Simultaneous Reaction Research Articles

Study of Zn electrodeposition on FTO and its nucleation and growth mechanisms from a nitrate-based electrolytic bath

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to study the electrodeposition and Zn nucleation mechanisms onto Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate from a nitrate-based electrolytic bath. The cyclic voltammetry analysis displays a reduction process (Ic) that involves three simultaneous reduction reactions: reduction of zinc neutral species ZnCl2 to Zn0, reduction of NO3− ions, and the evolution of H2 from the reduction of the medium. In addition, due to the oxidizing nature of nitrates, the surface of the recently deposited Zn0 was partially oxidized to Zn2+, which combines with OH− ions to form the Zn(OH)2 species on the surface of the deposited Zn0. Analysis of chronoamperograms showed that Zn0 nucleation onto FTO occurs via diffusion controlled 3D nucleation in the presence of NO3− ions, with the simultaneous reduction of nitrate ions on the Zn0 growth surface and the reduction of the medium occurs on the uncoated surface by the diffusion zones of Zn0 growth. SEM and XPS analysis of the deposits obtained from the chronoamperometric study evidenced the formation of the Zn(OH)2 surface species. Consequently, structures of the form Zn(OH)2/Zn0/FTO were obtained during the electrodeposition of Zn0 in the presence of nitrates.

Spatial Control over Reactions via Localized Transcription within Membraneless DNA Nanostar Droplets.

Biomolecular condensates control where and how fast many chemical reactions occur in cells by partitioning reactants and catalysts, enabling simultaneous reactions in different spatial locations of a cell. Even without a membrane or physical barrier, the partitioning of the reactants can affect the rates of downstream reaction cascades in ways that depend on reaction location. Such effects can enable systems of biomolecular condensates to spatiotemporally orchestrate chemical reaction networks in cells to facilitate complex behaviors such as ribosome assembly. Here, we develop a system for developing such control in synthetic systems. We localize different transcription templates within different phase-separated, membraneless DNA nanostar (NS) droplets─programmable, in vitro liquid-liquid phase separation systems for partitioning of substrates and localization of reactions to membraneless droplets. When RNA produced within such droplets is also degraded in the bulk, droplet-localized transcription creates RNA concentration gradients. Consistent with the formation of these gradients, toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions involving transcripts are 2-fold slower far from the site of transcription than when nearby. We then demonstrate how multiple such gradients can form and be maintained independently by simultaneous transcription reactions occurring in tandem, each localized to different NS droplet types. Our results provide a means for constructing reaction systems in which different reactions are spatially localized and controlled without the need for physical membranes. This system also provides a means for generally studying how localized reactions and the exchange of reaction products might occur between protocells.

Perspective: Transcriptomics of Cryopreserved Cells

Cryopreservation is a well-known strategy to conserve genetic resources at ultra-low temperature. However, there is still limited knowledge on the cellular processes and molecular adjustments that allow cells to withstand the multiple stresses to which they are exposed during cryopreservation. To evaluate these processes, transcriptomics, the sub-discipline of omics that simultaneously examines mRNA transcripts formed by transcription from the genome, has been recently used. This article reviews recent scientific studies which use the basic principles of cryopreservation practices together with transcriptomics approaches, within the conceptual framework of cryobiomics. Moreover, the connections between factors that may be useful to optimize and validate approaches for mammalian or plant cell cryopreservation are also assessed. Transcriptomic applications are mainly performed with methods such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), simultaneous polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), northern blot, microarray/biochip and gene expression analysis (SAGE). Transcriptomic technologies allow a global view of gene expression profiles of different mammalian or plant cell types to be obtained before and after cryopreservation under multiple stress conditions. For these processes, small amounts of RNA enable efficient transcriptomics analysis. Transcriptomic analysis of cryopreserved mammalian and plant cells provides a conceptual way to identify the genes and their relative alterations in transcriptional abundances together with non-coding RNAs involved in important pathways related to cell viability and proliferation during and after cryopreservation. Moreover, it greatly contributes to understanding of non-fatal cryodamage and related developmental disorders in cryopreserved mammalian oocytes and sperm. In addition, single cell transcriptomics has the potential to non-invasely monitor immune actions and to diagnose the stage of the inflammatory process in kidney. Finally, qRT-PCR and RNA-seq studies have also revealed that some transcription factors are effective at inducing cold tolerance in many plants by elevating the levels of soluble sugars, proline and unsaturated fatty acids in cells. Hence transcriptomics studies may also aid investigations of the main mechanisms behind the so-called 'cryo-recalcitrance' that is observed mostly in plant cells.

