96 in discriminating EOC from HC. The support vector machine (SVM) model reached the highest prediction accuracy both in distinguishing BOT from HC, and in differentiating EOC from BOT, with accuracies of 1.00 and 0.74, respectively. In conclusion, this study revealed that the combination of plasma-based lipidomics and ML algorithms is an effective method for diagnosing OC.

Software-Defined Platform for Global Navigation Satellite System Antenna Array Development and Testing

With the increasing demand for accurate and robust positioning solutions, the use of GNSS antenna arrays has gained significant attention. However, their development and testing are frequently constrained by the inflexibility of traditional hardware platforms, often requiring extensive reconfiguration throughout the development cycle. This paper presents a platform based on a system on chip to develop a highly flexible software-controlled system that is capable of directly sampling up to 16 antenna elements. Multibeam digital beamforming is implemented using the available FPGA resources and the resulting signal is reproduced by the integrated DAC and can be connected to any conventional single antenna GNSS receiver. This paper presents the architecture of the platform, detailing its components and capabilities. Our experimental results demonstrate that the system can phase shift every channel with errors of less than 0.5° and can reconfigure 4 simultaneous beams of a 16-antenna array at speeds of 1.2 kHz, and 20 beams at around 400 Hz. The average delay introduced by each channel of the system is around 381 ns with a maximum deviation of 1.05 ns. The delay was also measured for the implementation using 4 beams, which achieves a slightly bigger average delay of 384.6 ns while keeping the variation to 5 to 6 ns. This system is intended to be used as the backbone for the development of antenna arrays and beamforming algorithms. Given its flexibility, it is not necessary to develop new hardware between development iterations or even for different systems, as only the software layer needs to be modified. Consequently, it is possible to expedite the development stage before producing dedicated solutions for industrial applications.

Evidence disclosure with heterogeneous priors

We investigate an interesting type of equilibrium of a game where a collective decision is reached by aggregating the preferred alternatives of a group of Receivers. A Sender that cares about the collective decision must make efforts (not below a normative-minimum) to gather evidence relevant for the Receivers to gauge their preferred alternatives. Research efforts may be unsuccessful, which allows for strategic concealment. Each Receiver cares only about her preferred alternative so that the goal of the Sender is achieved by affecting the beliefs of a single representative Receiver (e.g., pivotal voter). Disagreement between the players about the best alternative is based solely on heterogeneous priors. The type of equilibrium that we study arises when the Sender and the representative Receiver agree based on their priors but disagree based on some evidence. In such situations, while unfavorable evidence is concealed always, both disclosure and concealment of favorable evidence may happen with positive probability. Interestingly, for sufficiently low normative-minimum efforts, there arises a continuum of equilibria in which the Sender discloses favorable evidence with higher probability.

The Real-Time Detection of Vertical Displacements by Low-Cost GNSS Receivers Using Precise Point Positioning.

Vertical displacements are traditionally measured with precise levelling, which is inherently time consuming. Rapid or even real-time height determination can be achieved by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Nevertheless, the accuracy of real-time GNSS positioning is limited, and the deployment of a network of continuously operating GNSS receivers is not cost effective unless low-cost GNSS receivers are considered. In this study, we examined the use of geodetic-grade and low-cost GNSS receivers for static and real-time GNSS levelling, respectively. The results of static GNSS levelling were processed in four different software programs or services. The largest differences for ellipsoidal/normal heights reached 0.054 m/0.055 m, 0.046 m/0.047 m, and 0.058 m/0.058 m for points WRO1, BM_ROOF, and BM_CP, respectively. In addition, the values depended on the software used and the location of the point. However, the multistage experiment was designed to analyze various strategies for GNSS data processing and to define a method for detecting vertical displacement in a time series of receiver coordinates. The developed method combined time differentiation of coordinates estimated for a single GNSS receiver using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique and Butterworth filtering. It demonstrated the capability of real-time detection of six out of eight displacements in the range between 20 and 55 mm at the three-sigma level. The study showed the potential of low-cost GNSS receivers for real-time displacement detection, thereby suggesting their applicability to structural health monitoring, positioning, or early warning systems.

