Simultaneous Use Of Drugs Research Articles

Concurrent and simultaneous drug and alcohol use: Results of the 2000 National Alcohol Survey

This study estimates the prevalence, assesses predictors and evaluates factors associated with concurrent and simultaneous use of drugs and alcohol in the United States population. Using data from the 2000 National Alcohol Survey ( n = 7612), respondents were asked if they used specific drugs in the last 12 months. Current drinkers who reported using each type of drug were asked if they used alcohol and the drug at the same time. Approximately 10% reported using marijuana in the last 12 months (concurrent use); 7% reported drinking alcohol and using marijuana at the same time (simultaneous use). Approximately 5% of current drinkers reported using drugs other than marijuana in the last 12 months; 1.7% reported drinking alcohol and using drugs other than marijuana at the same time. Being younger, having less than a high school education, not having a regular partner and having heavier drinking patterns were associated with using alcohol and marijuana simultaneously. Simultaneous use of marijuana and alcohol as well as other drugs and alcohol were significantly related to social consequences, alcohol dependence, and depression. These results mirror clinical populations in which increasingly younger clients report use of alcohol and drugs and need treatment for both.

Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis expectancies predict simultaneous use

BackgroundSimultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis predicts increased negative consequences for users beyond individual or even concurrent use of the two drugs. Given the widespread use of the drugs and common simultaneous consumption, problems unique to simultaneous use may bear important implications for many substance users. Cognitive expectancies offer a template for future drug use behavior based on previous drug experiences, accurately predicting future use and problems. Studies reveal similar mechanisms underlying both alcohol and cannabis expectancies, but little research examines simultaneous expectancies for alcohol and cannabis use. Whereas research has demonstrated unique outcomes associated with simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use, this study hypothesized that unique cognitive expectancies may underlie simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use. Results: This study examined a sample of 2600 (66% male; 34% female) Internet survey respondents solicited through advertisements with online cannabis-related organizations. The study employed known measures of drug use and expectancies, as well as a new measure of simultaneous drug use expectancies. Expectancies for simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis predicted simultaneous use over and above expectancies for each drug individually.DiscussionSimultaneous expectancies may provide meaningful information not available with individual drug expectancies. These findings bear potential implications on the assessment and treatment of substance abuse problems, as well as researcher conceptualizations of drug expectancies. Policies directing the treatment of substance abuse and its funding ought to give unique consideration to simultaneous drug use and its cognitive underlying factors.

漢方製剤を含む医薬品の併用並びに相互作用に関する基礎研究 （第１報） 漢方エキス製剤と西洋薬の併用に関する調査

The Frequency of the simultaneous use of Kampo drugs and other drugs was investigated on out-patients' prescriptions at Tohoku university hospital from March 1 to 31, 1989.Kampo drugs were administrated for many disease. But there were a few docters who had given Kampo drugs following Kampo diagnosis.Kampo drugs were used for the following diseases; “ Shosaiko-to” -chronic hepatitis; “Gosya-jinki-gan” -diabetes, “Sairei-to” -nephrosis.On an avarage 3.8 drugs were simultanously prescribed with a Kampo drugs per one prescription. The principal examples of the simultaneous use of drugs are as follows; “Shosaiko-to” -glycyrrhizin; “Gosya-jinki-gan” -vitamin B12;Kampo drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases-β-stimulant;Kampo drugs containing Glycyrrhizae Radix-diuretic drugs and so on.The simultanous use of Kanpo drugs themselves (Gappo) comprised 8.0% of Kampo prescriptions. Some of the constitutional crude drugs such as Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ephedrae Herba and Aconiti Tuber were overlapped.It was suggested that it is important to inspect Kampo prescriptions in the pharmacy.

The Clinical Significance of Retarded Hepatic Drug Metabolism

The Clinical Significance of Retarded Hepatic Drug Metabolism

Alcohol-abusing teenage boys. Testing a hypothesis on the relationship between alcohol abuse and social background factors, criminality and personality in teenage boys.

A study material of teenage boys from the general population was used to test the hypothesis on early alcohol abuse suggested by the results of previous prospective studies on selected materials. The results of interviews of 1,004 18-year-old boys from the general population in the Stockholm area support the hypothesis that there is a group (about 4% during autumn 1980) of boys with a high consumption of alcohol, simultaneous use of drugs and criminal behaviour. As a group these boys had been brought up in emotionally disturbed homes, with alcoholic parents, and they also showed personality features indicating psychopathy. The study provides evidence that results of investigations on selected materials are also relevant to the general population.

Experimental models for the evaluation of microwave biological effects

The theoretical and empirical approaches to biological effects of microwaves are discussed. The bioeffects should be considered as a chain of events: primary interaction analyzed in terms of biophysics and early direct, early indirect, late (delayed) effects analyzed in terms of physiology. Thermal balance experiments are discussed pointing out the necessity to take unequal deep body heating by microwaves into account. The use of physiologic rhythms in microwave bioeffects experimentation is presented. Possible use of pharmacodynamic approaches (simultaneous use of drugs and microwave exposure) is outlined. Possible ways of developing biological response microwave dosimetry are indicated. Unexplained effects are pointed out and the necessity of further experiments to clarify these stressed. Some possible experimental models are presented.