Spatially separated redox active sites over Re-Ni@Ni(OH)2 core-shell structure for enhancing furfural oxidation coupled with hydrogen evolution

The design of bifunctional catalysts with spatially separated active sites holds significance importance in achieving simultaneous electrooxidation and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a core-shell Re-Ni@Ni(OH)2/CC heterostructure is demonstrated for the electrocatalytic furfural oxidation reaction (FOR) coupled with HER. Experimental results and theoretical analyses reveal that Re not only modulates the heterointerface between Re-Ni core and Ni(OH)2 shell, facilitating furfural (FF) adsorption at Ni(OH)2 sites, but also tunes electronic structure of Ni. This leads to a negative shift in the d-band center from Fermi level, effectively weakening hydrogen adsorption at Ni sites in Re-Ni@Ni(OH)2 heterostructure, thereby improving the HER process. As a result, the synthesized Re-Ni@Ni(OH)2/CC exhibits a low cell voltage of 1.40 V @10 mA cm−2 for the FOR||HER. This study highlights the importance of modulating metal’s electronic structure and identifying active sites, which has great potential for improving bifunctional electrocatalytic reactions.

Hybrid Pd0.1Cu0.9Co2O4 nano-flakes: a novel, efficient and reusable catalyst for the one-pot heck and Suzuki couplings with simultaneous transesterification reactions under microwave irradiation.

We report the fabrication of a novel spinel-type Pd₀.₁Cu₀.₉Co₂O₄ nano-flake material designed for Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki coupling-cum-transesterification reactions. The Pd₀.₁Cu₀.₉Co₂O₄ material was synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method, and its crystalline phase and morphology were characterized through powder XRD, UV-Vis, FESEM, and EDX studies. This material demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, performed in the presence of a mild base (K₂CO₃), ethanol as the solvent, and microwave irradiation under ligand-free conditions. Notably, the Heck coupling of acrylic esters proceeded concurrently with transesterification using various alcohols as solvents. The catalyst exhibited remarkable stability under reaction conditions and could be recycled and reused up to ten times while maintaining its catalytic integrity.

A new mechanism for the kinetics of simultaneous depolymerization reaction inside and outside poly (ethylene terephthalate) particles

The depolymerization and recycling of PET is important for waste reduction, resource efficiency and production cost reduction. However, among the industrialized methods for recycling waste PET, the main challenge applicable to the PET glycolysis strategy is the low efficiency and low purity in recovering polyester, which is mainly due to the imperfections in the reaction kinetics model. In this study, we developed a kinetic model for PET glycolysis at different reaction temperatures by investigating the glycolysis process of PET chips at different reaction temperatures to discover new PET glycol depolymerization mechanisms. It was found that the zinc acetate-catalyzed PET glycolysis followed a first-order reversible kinetic model at higher temperature (206–210 °C). However, at lower temperatures (180 °C–205 °C), the experimental curve of the kinetic model is similar to the theoretical curve of the nucleation-controlled model, and in this temperature range, EG depolymerized PET in a manner that internal and external depolymerization proceeded simultaneously. This finding is expected to guide the establishment of a more efficient PET depolymerization process, which is an important guide for recycling waste PET.

