Single Plane Research Articles

Wasatch Fault Structure from Machine Learning Arrival Times and High-Precision Earthquake Locations

Abstract On 18 March 2020, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake hit the Salt Lake valley in the state of Utah, United States. Using a dense geophone deployment and machine learning (ML), an additional several thousand events were detected and located. Currently, both the mainshock and the majority of the aftershocks are suspected to have occurred on or near a deeper portion of the Salt Lake segment of the Wasatch fault—part of a large range-bounding fault system thought to be capable of generating an Mw 7.2 earthquake. However, a small subset of aftershocks may have occurred on a portion of the more steeply, eastward dipping, and poorly understood West Valley fault. Unfortunately, the catalog locations and lack of focal mechanisms for this subset of aftershocks provide only a crude constraint on the true fault structure. To better illuminate fault structure, we relocate the ML-generated catalog with a range of magnitudes from −2 to 4.6, using: (1) NonLinLoc, a nonlinear location algorithm, (2) source-specific station terms, and (3) waveform coherence. We further compute first-motion focal mechanisms for 68 events. Results of the relocation suggest a simpler, minimally listric Wasatch fault geometry, contrary to what has been previously proposed. We also find that analysis of the focal mechanisms and waveform similarity indicates minimal event similarity throughout the Magna sequence, suggesting a highly complex and heterogeneous rupture zone, as opposed to rupture on a single plane. These findings suggest an increased seismic hazard due to the overall shallowness of the earthquake sequence and highly varied rupture mechanisms.

Evaluating Urine Cytology Slide Digitization Efficiency: A Comparative Study Using an Artificial Intelligence-Based Heuristic Scanning Simulation and Multiple Z-Plane Scanning

Introduction: Digitizing cytology slides presents challenges because of their three-dimensional features and uneven cell distribution. While multi-Z-plane scan is a prevalent solution, its adoption in clinical digital cytopathology is hindered by prolonged scanning times, increased image file sizes, and the requirement for cytopathologists to review multiple Z-plane images. Methods: This study presents heuristic scan as a novel solution, using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach specifically designed for cytology slide scanning as an alternative to the multi-Z-plane scan. Both the 21 Z-plane scan and the heuristic scan simulation methods were used on 52 urine cytology slides from three distinct cytopreparations (Cytospin, ThinPrep, and BD CytoRich™ [SurePath]), generating whole-slide images (WSIs) via the Leica Aperio AT2 digital scanner. The AI algorithm inferred the WSI from 21 Z-planes to quantitate the total number of suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma or more severe cells (SHGUC+) cells. The heuristic scan simulation calculated the total number of SHGUC+ cells from the 21 Z-plane scan data. Performance metrics including SHGUC+ cell coverage rates (calculated by dividing the number of SHGUC+ cells identified in multiple Z-planes or heuristic scan simulation by the total SHGUC+ cells in the 21 Z-planes for each WSI), scanning time, and file size were analyzed to compare the performance of each scanning method. The heuristic scan's metrics were linearly estimated from the 21 Z-plane scan data. Additionally, AI-aided interpretations of WSIs with scant SHGUC+ cells followed The Paris System guidelines and were compared with original diagnoses. Results: The heuristic scan achieved median SHGUC+ cell coverage rates similar to 5 Z-plane scans across three cytopreparations (0.78–0.91 vs. 0.75–0.88, p = 0.451–0.578). Notably, it substantially reduced both scanning time (137.2–635.0 s vs. 332.6–1,278.8 s, p < 0.05) and image file size (0.51–2.10 GB vs. 1.16–3.10 GB, p < 0.05). Importantly, the heuristic scan yielded higher rates of accurate AI-aided interpretations compared to the single Z-plane scan (62.5% vs. 37.5%). Conclusion: We demonstrated that the heuristic scan offers a cost-effective alternative to the conventional multi-Z-plane scan in digital cytopathology. It achieves comparable SHGUC+ cell capture rates while reducing both scanning time and image file size, promising to aid digital urine cytology interpretations with a higher accuracy rate compared to the conventional single (optimal) plane scan. Further studies are needed to assess the integration of this new technology into compatible digital scanners for practical cytology slide scanning.

