Simultaneous Switching Noise Mitigation Research Articles

Simultaneous switching noise mitigation in high speed pcb using novel planar EBG structure

ABSTRACT Electronic circuits must address electromagnetic interference due to high-speed transmissions and simultaneous switching actions. This paper proposes a design of novel planar EBG structure L Bridge with embedded slit type with 3 × 3 array fashion, which can be used in a plane layer of a printed circuit board to reduce simultaneous switching noise (SSN). Two sets of pattern such as alternate structure and entire embedded pattern are considered and measured the cut-off frequencies. The performance of the structure is simulated, experimentally verified using R&S®ZVH Vector Network Analyser for the frequency range 0.1 to 10 GHz and compared the outcomes. It is observed that for the −50 dB of noise depth, proposed structure is achieved 1.6 GHz to 10 GHz as lower and upper cut-off frequency. In addition, this concluded the noise suppression using equivalent circuit model and parallel plate wave guide theory. Signal integrity on this structure is also analysed with single-ended and differential mode signal transition. Eye pattern is generated and compared for measuring and validating the signal quality while using this EBG structure.

A Novel Automatically Designed EBG Structure by Improved GA for Ultrawideband SSN Mitigation of System in Package

In this article, a novel automatically designed electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is presented to prohibit the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) propagation of a system in package. The tool employed for the automatic EBG design is the improved genetic algorithm (GA), which has the advantages of rapid convergence and high precision by combining several improvements reasonably. Meanwhile, the equivalent circuit model and the dispersion diagram of the proposed structure are established to interpret the electromagnetic characteristics of the designed power distribution network (PDN). By removing some patches in a specific area determined by the GA, the surface impedance of PDN can be increased to reduce the SSN coupling. The SSN transmission can be suppressed from 0.37 to 20 GHz at a mitigation level of -50 dB. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones.

Nonperiodic Flipped EBG for Dual-Band SSN Mitigation in Two-Layer PCB

Several electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures have been designed to mitigate simultaneous switching noise (SSN) problems in dual bands in wireless local area networks (WLANs). In order to be applicable to two-layer printed circuit boards (PCBs), a novel flipped structure is introduced, which also creates slots for a wide stopband. This article proposes a $2 \times 2$ nonperiodic flipped-EBG (FEBG) for dual-band SSN mitigation in the WLAN, exhibiting noise suppression of 21 and 26 dB in 2.4–2.6 and 5–6 GHz bands, respectively. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, a method of positioning optimization is introduced as well to demonstrate the application of the FEBG on a two-layer PCB.

A Compact EBG Structure With Etching Spiral Slots for Ultrawideband Simultaneous Switching Noise Mitigation in Mixed Signal Systems

In this paper, a compact electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure for mitigating simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in high-speed mixed signal systems is proposed. Only one spiral slot is etched on the square patch, which constitutes the unit cell of the presented EBG pattern. The equivalent circuit model is developed to interpret the mechanism of the proposed power distribution network structure. By etching slot in the square patch of the EBG pattern, a high impedance is provided for prohibiting the SSN propagation. Furthermore, the capacitance is increased correspondingly, which can enlarge the bandwidth of the SSN suppression performance. An ultrawideband SSN suppression property is achieved from 0.35 to 20 GHz under the suppression level of −40 dB. In comparison with the traditional multiturns spiral EBG structure, not only the bandwidth but also the rejection level can be improved significantly with the presented design. Moreover, the SI performance is investigated, and the corresponding improvement measure is presented. Good agreements are observed between the simulation and measured results.

Tricyclic nested electromagnetic bandgap structure characterized with broad stopband bandwidth and deep noise suppression

A novel tricyclic nested electromagnetic bandgap (TN-EBG) structure has been proposed to restrain the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in high-speed digital systems. The presented TN-EBG structure was fabricated and measured based on the simulated performance of the configuration. It is found that the measured S-parameters are in good agreement with the simulated ones. Also, it is observed that an ultra-wide bandgap has been achieved, which almost ranges from 1 to 27 GHz with the noise suppression at −50 dB. Especially for the stopband width spanning from 1.1 to 21.6 GHz, the suppression depth level reaches up to−60 dB. The derived electric field distribution images have clearly exhibited the operation mechanism of the TN-EBG structure for SSN mitigation within the different frequency regions.

Multilayer EBG structure for ultra-wide band SSN mitigation using embedded spiral-shaped planes

A novel multilayer electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with two spiral-shaped planes embedded between the power plane and the traditional high-impedance surface (HIS) is presented. The equivalent capacitance between the power plane and the HIS and the self-inductance of the patch can be increased significantly, while the self-inductance of the power plane is decreased. The proposed EBG structure performs excellent ultra-wide band simultaneous switching noise mitigation and keeps signal integrity in high-speed digital circuits. The suppression bandgap of the design is from 0.6 to 15 GHz at −30 dB. Good performance is validated by both simulation and measurement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.

Noise Coupling Mitigation in PWR/GND Plane Pair by Means of Photonic Crystal Fence: Sensitivity Analysis and Design Parameters Extraction

A photonic crystal fence is proposed for simultaneous switching noise mitigation in power/ground plane pairs with minimum use of the high dielectric constant for the rods. In particular a 45 degree rotated square lattice consisting in three rows of periodic rows is used for the fence. Broadband and high efficient noise suppression can be still achieved while minimizing the cost of the structure. A sensitivity analysis investigating the impact of 1) the normalized rods radius, 2) the number of rods rows, and 3) the value of the dielectric rods is performed and design parameters for the calculation of the stop bands are extracted. The normalized radius is not sufficient to correctly predict the stop band of the fence; instead multiple design parameters are necessary. It is found that an extra row of high dielectric constant material introduces an attenuation for the noise coefficient of around 8–10 dB per row and multiple stop bands are predicted while increasing the relative dielectric constant of the rods from 50 to 300. A one-dimensional circuit model is finally developed for a quick and efficient prediction of the stop band performances of these structures.

Simultaneous switching noise mitigation in high-speed circuits using complementary split-ring resonators

A novel concept for mitigating switching noise propagation in high-speed printed circuit boards is proposed. By etching complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) on only one metallic layer of the printed circuit board, the electric field between the power planes can be suppressed. This behaviour is in contrast to the split-ring resonator that suppresses the magnetic field. Furthermore, by cascading CSRRs, concentrically, a wide suppression of switching noise covering a wide frequency band from sub-gigahertz to 12 GHz is achieved. The effect of the new power-plane topology on the signal integrity is also investigated and analysed. It is shown that the CSRR would result not only in significant suppression of switching noise but also in robust signal behaviour.

Simultaneous switching noise mitigation in PCB using cascaded high-impedance surfaces

A novel concept for ultra-wide-bandwidth suppression of simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in high-speed printed circuit boards (PCBs) is proposed and implemented. This method consists of cascading high-impedance surfaces (HIS) with different stop bands, creating rejection over a wide frequency region. A PCB with the cascaded HIS design has been successfully fabricated and tested.

A novel power plane with integrated simultaneous switching noise mitigation capability using high impedance surface

A novel technique for suppressing power plane resonance at microwave and radio frequencies is presented. The new concept consists of replacing one of the plates of a parallel power plane pair with a high impedance surface or electromagnetic band gap structure. The combination of this technique with a wall of RC pairs extends the lower edge of the effective bandwidth to dc, and allows resonant mode suppression up to the upper edge of the band-gap. The frequency range for noise mitigation is controlled by the geometry of the HIGP structure.