Anodic Synthesis of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Role of Electrolyte Composition on the Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Photo-electrochemical Properties

The fluoride species present in two different anodizing electrolytes were used to produce TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTAs) by simultaneous anodic reaction and chemical dissolution. In this investigation, two different electrolytes were used for the preparation; [Eth-TiO2 NAs: 95 ml ethylene glycol+0.5% NH4F+5 ml DI water] and [Gly-TiO2 NAs: 75 ml glycerine+0.5% NH4F+25 ml DI water]. The effects of the prepared electrolytes used in the synthesis of TiO2 nanotube arrays on structural element composition, morphology, and optical properties are the focus of this study and are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy field emission (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV-vis diffusion reflection spectroscopy (DRS), respectively. The photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 NTAs prepared in different electrolytes were investigated. The photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 NTAs in Na2SO3 (0.1 M) and Na2S (0.1) was examined under the light of 100 mW/cm2 from a xenon lamp. Comparing the photoelectrochemical (PEC) results of both electrolytes, we find that Eth-TiO2 NTAs contribute a wide surface area resulting in an enhanced PEC response. TiO2 NTs, which were prepared with Eth-TiO2 NTAs, exhibited the highest photocurrent density, 0.326 mA cm–2, and photoconversion efficiency (0.22%).

An Enhanced YSZ Gas Sensor through Optimizing Electrode Thickness for ppb-level H2S Detection

Nowadays, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of sensing electrode thickness on the gas sensing performance of mixed potential gas sensors due to simultaneous competitive heterogeneous catalytic reaction and electrochemical reaction. In this study, yttrium oxide doped zirconia gas sensors with varying thickness of NiFe2O4 sensing electrode have been fabricated for H2S gas detection. The operating temperature of yttrium oxide doped zirconia gas sensors have been firstly optimized, followed by a systematic study of the effects of NiFe2O4 sensing electrode thickness on H2S sensing performance. The best sensing performance have been achieved for the yttrium oxide doped zirconia gas sensor with a 10 μm-thick sensing electrode (S-10 sensor). Sensitivities of −8.7 and −44.6 mV/decade have been attained for 10–100 ppb and 100–10000 ppb, respectively, with a lower limit of detection as low as 10 ppb at 510 °C for the S-10 sensor. Furthermore, the potential application of the S-10 sensor in halitosis detection was further evaluated using simulated exhaled breath from patient with halitosis and healthy volunteers. The significant change in human exhaled gas response values detect by the S-10 sensor at different times provide additional support for the prospect of diagnosing halitosis.

Investigation of Signaling in Primary Populations of Human Senescent T Cells.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases, a family of three stress-related kinases, the Erks and Jnks and p38s, are activated by three-layer transphosphorylation cascades and are important for the activation, differentiation, and effector functions of lymphocytes. Recent studies on the aged immune systems from both humans and mice have uncovered a different mode of MAPK signaling that is independent of canonical activation cascades and instead occurs through simultaneous self-phosphorylation reactions within the sestrin-MAPK activation complex (sMAC), an immune-inhibitory complex not previously observed. In this chapter, we discuss methodologies to study these pathways at the population and single cell level, which allows rejuvenating immune cell differentiation and fate.

Artificial intelligence-enabled multipurpose smart detection in active-matrix electrowetting-on-dielectric digital microfluidics

An active-matrix electrowetting-on-dielectric (AM-EWOD) system integrates hundreds of thousands of active electrodes for sample droplet manipulation, which can enable simultaneous, automatic, and parallel on-chip biochemical reactions. A smart detection system is essential for ensuring a fully automatic workflow and online programming for the subsequent experimental steps. In this work, we demonstrated an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled multipurpose smart detection method in an AM-EWOD system for different tasks. We employed the U-Net model to quantitatively evaluate the uniformity of the applied droplet-splitting methods. We used the YOLOv8 model to monitor the droplet-splitting process online. A 97.76% splitting success rate was observed with 18 different AM-EWOD chips. A 99.982% model precision rate and a 99.980% model recall rate were manually verified. We employed an improved YOLOv8 model to detect single-cell samples in nanolitre droplets. Compared with manual verification, the model achieved 99.260% and 99.193% precision and recall rates, respectively. In addition, single-cell droplet sorting and routing experiments were demonstrated. With an AI-based smart detection system, AM-EWOD has shown great potential for use as a ubiquitous platform for implementing true lab-on-a-chip applications.