Seismological evidence for a multifault network at the subduction interface

Subduction zones generate the largest earthquakes on Earth, yet their detailed structure, and its influence on seismic and aseismic slip, remains poorly understood. Geological studies of fossil subduction zones characterize the seismogenic interface as a 100 m–1 km thick zone1–3 in which deformation occurs mostly on metres-thick faults1,3–6. Conversely, seismological studies, with their larger spatial coverage and temporal resolution but lower spatial resolution, often image the seismogenic interface as a kilometres-wide band of seismicity7. Thus, how and when these metre-scale structures are active at the seismic-cycle timescale, and what influence they have on deformation is not known. Here we detect these metres-thick faults with seismicity and show their influence on afterslip propagation. Using a local three-dimensional velocity model and dense observations of more than 1,500 double-difference relocated earthquakes in Ecuador, we obtain an exceptionally detailed image of seismicity, showing that earthquakes occur sometimes on a single plane and sometimes on several metres-thick simultaneously active subparallel planes within the plate interface zone. This geometrical complexity affects afterslip propagation, demonstrating the influence of fault continuity and structure on slip at the seismogenic interface. Our findings can therefore help to create more realistic models of earthquake rupture, aseismic slip and earthquake hazard in subduction zones.

Imaging Left-Lateral and Reverse Near-Surface Slip of the 2020 Mw 5.1 Sparta, North Carolina, Earthquake

ABSTRACT Coseismic deformation of the 9 August 2020 Mw 5.1 Sparta, North Carolina, earthquake was captured by an Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 interferogram, a Sentinel 1A/B interferogram, and differential light detection and ranging (lidar). Owing to the moderate surface deformation compared to the inherent uncertainties of interferometric data, the interferograms suffered from low signal-to-noise ratios, exacerbated by spurious signals arising from the discrepancy in resolution between the interferograms and digital elevation model used during processing. Nevertheless, coseismic slip can be imaged using graph-guided fused LASSO, where LASSO is the least-absolute shrinkage and selection operator—an inverse method that combines sparsity constraints and smoothness regularization—to infer signal from noisy and/or incomplete data. We develop five coseismic slip models, one determined only from the Sentinel 1A/B interferogram, one determined from both interferograms, one determined from all the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data masking potentially spurious data corresponding to industrial parks, one from lidar 3D displacements only, and one constrained by the masked InSAR and the lidar data. All five models are coseismic slip on a single fault plane, trending northwest–southeast with dips ranging from 41° to 60° to the southwest. Coseismic slip is imaged to be shallow, with predominantly oblique reverse slip extending to about 2 km depth. We find that masking the interferometric data corresponding to the industrial parks yields a coseismic slip model in better concordance with ancillary information about the Sparta earthquake and that the lidar data yield additional constraints on near-surface coseismic slip. We show that our preferred coseismic slip model is consistent with a stress regime that does not depart from an Andersonian thrust regime to a large degree, constraining that the background stress is larger than 20–30 MPa.

Ultrasound channel attention residual network for medical plane wave echo data-based average sound speed estimation

The average sound speed estimation is crucial for ultrasound imaging quality and diagnostic. In this article, the deep learning techniques were utilized and an innovative Ultrasound Channel Attention Residual Network (UCA-ResNet) was proposed. The UCA-ResNet incorporated a specially designed Ultrasound Channel Attention (UCA) block, which effectively enhanced relevant ultrasound channel features and convolutional channel features. For evaluation, the simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments were conducted. In the simulation experiment, UCA-ResNet achieved remarkable results, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.40 m/s, root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.25 m/s, standard deviation of error (SDE) of 1.25 m/s, and a one-time estimation time of 3.67 ms. Moreover, the phantom and in vivo experiments further validated the high accuracy and low computational cost of UCA-ResNet. The UCA-ResNet can accurately estimate the average sound speed using a single plane wave echo data while maintaining low computational cost. It has potential in enhancing medical ultrasound imaging quality and providing novel diagnostic insights. (Code and data will be available upon acceptance of the manuscript.)

Validation of Left Atrial Volume Correction for Single Plane Method on Four-Chamber Cine Cardiac MRI.