Multi-image based self-embedding watermarking with lossless tampering recovery capability

In recent years, many self-embedding watermarking schemes have been proposed to protect the integrity of images and recover the tampered images. However, current self-embedding watermarking schemes cannot simultaneously achieve the lossless recovery and high tampering-resistance ability. In some sensitive fields, e.g., the medical field and the military field, the lossless recovery and high tampering-resistance ability are extremely important. Therefore, we propose a multi-image based self-embedding watermarking scheme with lossless tampering recovery capability (MISEW), which can not only realize the integrity authentication but also achieve the lossless recovery of the tampered content, even if the watermarked images are tampered extensively. Specifically, the image owner first uses the secret-sharing system and the reference-sharing mechanism to generate multiple sub-secret keys and watermarked images, respectively. Then, these images are sent to multiple receivers. At the receiving end, a single receiver can only realize integrity authentication and tampering localization according to a sub-secret key generated by the secret-sharing system. In addition, only when the number of cooperating receivers exceeds a threshold, the receivers can recover the complete-secret key, and then recover the original image without any loss. Experimental results show that even if all watermarked images are tampered by 44%, our MISEW scheme can achieve lossless recovery. Besides, as long as no less than two watermarked images avoid tampering, lossless recovery can be achieved regardless of the tampering degree for other watermarked images.

Unlinkable and Revocable Signcryption Scheme for VANETs

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) can significantly improve the level of urban traffic management. However, the sender unlinkability has become an intricate issue in the field of VANETs’ encryption. As the sender signcrypts a message, the receiver has to use the sender’s identity or public key to decrypt it. Consequently, the sender can be traced using the same identity or public key, which poses some security risks to the sender. To address this issue, we present an unlinkable and revocable signcryption scheme (URSCS), where an efficient and powerful signcryption mechanism is adopted for communication. The sender constructs a polynomial to generate a unique session key for each communication, which is then transmitted to a group of receivers, enabling the same secret message to be sent to multiple receivers. Each time a secret message is sent, a new key pair is generated, and an anonymization mechanism is introduced to conceal the true identity of the vehicle, thus preventing malicious attackers from tracing the sender through the public key or the real identity. With the introduction of the identification public key, this scheme supports either multiple receivers or a single receiver, where the receiver can be either road side units (RSUs) or vehicles. Additionally, a complete revocation mechanism is constructed with extremely low communication overhead, utilizing the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT). Formal and informal security analyses demonstrate that our URSCS scheme meets the expected security and privacy requirements of VANETs. The performance analysis shows that our URSCS scheme outperforms other represented schemes.

The study of total electron content on ionosphere by using single frequency GPS receiver

In this research, we studied total electron content (TEC) on ionosphere by using single frequency from global positioning satellite system (GPS) satellite receiver. According to the ionospheric disturbance, ionospheric delay time on TEC is one of the most significant errors in GPS navigation systems. The positioning errors for GPS satellite systems from ionospheric delay depends on TEC over the region of interest as low latitude, Thailand. In research methodology, we proposed our ionospheric delay dataset on the period of the year 2004–2023 into the single frequency TEC method for finding GPS TEC. We investigated single frequency GPS TEC in three different stations, Bangkok, Chiang Mai, and Chumphon. Each station was installed the single and dual frequency GPS receivers for receiving the GPS signals over Thailand region. We investigated and compared single frequency GPS TEC results with dual frequency GPS TEC, International GNSS Service TEC (IGS TEC), and International Reference Ionosphere TEC (IRI TEC) in the year 2023. As the results, TEC using the single frequency GPS receiver is significantly statistical to be use for the study TEC on ionosphere over low latitude, Thailand.

