Method For Simultaneous Measurement Research Articles

Identification of critical hemodilution by artificial intelligence in bone marrow assessed for minimal residual disease analysis in acute myeloid leukemia: The Cinderella method.

Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection is a strong predictor for survival and relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MRD can be either determined by molecular assessment strategies or via multiparameter flow cytometry. The degree of bone marrow (BM) dilution with peripheral blood (PB) increases with aspiration volume causing consecutive underestimation of the residual AML blast amount. In order to prevent false-negative MRD results, we developed Cinderella, a simple automated method for one-tube simultaneous measurement of hemodilution in BM samples and MRD level. The explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) Cinderella was trained and validated with the digital raw data of a flow cytometric "8-color" AML-MRD antibody panel in 126 BM and 23 PB samples from 35 patients. Cinderella predicted PB dilution with high accordance compared to the results of the Holdrinet formula (Pearson's correlation coefficient r=0.94, R2 =0.89, p < 0.001). Unlike conventional neuronal networks Cinderella calculated the distributions of 12 different cell populations that were assigned to true hematopoietic counterparts as a human in the loop (HIL) approach. Besides characteristic BM cells such as myelocytes and myeloid progenitor cells the XAI identified discriminating populations, which were not specific for BM or PB (e.g., T cell/NK cell subpopulations and CD45 negative cells) and considered their frequency differences. Thus, Cinderella represents a HIL-XAI algorithm capable to calculate the degree of hemodilution in BM samples with an AML MRD immunophenotype panel. It is explicable, transparent, and paves a simple way to prevent false negative MRD reports.

The clinical validation of a dried blood spot method for simultaneous measurement of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, creatinine, and hematocrit

• A multicomponent dried blood spot method was clinically validated in transplant recipients. • A dried blood spot method was validated for cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, creatinine and hematocrit. • A correction for hematocrit is needed for clinical use of dried blood spot for cyclosporine A and tacrolimus.

Validation of an LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous determination of bictegravir, doravirine, and raltegravir in human plasma

Bictegravir (BIC), an integrase inhibitor, and doravirine (DOR), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, were recently approved by the US FDA for HIV treatment and are recommended first line treatment options. Because certain clinical scenarios warrant using them in combination, we developed a fully validated LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous measurement of BIC and DOR, along with a legacy integrase inhibitor, raltegravir (RAL), in human plasma over a clinically relevant 1000-fold range for each analyte. These analytes were extracted from the plasma by protein precipitation with their stable, isotopically labeled internal standards (BIC-d5, 13C6-DOR, and RAL-d6). Following extraction, samples were analyzed by reverse phase chromatography on a Waters Atlantis T3 C18 (50 ×2.1 mm, 3 µm particle size) column with subsequent detection by electrospray ionization in positive ion mode on an AB Sciex API-5000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The assay was linear (R2 >0.994) over the selected calibration ranges (20.0–20,000 ng/mL (BIC), 3.00–3000 ng/mL (DOR), and 10.0–10,000 (RAL)). The assay was accurate (inter-assay %Bias ≤ ± 8.5) and precise (inter-assay %CV ≤11.4). This method was validated according to FDA guidance for industry and can be used to assess the pharmacokinetics of two newly approved antiretrovirals, or to support therapeutic drug monitoring for modern antiretroviral therapy.

A four parallel laser-based simultaneous measurement method for 6-degrees-of-freedom errors of rigid body with translational motion.