Left atrial (LA) assessment is an important marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) accurately quantifies LA volume and function based on biplane long-axis imaging. We aimed to validate single-plane-derived LA indices against the biplane method to simplify the post-processing of cine CMR. In this study, 100 patients from Leeds Teaching Hospitals were used as the derivation cohort. Bias correction for the single plane method was applied and subsequently validated in 79 subjects. There were significant differences between the biplane and single plane mean LA maximum and minimum volumes and LA ejection fraction (EF) (all p < 0.01). After correcting for biases in the validation cohort, significant correlations in all LA indices were observed (0.89 to 0.98). The area under the curve (AUC) for the single plane to predict biplane cutoffs of LA maximum volume ≥ 112 mL was 0.97, LA minimum volume ≥ 44 mL was 0.99, LA stroke volume (SV) ≤ 21 mL was 1, and LA EF ≤ 46% was 1, (all p < 0.001). LA volumetric and functional assessment by the single plane method has a systematic bias compared to the biplane method. After bias correction, single plane LA volume and function are comparable to the biplane method.

Design and performance analysis of soft pneumatic manipulator‐based linear cutter and stem holder for sweet pepper harvesting

AbstractEfficient automation of stem‐cutting processes in agricultural practices is crucial but little‐studied for improving productivity and reducing labor‐intensive tasks. To address this need, we present a customized stem cutter and stem holder designed explicitly for sweet pepper harvesting. The stem cutter comprises a fixed plate and a moving plate with a blade, which moves in a single plane at an upward angle of 30° toward the fixed plate. The movement of the blade is facilitated by a soft bellows pneumatic actuator constructed using silicon rubber material. By applying air pressure from a DC air pump, the actuator extends forward, causing the blade part to make contact with the fixed plate and effectively cut the stem. The stem holder holds the stem securely before cutting. It contains two inflatable manipulators made of soft materials that expand inwards when air‐filled, ensuring that the stem is securely held and readily collected after harvest. Both simulation and experimental results are presented, in which the average cutting time was 2.356 s. We believe that these innovations represent an efficient method for automating the stem‐cutting process in sweet pepper cultivation and thus significantly contribute to the field of agricultural robotics.

Why the turn to matter matters: A response to post-Marxist critiques of new materialism

Theories of new materialism have gained increasing traction in the social and human sciences in recent decades, as thinkers like Donna Haraway, Bruno Latour and Jane Bennett have reinvigorated the philosophical interest in topics such as the agency of nonhuman matter, the relational nature of existence and the limitations of anthropocentric forms of inquiry. However, these theories have faced criticism from post-Marxist critical theorists, who argue that theories of new materialism blunt social and capitalist critique and promote obscurity by flattening the world to a single ontological plane. In this article, I argue that these critiques rely on mischaracterizations of new materialist scholarship and that theories of new materialism can in fact help us re-examine – not reject, as their critics suggest – the role of critique, responsibility and human politics in the context of the Anthropocene and its unfolding ecological crises.

Effect of grain boundaries and rigid inclusions on plasticity in nickel bicrystals containing helium bubbles and radiation-induced self-interstitial atom clusters

We use molecular dynamics to assess the effect of grain boundaries and rigid intergranular inclusions on plastic deformation in nickel (Ni) containing helium (He) bubbles and self-interstitial atom clusters. Our simulations show that plasticity in Ni bicrystals is relatively uniform, with no localized slip bands or nano-twins. We attribute this behavior to grain boundaries, which block dislocations and favor activation of new sources over persistent slip along a single plane. While there is no initiation of intergranular cracks, He bubbles at matrix/inclusion interfaces elongate along the tensile axis and migrate towards regions of high tension, potentially setting the conditions for formation of crack-like flaws via bubble coalescence. We discuss the implications of our work for understanding degradation of mechanical properties in Ni-base alloys in nuclear reactors.

Fusedly Deposited Frequency-Selective Composites Fabricated by a Dual-Nozzle 3D Printing as Microwave Filter.

We report a fusedly deposited frequency-selective composite (FD-FSCs), fabricated with a dual-nozzle 3D printer using a conductive carbon black (CB) polylactic acid (PLA) composite filament and a pure PLA polymer filament. The square frequency-selective pattern was constructed by the conductive CB/PLA nanocomposite, and the apertures of the pattern were filled with the pure dielectric PLA material, which allows the FD-FSC to maintain one single plane, even under bending, and also affects the resonating frequency due to the characteristic impedance of PLA (εr' ≈ 2.0). The number of the deposition layer and the printing direction were observed to affect electrical conductivity, complex permittivity, and the frequency selectivity of the FD-FSCs. In addition, the FD-FSCs designed for an X-band showed partial transmission around the resonant frequency and was observed to, quite uniformly, transmit microwaves in the decibel level of -2.17~-2.83 dB in the whole X-band, unlike a metallic frequency selective surface with full transmission at the resonance frequency. FD-FSCs embedded radar absorbing structure (RAS) demonstrates an excellent microwave absorption and a wide effective bandwidth. At a thickness of 4.3 mm, the 10 dB bandwidth covered the entire X-band (8.2~12.4 GHz) range of 4.2 GHz. Therefore, the proposed FD-FSCs fabricated by dual-nozzle 3D printing can be an impedance modifier to expand the design space and the application of radar absorbing materials and structures.