Zinc Affinity and Hydrogen Evolution Trade‐Off for Homogenous Zn Deposition in Reversible Zn Ion Batteries

AbstractZn ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for large‐scale energy storage but their practical application is plagued by inhomogeneous Zn deposition. Despite much effort, the harm of simultaneous hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during plating to Zn deposition, has not received sufficient studies. Herein, Sn‐modified Cu nanowires (Sn@CuNWs) with Sn‐Cu core–shell nanostructure to achieve uniform Zn deposition by zinc affinity‐HER tendency trade‐off are fabricated. Confirmed by both theoretical calculation and practical characterization, the nanowires with high zinc affinity and large deposition sites facilitate Zn deposition, while the enlarged HER tendency harmful to Zn plating is inhibited by Sn nanoshell. Therefore, the Zn deposited Sn@CuNWs anode delivers a long lifespan of 800 h at 5 mA cm−2, and the full cell exhibits a high capacity of 294.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and a high capacity retention of 97.8% after 2500 cycles. This work reveals the importance of HER regulation for reversible Zn deposition, which should be noticed in further research.

Artificially regulated interphase on natural graphite realizes rapid charge and durable high-temperature cycling of Li-ion batteries

Natural graphite (NG) is a strong competitor in the anode market of Li-ion batteries because of its low cost, rich resource, low energy consumption and low carbon dioxide emission during production. The main problems inhibiting its universal application are its high surface area and the attendant unstable solid/electrolyte interphase (SEI), leading to unsatisfactory cycling and rate performance. In this work, a Li+-conductive, thermally and mechanically stable organic polymer layer is successfully constructed on NG surface by virtue of the simultaneous polymerization and crosslinking reactions of chitosan (CS) and acrylic acid (AA). With controllable thickness, the polymer layer denoted as CSAA significantly decreases the specific surface area of NG, works as an inner SEI substrate greatly mitigating the decomposition of electrolyte, and induces the formation of a LiF-rich SEI outer layer. The SEI resistance and activation energy for charge-transfer reactions are considerably reduced. Benefiting from the superior properties of CSAA-derived SEI, the NG@CSAA anodes exhibit a high initial coulombic efficiency of 94.1 %, fast charge/discharge capability and prolonged cycle life at both 25 °C and 45 °C in the LiFePO4 cathodes-based full cells.

Enhancement of peroxymonosulfate activation with nickel foam-supported CuCo2O4 for tetracycline degradation: Performance and mechanism insights

The modulation of bimetallic oxide structures and development of efficient, easily recoverable catalysts are expected to effectively overcome the limitations associated with powdered catalysts in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). In this study, CuCo2O4 was successfully immobilized on the surface of nickel foam (NF) via an electrodeposition-calcination procedure, with highly efficient activation of PMS for tetracycline (TC) degradation (0.55 min−1). Besides acting as a support carrier and providing ample active sites, NF mediated electron transport, prevented the leaching of metal ions and enhanced the efficiency of recycling. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental tests illustrated that Cu/Co dual-sites can efficiently adsorb PMS, enabling simultaneous reduction and oxidation reactions. The dual-site synergy substantially decreased the adsorption barrier and increased the electron transfer rate. Especially, the Cu+/Cu2+ redox couple acted as an electron donor and facilitated rapid charge transfer, leading to the conversion of Co3+ to Co2+. Moreover, the CuCo2O4@NF + PMS system effectively eliminated TC by employing radical pathways (SO4•−, •OH) and nonradical processes (1O2, e−). Therefore, this study introduces a new approach to overcome the limitations of powdered bimetallic oxides, providing a promising solution for practical applications.

A novel Eu8 cluster for efficiently catalyzing CO2 cycloaddition and Knoevenagel condensation

A novel Eu8 cluster, namely, [Eu8(acac)4(HL)4(L)2(μ3O)4 (C2H5O)4]·2C2H5OH·2CH2Cl2 (H2L = 2‑hydroxy-benzoic acid (5-hydroxymethyl-furan-2-ylmethylene)-hydrazide, Hacac = acetylacetone) (1) was assembled using a multidentate ligand H2L. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that cluster 1 includes eight Eu(III) ions, four HL− ligands, two L2− ligands, four acac−, four μ3O and four coordinated C2H5O−. The Eu8 cluster 1 displays well thermostability. Of particular significance, cluster 1 demonstrated high efficacy in catalyzing the cycloaddition reactions between CO2 and epoxides, as well as Knoevenagel condensation reactions involving aldehydes and malononitrile. This study presents the novel finding that the Eu8 cluster, acting as a remarkable heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst, can effectively facilitate the simultaneous reactions of epoxides with CO2 and Knoevenagel condensation reactions.