The measurement of six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) errors of rigid bodies can show the real and accurate spatial pose of those rigid bodies. It plays a major role in precision calibration, spacecraft docking, machining, assembly, etc. In this paper, a four parallel laser-based simultaneous measurement (FPL-SM) method is proposed for measuring 6-DOF errors of rigid bodies with translational motion. First, a FPL-SM device is introduced. Its four laser heads form a rectangle, which is perpendicular to the movement direction of the measured linear displacement. Second, identification formulas for all geometrical errors in rigid bodies with translational motion are presented based on the relative positions of the four lasers. Based on the readings of the four lasers, angular errors and corresponding straightness errors are calculated for the direction of motion around the other two linear motions. As the two parallel sides of the rectangle are in different planes, the straightness errors of the two planes are different. The rolling angular error in the direction is expressed as the difference between the straightness errors of the two planes divided by the distance between the two planes. Six fundamental errors for rigid bodies with translational motion are obtained by four lasers in a single setting of the device. For multiple rigid bodies with mutually perpendicular translational motion, the squareness error is calculated by fitting to the actual direction of motion. Finally, experiments were carried out on the SmartCNC_DRDT five-axis machine tool and 21 geometric errors were determined for three translational axes. Error compensation was carried out using the generated machine tool geometric error data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FPL-SM method. In addition, geometric errors and thermal errors of the Z axis of the GTI-2740 machine tool are measured based on the FPL-SM method.

Simultaneous measurement of central amygdala neuronal activity and sympathetic nerve activity during daily activities in rats.

What is the central question of this study? The functional relationships between central amygdala neuronal activity (CeANA) and sympathetic nerve activity in daily activities remain unclear. We aimed to measure CeANA, renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA and LSNA, respectively), heart rate (HR) and arterial pressure simultaneously in freely moving rats. What is the main finding and its importance? The CeANA was significantly related to RSNA and LSNA and HR in a behavioural state-dependent and regionally different manner; meanwhile, CeANA was tightly associated with RSNA and HR across all behavioural states. Thus, it is likely that the amygdala is a component of neural networks generating regional differences in RSNA and LSNA. The central amygdala (CeA) is involved in generating diverse changes in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in response to changes in daily behavioural states. However, the functional relationships between CeA neuronal activity (CeANA) and SNA in daily activities are still unclear. In the present study, we developed a method for simultaneous and continuous measurement of CeANA and SNA in freely moving rats. Wistar rats were chronically instrumented with multiple electrodes (100-μm-thick stainless-steel wire) for the measurement of CeANA, renal SNA (RSNA) and lumbar SNA (LSNA), and electroencephalogram, EMG and ECG electrodes, in addition to catheters for measurement of arterial pressure (AP). During the transition from non-rapid eye movement sleep to quiet wakefulness, moving and grooming states, a significant linear relationship was observed between CeANA and RSNA (P<0.0001), between CeANA and LSNA (P =0.0309), between CeANA and heart rate (HR) (P=0.0123) and between CeANA and EMG (P =0.0089), but no significant correlation was observed between CeANA and AP (P =0.5139). During rapid eye movement sleep, the relationships between CeANA and RSNA, LSNA, HR, AP and EMG deviated from the previously observed linear relationships, but the time course of RSNA and HR changes was the mirror image of that of CeANA, whereas the time course of changes in LSNA and AP was not related to that of CeANA. In conclusion, CeANA was related to RSNA, LSNA and HR in a behavioural state-dependent and regionally different manner, and CeANA was tightly associated with RSNA and HR across all behavioural states.

Clinical relevance of double-arm blood pressure measurement and prevalence of clinically important inter-arm blood pressure differences in Indian primary care.

Hypertension guidelines recommend measuring blood pressure (BP) in both arms at least once. However, this is seldom done due to uncertainties regarding measurement procedure and the implications of finding a clinically important inter‐arm BP difference (IAD). This study aimed to provide insight into the prevalence of clinically important IADs in a large Indian primary care cohort.A number of 134 678 (37% female) unselected Indian primary care participants, mean age 45.2 (SD 11.9) years, had BP measured in both arms using a standardized, triplicate, automated simultaneous measurement method (Microlife WatchBP Office Afib).On average, there were clinically minor differences in right and left arm BP values: systolic BP 134.4 vs 134.2 mmHg (p < .01) and diastolic BP 82.7 vs 82.6 mmHg (p < .01), respectively.Prevalence of significant mean systolic IAD between 10 and 15 mmHg was 7,813 (5.8%). Systolic IAD ≥ 15 mmHg 2,980 (2.2%) and diastolic IAD ≥ 10 mmHg 7,151 (5.3%). In total, there were 7,595 (5.6%) and 8,548 (6.3%) participants with BP above the 140/90 mmHg threshold in only the left or right arm, respectively. Prevalence of participants with elevated BP on one arm only was highest in patients with a systolic IAD ≥ 15 mmHg; 19.1% and 13.7%, for left and right arm, respectively.This study shows that a substantial prevalence of IAD exists in Indian primary care patients. BP is above the diagnostic threshold for hypertension in one arm only for 6% of participants. These findings emphasize the importance of undertaking bilateral BP measurement in routine clinical practice.