Multilayer printed antennas and arrays for 5G applications

ABSTRACT In this paper we describe a class of printed patch antennas that involve 3 metal layers completely integrated within a single dielectric, which are of very high efficiency and significant gain. The antennas presented have dual linear polarization and sufficient impedance matching bandwidth to be suited for sub-6 5G applications, producing advantageous antenna arrays monolithically integrated into a single planar PCB that are thin and lightweight. The feeding mechanism of the antennas is through an intermediate dedicated metal layer designed appropriately as a coupler, coupling the input power at the feeding ports of the structure to the antenna without a direct metal contact to the radiating patch. The multilayer design allows monolithic integration of multi-element combiners and phase shifters within the PCB of antenna arrays and results in compact monolithic scanning arrays. Theoretical full-wave simulations and measurements of fabricated prototypes are in very good agreement and validate the proposed designs.

Three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed MXene high‐voltage aqueous micro‐supercapacitors with ultrahigh areal energy density and low‐temperature tolerance

AbstractThe rapid advancement in the miniaturization, integration, and intelligence of electronic devices has escalated the demand for customizable micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) with high energy density. However, efficient microfabrication of safe and high‐energy MXene MSCs for integrating microelectronics remains a significant challenge due to the low voltage window in aqueous electrolytes (typically ≤0.6 V) and limited areal mass loading of MXene microelectrodes. Here, we tackle these challenges by developing a high‐concentration (18 mol kg−1) “water‐in‐LiBr” (WiB) gel electrolyte for MXene symmetric MSCs (M‐SMSCs), demonstrating a record high voltage window of 1.8 V. Subsequently, additive‐free aqueous MXene ink with excellent rheological behavior is developed for three‐dimensional (3D) printing customizable all‐MXene microelectrodes on various substrates. Leveraging the synergy of a high‐voltage WiB gel electrolyte and 3D‐printed microelectrodes, quasi‐solid‐state M‐SMSCs operating stably at 1.8 V are constructed, and achieve an ultrahigh areal energy density of 1772 μWh cm−2 and excellent low‐temperature tolerance, with a long‐term operation at −40°C. Finally, by extending the 3D printing protocol, M‐SMSCs are integrated with humidity sensors on a single planar substrate, demonstrating their reliability in miniaturized integrated microsystems.

Crosstalk-Free Multiplane Full-Color Holography Based on the Space Division Method

This paper has proposed a full-color holography based on the space division method to provide a new solution for three-dimensional color holographic display. The hologram is divided into three different regions for the R, G, and B trichromatic hologram components, which will be designed separately at the corresponding positions. The projection images at different projection depths are preprocessed to meet dimension matching and position matching conditions. Different color images are reconstructed on a single plane and 19 planes in simulations and experiments, respectively, which verify the feasibility of the method. The designed phase-only holograms were fabricated on the silica substrate to obtain the diffraction optical element (DOE). Expect for one DOE, three lasers, and one CCD, no additional optical components are required to prompt a compact and simple experimental setup, which is expected to be used to realize full-color display.

Late-Liberalism and Righteousness: Affective Reflexes and Experiments in Retraining