Simultaneous Cycloadditions in the Solid State via Supramolecular Assembly.

Chemical reactions conducted in the solid phase (specifically, crystalline) are much less numerous than solution reactions, primarily due to reduced motion, flexibility, and reactivity. The main advantage of crystalline-state transformations is that reactant molecules can be designed to self-assemble into specific spatial arrangements, often leading to high control over product regiochemistry and/or stereochemistry. In crystalline-phase transformations, typically only one type of reaction occurs, and a sacrificial template molecule is frequently used to facilitate self-assembly, similar to a catalyst or enzyme. Here, we demonstrate the first system designed to undergo two chemically unique and orthogonal cycloaddition reactions simultaneously within a single crystalline solid. Well-controlled supramolecular self-assembly of two molecules containing different reactive moieties affords orthogonal reactivity without use of a sacrificial template. Using only UV light, the simultaneous [2+2] and [4+4] cycloadditions are achieved regiospecifically, stereospecifically, and products are obtained in high yield, whereas a simultaneous solution-state reaction affords a mixture of isomers in low yield. Application of dually-reactive systems toward (supra)molecular solar thermal storage materials is also discussed. This work demonstrates fundamental chemical approaches for orthogonal reactivity in the crystalline state and highlights the complexity and reversibility that can be achieved with supramolecular design.

Effect of Fe-Co catalysis on the temperature field distribution during the growth of 3C-SiC fibers synthesised by microwave heating

Microwave heating produce local hot spots on materials, which result in uneven heating and other issues. Regulate the microwave temperature field using different catalyst combinations such as Fe (NO3)3·9H2O and Co (NO3)2·6H2O. The electromagnetic and temperature field distributions of 3C–SiC fibers and the molecular dynamics of the SiC interfacial growth process and interfacial oxidation reaction during microwave heating in the presence of a catalyst were simulated and calculated respectively. The results show that the combination of Fe and Co at 9 wt% catalyst concentration can effectively improve the electromagnetic loss capability of SiC fibers. The Fe and Co bimetallic catalysed synthesis of 3C–SiC fibers follows a vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. The Fe–Si and Fe–Co–Si alloy phases can induce 3C–SiC growth along (111) crystal faces. The simultaneous exothermic reactions provide a highly catalytically active growth environment that facilitates the enhancement of microwave temperature field uniformity. This phenomenon facilitated the synthesis of 3C–SiC fibers.

Cation-induced interface electric field redistribution and molecular orbital coupling in Co-FeS/MoS2 for boosting electrocatalytic overall water splitting

A green hydrogen economy requires efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for simultaneous hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, a mild sulfuration strategy was used to create a Co-FeS/MoS2 catalyst from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on foam nickel. This catalyst exhibits exceptional activity in 1 M KOH, only requiring ultralow overpotentials of 63 mV and 230 mV to achieve current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 for the HER and OER processes. Additionally, it achieves a low cell voltage of 1.45 V at 10 mA cm−2, surpassing reported catalysts. DFT calculations and XPS tests show that Co introduction induces high-valence Fe active sites and facilitates interface electric field redistribution. Crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) calculations reveal d-p orbital hybridization, enhancing conductivity and charge transfer kinetics. This research sheds light on the catalytic impacts of metal cations on transition metal sulfides to design high efficient electrocatalysts.

Evaluation of Screening Results for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: Three-Year Surveillance.