Reassessment of a bond correction method for in situ ultrasonic interferometry on elastic wave velocity measurement under high pressure and high temperature

ABSTRACT A new bond correction method for simultaneous elastic wave velocity measurement of in situ synchrotron X-ray technique and ultrasonic interferometry combined with a Kawai type multi-anvil apparatus is developed to measure elastic wave velocity precisely. The new method was validated using data from the literature and new elastic constant data of gold obtained under high pressure and high-temperature conditions. Elastic wave velocities corrected using the new method show lower values than those obtained without bond correction and using the conventional method, which show good agreement with datasets by in situ Brillouin scattering measurement and ab initio calculation. When the sample length is 1 mm under ambient conditions, the corrected V P and V S became 3.7% and 1.6% lower, respectively, than values obtained without bond correction under 12 GPa and 900 K. Results show that correcting the bond effect is extremely important, especially when the sample length is less than 1 mm.

Dual-Band Reflective Optical Sensor Based on GMR-TPS Structure to Detect the Hemoglobin

A novel dual-band reflective optical sensing method for simultaneous measurement of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and temperature by hybrid guide-mode resonance (GMR)-topological photonic state (TPS) sensor was proposed. The dual-band reflection peaks can be explained by two different mechanisms: one is attributed to the excitation of GMR, and the other is due to the generation of TPS. The GMR worked as the sensing channel of Hb concentration because it is in direct contact with the Hb. Moreover, the TPS worked as the sensing channel of temperature. When the Hb concentration and temperature variation, the two reflection peaks would all shift, but with different sensitivities. Excellent biosensor performance can be obtained by systematically adjusting structural parameters such as grating period (P), grating width (W), grating height (h), and spacer layer thickness (d). Notably, by using the dual-wavelength matrix method, the cross-interference caused by temperature variation is eliminated. The results concluded that the Hb concentration sensitivity and the temperature sensitivity of the proposed sensor could reach 264.44 nm/RIU and 0.061 nm/°C, respectively. The proposed sensor provides a promising sensing strategy for multi-parameter sensing.

Optimal gate selection method for simultaneous lifetime-based measurement of PSP and TSP

In this study, a new method that optimizes a measurement condition in a lifetime-based simultaneous measurement of a pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and a temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) is proposed for the improvement of the accuracy of the pressure measurement. An optimal gate is selected based on a pressure measurement error when calculating the pressure and the temperature simultaneously from measurement values of a PSP and a TSP. A shot noise of a PSP, a temperature error, and a fluctuation in an emission intensity ratio due to blurring were considered error factors of the PSP measurement. The pressure measurement error propagated from each error source was considered as an evaluation index in an optimization of a measurement condition. We evaluated 17 types of TSP characteristics and selected an optimal TSP and a measurement condition for the PSP measurement. Further, the optimized measurement condition was evaluated in a PSP/TSP simultaneous measurement using a coupon-based test. The optimal measurement condition obtained based on the proposed method and an empirical selection method were compared by a PSP/TSP simultaneous measurement using a coupon-based test. A small-pressure measurement error, i.e. high pressure-measurement accuracy, was realized by the proposed method in the simultaneous lifetime-based method of a PSP and a TSP. In addition to the analyses above, the blurring effects were found to be minor and briefly summarized in appendices.