Elizabeth Povinelli describes late liberalism as the ‘governance of social difference in the wake of the anticolonial movements and the emergence of new social movements’. Taking museums and the impact of the turn towards participatory practice as a focus, I draw on both Povinelli’s ‘cunning of recognition’ and Brian Massumi’s diagnosing of Abraham Lincoln’s phrase ‘of the people, by the people, for the people’ to understand late liberalism as a loop or circuit where impossible to realise ideals, and ‘part-concept’ tensions create ongoing problematics which require daily negotiation in ways that draw political energy centripetally towards reform. Righteousness is proposed as an affective reflex ‐ a kind of starter fuel ‐ that works to kick into life the late liberal loop of museum constitution. Reflex ‐ holding the sense of an in-the-moment reaction ‐ is approached through activating two trajectories within theorisations of affect. The first trajectory is that of the relationship between affect, intuition and attachment as developed by Lauren Berlant. The second trajectory explores affect and intensities as taken up in different ways through Lawrence Grossberg and Brian Massumi’s engagements with Deleuze and Guattari. Methodologically, the article proceeds through specifying a contribution that experimental academic writing might make to conjunctural analysis ‐ working with Patricia Clough’s suggestion that experimental writing offers ‘methods … for cutting out an apparatus of knowing and observation from a single plane … with the aim of eliciting exposure or escaping it, intensifying engagement or lessening it’. In particular it is suggested that experimental writing might offer methods not only for generating political analysis, but also for retraining reflexes to enable political interventions. In the case of the righteous reflex of late liberalism it is suggested that retraining might be supported by turning the types of analytical attention offered by attachment and intensities into political techniques of detachment (following Berlant) and modulation (following Massumi). If the changing nature of museum workers’ reflexes can be amplified and then cultivated to suspend the righteous reflex, then different kinds of practice (not defined by inclusion and representation) might be given new space to emerge.

Multifunctional metalens optical tweezers for optical information recognition.

Traditional optical information recognition (OIR), particle capture and manipulation require many optical devices or mechanical moving system components to achieve a specific function, which is difficult to achieve integration. This paper proposes a new method to realize these functions by using multi-focus metalens combining spectrum and polarization selection. The design incorporates three spectral bands, namely 500 nm, 580 nm, and 660 nm, within the visible light range. Additionally, it utilizes either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized (LCP/RCP) light, resulting in six distinct focus focusing effects on a single focal plane. By analyzing the normalized light intensity (NLI) at the corresponding focus position, the OIR of any wavelength and polarization detection in the design can be realized, and the particle capture at different focusing positions can be realized. Our work can provide a new idea for the high integration of on-chip light recognition and operation and inspire the design of a highly integrated optical system with a smaller size and more substantial function.

Impact of focus cue presentation on perceived realism of 3-D scene structure: Implications for scene perception and for display technology.

Stereoscopic imagery often aims to evoke three-dimensional (3-D) percepts that are accurate and realistic-looking. The "gap" between 3-D imagery and real scenes is small, but focus cues typically remain incorrect because images are displayed on a single focal plane. Research has concentrated on the resulting vergence-accommodation conflicts. Yet, incorrect focus cues may also affect the appearance of 3-D imagery. We investigated whether incorrect focus cues reduce perceived realism of 3-D structure ("depth realism"). Experiment1 used a multiple-focal-planes display to compare depth realism with correct focus cues vs. conventional stereo presentation. The stimuli were random-dot stereograms, which isolated the role of focus cues. Depth realism was consistently lower with incorrect focus cues, providing proof-of-principle evidence that they contribute to perceptual realism. Experiments2 and3 examined whether focus cues play a similar role with realistic objects, presented with an almost complete set of visual cues using a high-resolution, high-dynamic-range multiple-focal-planes display. We also examined the efficacy of approximating correct focus cues via gaze-contingent depth-of-field rendering. Improvements in depth realism with correct focus cues were less clear in more realistic scenes, indicating that the role of focus cues in depth realism depends on scene content. Rendering-based approaches, if anything, reduced depth realism, which we attribute to their inability to present higher-order aspects of blur correctly. Our findings suggest future general 3-D display solutions may need to present focus cues correctly to maximise perceptual realism.

A new Harrisiothecium pollen organ from the Upper Triassic of South Central China

Extinct Mesozoic seed plants are key for understanding the evolution and relationships of seed plants, including homologies among their reproductive organs. Recent discoveries of exceptionally well-preserved fossils have greatly enhanced knowledge of the ovulate reproductive organs of Mesozoic seed plants, but research on the corresponding pollen organs is more limited. Here we describe a new species of Mesozoic pollen organ, Harrisiothecium sanduense sp. nov. based on material from the Upper Triassic Yangmeilong Formation in Hunan, South Central China. Harrisiothecium sanduense consists of a thick central axis bearing lateral secondary branches arranged mainly in a single plane and almost distichous. The lateral branches are unbranched or bifurcate, and bear one or two terminal capsules each consisting of two valves on either side of a median hinge. Each valve bears a row of six to seven elongated pollen sacs on the inner face. Harrisiothecium sanduense is similar to Harrisiothecium marsilioides from the Upper Triassic of Greenland and Hydropterangium roesleri, which we transfer to Harrisiothecium roesleri comb. nov., from the Upper Triassic of Germany, and like both species is also associated with pinnate leaves of the seed fern Ptilozamites. Harrisiothecium sanduense differs from Harrisiothecium marsilioides and Harrisiothecium roesleri in its more flattened structure with lateral branches that bear no more than one or two capsules. Harrisiothecium shares similarities to Pramelreuthia dubia, Pteroma, Pteruchus, Antevsia and Townrovia, as well as the structures that bear the pollen sacs in Bennettitales.