Experimental Phase-Encoded Linear Sampling Method Imaging With a Single Transmitter and Receiver

Experimental Phase-Encoded Linear Sampling Method Imaging With a Single Transmitter and Receiver

Coherence of the frequency-difference autoproduct deduced from high-frequency acoustic fields scattered from a rough sea surfacea).

The prevalence of random scattering from a rough ocean surface increases with increasing χ=kh cos θ, where k is the acoustic wavenumber, h is the root-mean-square surface height, and θ is the incidence angle. Generally, when χ≫1, coherence between incident and surface-scattered fields is lost. However, such coherence may be recovered when χ≫1 by considering the frequency-difference autoproduct of the surface-scattered field, a quadratic product of complex fields at nearby frequencies. Herein, the autoproduct's coherent reflection coefficient for χ> 20 is determined from surface-scattered sound fields obtained from 50 independent realizations of the rough ocean surface measured in pelagic waters off the coast of California in January 1992. The recordings were made with a source at a depth of 147 m that broadcasted 30 and 40 kHz signals to a single receiver 576 m away at depth of 66 m. An analytic formula for the coherent reflection coefficient of the frequency-difference autoproduct, based on the Kirchhoff approximation and a Gaussian surface autocorrelation function, compares favorably with measurements. Improved agreement with the single-receiver measurements is possible via a minor adjustment to the surface autocorrelation length. The adjustment identified here matches that determined previously from horizontal spatial coherence estimates utilizing the experiment's eight-element receiving array.

Regional soundscape modeling of the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelfa).

The ocean soundscape is a complex superposition of sound from natural and anthropogenic sources. Recent advances in acoustic remote sensing and marine bioacoustics have highlighted how animals use their soundscape and how the background sound levels are influenced by human activities. In this paper, developments in computational ocean acoustics, remote sensing, and oceanographic modeling are combined to generate modelled sound fields at multiple scales in time and space. Source mechanisms include surface shipping, surface wind, and wave fields. A basin scale model is presented and applied to the United States Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). For model-data comparison at a single hydrophone location, the model is run for a single receiver position. Environmental and source model uncertainty is included in the site-specific modeling of the soundscape. An inversion of the local sediment type is made for a set of sites in the OCS. After performing this inversion, the qualitative comparison of the modelled sound pressure level (SPL) time series and observed SPL is excellent. The quantitative differences in the mean root mean square error between the model and data is less than 3 dB for most sites and frequencies above 90 Hz.

О возможности оценки предельной дальности обнаружения подводных глайдеров

A technique for holographic processing of a noise signal from an underwater source is presented, which makes it possible to estimate its maximum detection range. An algorithm for determining parameters is presented holographic processing, realizing the maximum detection range. The results are given numerical experiment to determine the maximum detection range of a hybrid AUV in the “underwater glider” mode. As a receiving system, a single receiver and a linear antenna.

Reconstruction of rough surfaces from a single receiver at grazing angle

AbstractThis article develops a method for recovering a one‐dimensional rough surface profile from scattered wave field, using a single receiver and repeated measurements when the surface is moving with respect to source and receiver. This extends a previously introduced marching method utilizing low grazing angles, and addresses the key issue of the requirement for many simultaneous receivers. The algorithm recovers the surface height below the receiver point step‐by‐step as the surface is moved, using the parabolic wave integral equations. Numerical examples of reconstructed surfaces demonstrate that the method is robust in both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, and with respect to different roughness characteristics and measurement noise.