Simple Optical Fiber Interferometer for Dynamic Measurement of Refractive Index and Thickness of Polymer Films

Fiber optic-based refractometers is a thoroughly researched field, with many different configurations being used. However, most designs require external calibration using substances of known refractive index (RI) and their fabrication process might be impractical and time consuming, creating the need for a quick and accurate method of measuring RI of different substances. A simple method for simultaneous measurement in real-time of RI and thickness of polymer thin films is presented, allowing dynamic measurements in the presence of changing environmental parameters, such as temperature or humidity. This method, which does not require previous calibration, is based on an inline Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity, created by dipping the tip of a cleaved optical fiber (OF) in a polymer solution. The procedure consists of using the equations of the low finesse FP interferometers to directly extract information from the structure created, such as RI and cavity length, by working in the spectral window from 1500 to 1600nm. The method was validated by creating FP cavities with liquids of known RI, for which a typical precision of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${3}\times {10}^{-{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was achieved, along with errors lower than 0.6% and 1% for RI and cavity length determination, respectively. The procedure was then used to monitor three different curing processes, namely the temperature curing of Sylgard™ 184, the UV curing of Norland Optical Adhesives™ 65 and the mixing and curing of Ceys™ Araldite epoxy glue. Both RI and cavity length were compared to reference values, showing excellent agreement with the experimental results for a method that does not require external calibration.

High-Spatial-Resolution Strain and Vibration Dual-Parameter Sensor Based on Ultra-Short FBG

A method for simultaneous measurement of static strain and dynamic vibration with high spatial resolution based on millimeter sized ultra-short fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed and experimented in this paper. Dual-parameter can be measured on the single unit of cascaded FBGs, which interrogate with optical coherence tomography method by a designed wavelength swept light source. In experiments, the sensing units were precisely located with mm degrees by inverse FFT of coherent signals and the phase difference calculation. And also the strain and vibration could be simultaneously measured in time and frequency domain: demodulating strain with low frequency component’s phase shift of coherent signals by extracting envelope and interpolation; demodulating vibration by finding peak positions of sidebands in FFT spectrum. Spatial resolution of positioning can reach 0.77 mm. Sensitivity of strain measurement reaches 0.811 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{\times} 10^{-3} rad/\mu \varepsilon $</tex-math></inline-formula> under a wavelength sweep rate of 0.2 nm/ms, and forces of several milli newtons can be perceived. The measurement accuracy of kHz vibration frequency is over 98%. Moreover, by comparing simultaneous and respective measurement of dual-parameter, it can be seen that there is almost no crosstalk affectting the results. The results shows great application potential in the field of mechanical sensing, especially in bionic tactile sensing for its simultaneous dynamic and static measurement with accurate positioning performance.

Analyses of chemiluminescence reactions of fluorophore-linked 1,2-dioxetane isomers in crystals heating at elevated temperature including a development of a simultaneous measurement method of thermal diffusivity and light emission for a single crystal.

It has been found that a fluorophore-linked adamantylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetane derivative showed an isomeric difference in the reactivities of crystalline-state chemiluminescence (CL) under isothermal heating conditions, while there are still unsolved problems on the conditions for intracrystalline reactions. To confirm the suitable heating conditions for initiating crystalline-state CL reactions of the isomers, the CL reactions in their crystal samples heated at elevated temperature were investigated with monitoring of CL light emission and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) measurements together with a simultaneous measurement method of thermal diffusivity and light emission, to provide the information on suitable temperature range for the crystalline-state CL reactions and on the reactivities depending on open and closed conditions of the crystal samples. The newly developed simultaneous measurement method provides a methodology for a single crystal to analyze the relationship between a change of the thermophysical property of inside of the crystal and the progress of a crystalline-state CL reaction.