Enterococci are facultative anaerobic, binary, or chained Gram-positive cocci. The gastrointestinal colonization of hospitalized patients is the most important reservoir of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. We aimed to evaluate retrospectively the screening results of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, studied by the simultaneous (real-time) polymerase chain reaction method on rectal swabs of adult and pediatric patients hospitalized in our hospital in 2019-2021. Adult and pediatric patients were included in our study between Jan 2019 and Dec 2021. The results of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, studied with the real-time polymerase chain reaction method from rectal swabs sent from intensive care units and services, were analyzed retrospectively. Isolation of the samples was performed using the Fluorion VRE QLP 1.0 real-time polymerase chain reaction kit (Iontek, Turkey), and detection was performed with the Fluorion Detection System (Iontek, Turkey) real-time polymerase chain reaction device. Overall, 31,725 patients were included in our study. When evaluated in order of years, in 2019, 379 (7%) of 5,389 adults, 322 (7.4%) of 4,003 children, 234 (5.5%) of 4,185 adults in 2020, 157 (2.4%) of 6,499 children, and in 2021, vancomycin-resistant enterococci were detected in 469 (7.5%) of 6,232 adults and 224 (4.1%) of 5,417 children. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci is greater in adults, particularly in intensive care units, compared to children. Infection control precautions and training be augmented in high-risk clinics, while the unnecessary utilization of glycopeptides should be limited.

Synthesis of the acidic/magnetic catalyst x-MoO3/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 by combustion reaction and evaluation of its catalytic potential/reuse in biodiesel production

The objective of this work was to synthesize a new catalyst x-MoO3/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 using the combustion reaction method and to evaluate its catalytic potential and reuse in biodiesel production from waste oil, optimizing the process through experimental design. The catalysts were characterized in terms of structure by X-ray diffraction and phase quantification by Rietveld refinement, surface area by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique, experimental density by helium pycnometry, acidity tests by ammonia desorption at programmed temperature, chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence, morphology by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and catalytic properties. The products of the simultaneous transesterification and esterification reactions were characterized by gas chromatography and acidity index. The results indicate the formation of catalysts with surface area ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 m2/g and density ranging from 4.5 to 5.1 g/cm3, composed of major crystalline phases of MoO3 in the orthorhombic configuration and cubic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite, with total acidity ranging from 70 to 182 μmol/g of NH3. Morphological characterization revealed that the catalyst comprises irregular plates of various sizes and shapes with a wide range of cluster sizes. In the simultaneous transesterification and esterification reactions of residual oil, the catalysts were active under all conditions tested, with emphasis on the catalyst containing 50 % Mo ions and 50 % Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 presenting the best catalytic performance with a conversion of 95 % in ethyl esters and a reduction of 71 % in acidity, with a service life of 6 cycles, an average conversion of 90 % and good thermal and structural stability after use. The experimental design was significant and predictive, with a confidence level of 95 %. Statistical analysis identified that all input variables (temperature, time, and amount of catalyst) were significant for the adopted design. The new catalyst composed of molybdenum, iron, nickel, and zinc has a positive impact on biodiesel synthesis from frying oil and ethanol.

Synthesis, anti-microbial, and docking studies of functionalized chromenyl phosphonates using ionic liquid catalyst.

Synthesis of functionalized chromenyl phosphonates by the reaction among 2-hydorxybenzaldehydes, dicyanoethane, and dialkyl phosphonates that was promoted by choline hydroxide ionic liquid catalyzes the simultaneous, Knoevenagel, Pinner, and phospha-Michael reactions, under neat condition at room temperature. Important phosphorus-containing compounds can be produced at a reasonable cost because of the mild reaction conditions and the inexpensive promoter choline hydroxide. Furthermore, the desired products can be obtained without the need for any extraction or chromatography steps. An alternate technique for the simple and high-yield synthesis of functionalized chromenyl phosphonates is offered by this protocol. The synthesized compounds were studied by anti-microbial activity and docking studies. The title compounds molecular docking investigations demonstrated their efficacy as therapeutic agents against DNA Gyrase B and Aspergillus niger endoglucanase in both antibacterial and antifungal inhibition, and they identified compounds 4a, 4d, 4l, 4p, and 4q as promising candidates for microbial treatment, with binding affinities ranging from -6.9 to -7.4kcal/mol.