Longitudinal polarization manipulation based on all-dielectric terahertz metasurfaces

Polarization modulation of electromagnetic waves plays an important role in the field of optics and optoelectronics. Current polarization optics are typically limited to the modulation in a single transverse plane. However, manipulating polarization along the longitudinal direction is also important for full-space polarization modulation. Here, we propose two kinds of all-dielectric terahertz metasurfaces for longitudinally spatial polarization manipulation. The metasurfaces are capable of controlling polarization along the propagation path, namely: i) a longitudinal bifocal metalens with different polarization states at each focal point, and ii) a versatile metalens can simultaneously generate a uniformly polarized focused beam and a vector beam with varying polarization along the propagation path. Furthermore, the measurement of the dielectric thickness is demonstrated based on the polarization modulation feature of the metalens. The proposed metasurfaces allow for effective polarization state alteration along the propagation path, exhibiting significant potential for applications in versatile light–matter interactions, optical communications, and quantum optics.

Modal Analysis of Combustion Chamber Acoustic Resonance to Reduce High-Frequency Combustion Noise in Pre-Chamber Jet Ignition Combustion Engines

&lt;div&gt;The notable increase in combustion noise in the 7–10 kHz band has become an issue in the development of pre-chamber jet ignition combustion gasoline engines that aim for enhanced thermal efficiency. Combustion noise in such a high-frequency band is often an issue in diesel engine development and is known to be due to resonance in the combustion chamber. However, there are few cases of it becoming a serious issue in gasoline engines, and effective countermeasures have not been established. The authors therefore decided to elucidate the mechanism of high-frequency combustion noise generation specific to this engine, and to investigate effective countermeasures. As the first step, in order to analyze the combustion chamber resonance modes of this engine in detail, calculation analysis using a finite element model and experimental modal analysis using an acoustic excitation speaker were conducted. As a result, it was found that there are two combustion chamber resonance modes in the 7–10 kHz band, both of which affect the high-frequency oscillation of the in-cylinder pressure. Both resonant modes have mode shapes that form a single nodal plane in the diametrical direction including the central axis of the cylinder, but the orientations of those nodal planes differ by 90 degrees. In addition, the two resonance frequencies are influenced by not only the bore diameter, temperature, and heat capacity ratio, but also the spatial shape of the combustion chamber. Therefore, when the piston descends and the spatial shape of the combustion chamber changes, the resonance frequencies change as well.&lt;/div&gt;

The Gamma-Ray Origin of RX J0852.0-4622 Quantifying the Hadronic and Leptonic Components: Further Evidence for the Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in Young Shell-type SNRs

Fukui et al. quantified the hadronic and leptonic gamma-rays in the young TeV gamma-ray shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 (RX J1713), and demonstrated that gamma rays are a combination of hadronic and leptonic gamma-ray components with a ratio of ∼6: 4 in gamma-ray counts N g. This discovery, which adopted a new methodology of multi-linear gamma-ray decomposition, was the first quantification of the two gamma-ray components. In the present work, we applied the same methodology to another TeV gamma-ray shell-type SNR RX J0852.0-4622 (RXJ0852) in 3D space characterized by (the interstellar proton column density N p)-(the nonthermal X-ray count N x)-[N g], and quantified the hadronic and leptonic gamma-ray components as having a ratio of ∼5:5 in N g. The present work adopted the fitting of two/three flat planes in 3D space instead of a single flat plane, which allowed suppression of the fitting errors. This quantification indicates that hadronic and leptonic gamma-rays are of the same order of magnitude in these two core-collapse SNRs, verifying the significant hadronic gamma-ray components. We argue that the target interstellar protons, in particular their spatial distribution, are essential in any attempts to identify the type of particles responsible for gamma-ray emission. The present results confirm that cosmic-ray (CR) energy ≲100 TeV is compatible with a scheme in which SNRs are the dominant source of these Galactic CRs.