Simultaneous measurement of layer thicknesses in thin layered materials using the phase of ultrasonic reflection coefficient spectrum

The wide application of layered materials proposes more requests for their mechanical performance. The measurement of layer thicknesses is an important part of performance evaluation for the layered materials. Ultrasonic testing is an effective method for thickness measurement. However, in thin layered materials, the layer thicknesses are immeasurable due to the overlap of ultrasonic echoes from interlayer interfaces. This work presented an ultrasonic method for simultaneous measurement of layer thicknesses in thin layered materials using the phase of ultrasonic reflection coefficient spectrum (PRCS) at normal incidence, and the other method using the magnitude of ultrasonic reflection coefficient spectrum (MRCS) was also investigated for comparison. The inversion algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to avoid convergence to local minima. Both the sensitivities to the thickness parameters and effects of frequency bandwidth of the transducer were studied for PRCS and MRCS. The results indicate that PRCS is sensitive to the layer thicknesses and larger frequency bandwidth is favorable for convergence zones to be produced. Compared with MRCS, the narrower convergence zones can be obtained using PRCS. The experimental measurement results of the thin Al-Ti bi-layered material confirm that the measurement of layer thicknesses using PRCS is more accurate than MRCS. The relative errors of the Al layer and the Ti layer between the PSO estimated values and the real values are −3.77% and +1.91% using PRCS, respectively.

Simultaneous Pressure and Displacement Measurement on Helicopter Rotor Blades Using a Binocular Stereophotogrammetry PSP System

A simultaneous surface pressure and displacement measurement method that integrates pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and binocular stereophotogrammetry is proposed. The assays were completed on the Φ4 m rotor test stand at China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center (CARDC). A single-shot lifetime approach was utilized to acquire the instantaneous pressure field on a rotor blade coated with PSP. At the same time, the PSP feature points were used to obtain the 3D coordinates of stereo cameras, which yielded the blade displacement field. The experimental results showed that the displacement measuring accuracy was better than 0.2 mm, and the pressure measurement accuracy was not affected, with Standard Deviation (STD) values below 700 Pa. The advantages of the proposed system are its simple structure, low cost, high accuracy and high test efficiency, which will offer a practical solution for the exploration of fluid–structure interplay. Hence, such a system is a prospective for the wind tunnel tests of helicopter rotor blades.

Experimental study of turbulent bubbly jet. Part 1. Simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional velocity fields of bubbles and water

This study proposes a method for simultaneous measurements of time-resolved three-dimensional velocity fields of the dispersed and continuous phases of a turbulent bubbly jet at a low void fraction using Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) velocimetry with the Shake-The-Box algorithm. Four high-speed cameras are used to acquire time series of images that include both bubbles and fluid tracer particles. Bubbles are firstly tracked using intensity differences between tracer particles and bubbles, then the bubble images are removed from the camera images and all tracer particles are tracked using the residual images. Subsequently, FlowFit interpolation is applied to the LPT results obtained by phase separation to investigate flow characteristics of a bubbly jet. The bubbly jet was divided into two regions along the vertical direction: jet-like and plume-like regions. Streamwise vortex structures of continuous phase were generated mainly by the rising bubbles. The Gaussian and top-hat velocity profiles matched well with the ensemble-averaged fluid and bubble velocities, respectively. The measured slip velocity in the radial direction was not constant but linearly increased. The classical assumption of self-similarity with Gaussian profiles for fluid velocity and bubble concentration is experimentally verified. The fluid volume flux and entrainment coefficient are obtained as a function of the slip velocity, void fraction, plume and bubble width based on three-dimensional measurements. We found that the classical integral theory agrees well with experiments in the plume region.

A New Method for Simultaneous Measurements of Gas Dispersion Coefficient and Gas Coefficient of Permeability of Unsaturated Soils

A New Method for Simultaneous Measurements of Gas Dispersion Coefficient and Gas Coefficient of Permeability of Unsaturated Soils

Optical absorption tomography for temperature and H2O concentration imaging by a compact photoelectric detecting system combined with twice adaptive algebraic algorithm