Integrated methodology for gas content assessment and prediction in shallow muddy lake sediments: acoustic mapping and correlation analysis

This paper provides a step-by-step description of integrated methodology for quantification and prediction of gas (methane, CH4) content dynamics in shallow aquatic sediments under changing spatial and temporal conditions. Presence of gas bubbles even in small concentrations significantly affects sediment compressibility, which in turn decreases sound speed in sediment. Our integrated methodology consists of two basic steps. In the first step, free gas content is evaluated by acoustic applications based on the sound speed inferred from the reflection coefficient from gassy bottom. The experimental bottom reflections are registered and compared to the simulated ones, using a geoacoustic inversion technique. The best match between the model and the experiment provides sediment sound speed estimate, which is converted into free gas content using a basic relation. In the second step, a multivariate linear regression is fitted for gas content and closed form expression of gas content dependence on the following predictors, which change spatially and temporally over the aquatic ecosystem, is obtained: 1) water depth, 2) short-leaving CH4 production rate peaks fueled by punctuated organic matter deposition; and 3) CH4 bubble dissolution rates.•Gas content and sound speed in the sediment are estimated via the geoacoustic inversion technique by matching the experimentally recorded and simulated bottom reflections•Only single source and receiver are required for the acoustic methodology•A multivariate linear regression is fitted for gas content to indicate its dependence on various predictors that change spatially and temporally over the lake

Single-Source VLCP System Based on Solar Cell Array Receiver and Right-Angled Tetrahedron Trilateration VLP (RATT-VLP) Algorithm

A significant deployment limitation for visible light communication and positioning (VLCP) systems in energy- and light-source-restricted scenarios is the reliance of photodetectors (PDs) on external power supplies, compromising sustainability and complicating receiver charging. Solar cells (SCs), capable of harvesting and converting environmental light into electrical energy, offer a promising alternative. Consequently, we first propose an indoor VLCP system that utilizes an SC array as the receiver, alongside a right-angled tetrahedron trilateration visible light positioning (RATT-VLP) algorithm based on a single light source and multiple receivers. The proposed system uses an SC array in place of PDs, utilizing binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals for simultaneous communication and positioning. In experiments, we verified the system’s error-free communication rate of 1.21 kbps and average positioning error of 3.40 cm in a 30 cm × 30 cm area, indicating that the system can simultaneously satisfy low-speed communication and accurate positioning applications. This provides a viable foundation for further research on SC-based VLCP systems, facilitating potential applications in environments like underwater wireless communication, positioning, and storage tank inspection.

Moment analysis on channel eigenvalue for DAS‐to‐DAS system

AbstractIn this paper, we study on channel eigenvalue distribution of MIMO system, namely, DAS‐to‐DAS system, of which transmit and receive nodes are geometrically distributed in unplanned manner. It offers key to performance upper bound analysis of collaborative transmission in unplanned network and multi‐user transmission of distributed antenna system. Previous studies on stochastic geometry have analyzed performance of single typical receiver, while transmitters are geometrically distributed. And random matrix theory has unveiled probabilistic behavior of MIMO channel eigenvalues, while transmit and receive antennas are collocated. Our study integrates knowledge from the two different research fields to extend the applicability to analysis on channel eigenvalue distribution of DAS‐to‐DAS system. As a preliminary research on such channel eigenvalue distribution, its first few moments are derived in analytic form. And its coherency of the analysis results with Monte‐Carlo simulation results has examined.

Physical layer security in wireless sensors networks: secrecy outage probability analysis

ABSTRACT The secrecy performance of wireless networks powered up by a dedicated power beacon (PB) is addressed in this work. Particularly, the closed-form expression of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) under the presence of multiple eavesdroppers is given. The considered networks are asymmetric since there are multiple eavesdroppers but only a single legitimate receiver. As a consequence, two wiretap schemes are employed, namely, non-colluding and colluding schemes, to take advantage of multiple eavesdroppers. To draw insights from the derived framework, the asymptotic framework of the SOP under the high transmit power regime is also provided. Next, Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate the theoretical foundations of the proposed approach. Our findings show that by increasing the transmit power from −10 dB to 30 dB, the SOP ameliorates almost a thousand times. Additionally, the SOP is a monotonic decreasing function with a time-switching ratio. We also make comparisons with work in the literature in which the full-duplex relay is employed to help the legitimate link. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed network outperforms those described in the literature. Particularly, through reliance on the setup, the SOP under the proposed system is better than those of the literature by about twofold.

Alamouti-coded DSP algorithm with a simplified PTBC decoder for next-generation optical access networks

The use of Alamouti-coded polarization-time block code (A-PTBC) in combination with a simple single polarization coherent receiver enables phase-diverse coherent detection without any optical polarization tracking. However, applying this technique to high-speed single-carrier systems is not straightforward, as it requires specialized digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms for data recovery, which increases DSP complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel Alamouti-coded coherent algorithm designed to significantly reduce the complexity of the receiver DSP for data recovery. The proposed algorithm achieves the comparable performance to the conventional algorithm but requires only half the number of necessary equalizers for data recovery. We validate its performance through simulations and also experimentally demonstrate a 100 Gb/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) single-carrier coherent system employed the single-polarization coherent receiver over 20 km of standard single-mode fiber (SMF). Through the performance verification, the coherent system with the proposed algorithm exhibits performance comparable to that of the conventional Alamouti-coded coherent system and achieves a power budget of 34 dB when the transmit launch power is set to 7 dBm at a Bit Error Rate (BER) of 1 × 10−2 for 0-20 km fiber transmission.

Enhancing the Secure Transmission of Data Over Optical Fiber Networks from Source to Destination

ABSTRACT The quantum key distribution (QKD) method allows for the safe creation of encryption keys between trusted entities for secure communication. The suggested system is designed to enable secure communication between multiple parties (a single sender, Alice, and multiple receivers, Bobs) connected via a public channel susceptible to interception. It enables Alice to privately share encryption keys with each Bob over dedicated quantum channels, which can then be used to decrypt messages sent over the public network. The procedure involves Alice generating optical signals with randomly assigned properties such as intensity, phase, polarization, and frequencies. Alice randomly sends either signal states carrying information or decoy states with different frequencies to the receivers (Bobs) over the quantum channels. She also sends a synchronization signal for timing alignment with the quantum signals over the optical links. At the receiving end, the synchronization pulse timestamps the incoming quantum signals. Each Bob then randomly alters the frequencies of the received quantum signals and randomly measures their phase or polarization. The key is created from the frequency, phase, or polarization information of the quantum signals, resulting in longer keys. Key management agents manage the securely QKD-generated keys to encrypt information before sending it to the intended receivers. Essentially, this framework establishes authenticated, private communication by using QKD over dedicated ultra-secure quantum links to distribute decryption keys, ensuring that only intended users can access the content. The approach is designed to ensure end-to-end secure communication across the network.

WiFi2Radar: Orientation-Independent Single-Receiver WiFi Sensing via WiFi to Radar Translation

WiFi2Radar: Orientation-Independent Single-Receiver WiFi Sensing via WiFi to Radar Translation

Experimental study on preheating and salt circulation performance of a single receiver tube based on induction heating

The design of a light source for a molten salt receiver experimental system has become challenging owing to the complex heating characteristics of the half-circumference surface during operation. Electromagnetic induction heating is an innovative technology that can replicate a half-circle heating scenario. However, its feasibility must be verified. In this study, we constructed a single receiver tube experimental system using induction heaters and developed a 3D numerical model coupling electromagnetic field to analyze the tube temperature distribution and molten salt temperature rise during preheating and salt circulation, considering various parameters. The results indicated that the numerical simulation agreed well with the experimental results, and the induction heater successfully reproduced the half circumference heating scenario. During preheating, a lower heat flux and higher wind speed result in a more uniform temperature distribution along the circumference of the tube wall, facilitating comprehensive preheating. During salt circulation, the heat flux and inlet salt mass flow significantly affected the temperature of the tube wall but had a relatively small effect on the back-side wall. Wind speed had the opposite effect, which was related to the arrangement of the experimental site. A higher heat flux, lower wind speed, and higher inlet salt mass flow led to a higher temperature increase in the molten salt.