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is a robust method for simultaneous measurements of temperature and gas species. Different from commercial detectors integrated with photodiode receivers and amplifiers as the detecting system, a custom-made photoelectric detecting system comprised of Ge detectors and separated amplifiers was designed. First, Ge detectors received optical power from laser beams and then converted it into electrical current signals. The trans-impedance amplifiers were used to convert the current signals to voltage signals. The second stage amplifiers further amplified the voltage signals. All amplifiers that integrated the electronic circuits were packed in a portable case. Finally, the amplified voltage signals were received by data acquisition card. In this way, detectors could be arranged more compact and are easier to facilitate expandability. In addition, absorption data were reconstructed using twice adaptive algebraic reconstruction technique (AART) algorithm. During the reconstruction, after obtaining the temperature distribution through AART algorithm, AART algorithm was adopted for the second time for H2O concentration distribution. This system was validated with measurements of one-dimensional average temperature in a high temperature tube furnace and the system combined with twice adaptive algebraic algorithm demonstrated in a square flow field containing McKenna burners for simultaneous measurements of temperature and H2O distribution. The results indicated the viability and potential of this system combined with twice adaptive algebraic algorithm for sensitive temperature and H2O distribution tomography.

Crosstalk decoupling measurement method to determine the six degrees of freedom of motion error of linear stages.

The simultaneous measurement of all six degrees of freedom of motion error for a linear stage is significantly faster than methods that measure each degree of freedom separately. However, in current simultaneous measurement methods, error crosstalk issues significantly affect measurement accuracy. In this paper, a direct and simple crosstalk decoupling simultaneous measurement method to determine the six degrees of freedom of motion error of a linear stage is proposed. Based on the combination of single-frequency laser interferometry and laser self-collimation, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, optical configuration with a complete error decoupling relationship is designed, and a mathematical model is derived for error decoupling to address the crosstalk issue. A prototype system based on the new method is developed, and experiments are conducted to verify its effectiveness. Analysis shows that, compared with a commercial laser interferometer for linear stage measurement, the deviations of the positioning, horizontal straightness, vertical straightness, roll, pitch, and yaw errors are±0.50µm, ±0.58µm, ±0.50µm, ±1.02in., ±0.72in., and ±0.87in. respectively, over a 200 mm measurement range.

Single Channel Instrument for Simultaneous Rotation Speed and Vibration Measurement Based on Self-Mixing Speckle Interference

In this paper, a novel method for simultaneous measurement of rotation speed and vibration based on self-mixing speckle interference (SMSI) has been demonstrated. In view of the autocorrelation characteristic of SMSI, the time delay of laser incident during one rotation period is determined, and the rotation speed of the object is calculated according to the mathematical relationship. At the same time, the signal square-wave conversion and the global maximum fringe-counting method are proposed to measure the vibration displacement subject to the rotation. The theory and signal processing means are introduced in detail, and a series of experiments employing computer disk at different positions with various rotation speeds indicate that the proposed method achieves a simple, efficient, and accurate multi-parameter measurement.

Experimental Design Approach for Quantitative Expressions of Simultaneous Quantification of Two Binary Formulations Containing Remogliflozin and Gliptins by RP-HPLC

The aim of this study was to develop a fast RP-HPLC method for simultaneous measurement of two antidiabetic formulations (vildagliptin + remogliflozin and teneligliptin + remogliflozin) under identical experimental conditions. Using the Box–Behnken approach and response surface design, the interaction and quadratic influence of three variable parameters, acetonitrile %, pH of the mobile phase, and flow rate, on resolution between the peaks were optimized. To forecast the resolution of peaks (2.7 and 6.5) for the three anti-diabetic medications, the design space with desirability function was used to find the optimal chromatographic conditions. Isocratic elution with 58:42 acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (20 mM KH2PO4, pH adjusted to 4.9 with orthophosphoric acid) over a Zorabx C18 HPLC column with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1 separated all three analytes in 2.5 min. In addition, the optimized HPLC process was validated using ICH recommendations. The devised HPLC method’s precision and accuracy were proven by the low percent relative standard deviation (0.60–1.65%), good percentage recovery (98.18–101.50%), and low percentage relative errors (0.20–1.82%). The method’s robustness was also proven by slightly varying the five separate parameters. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed HPLC approach was confirmed using a standard addition method for simultaneous determination of vildagliptin + remogliflozin and teneligliptin + remogliflozin from formulations. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that experimental design can be successfully used to optimize chromatographic conditions with fewer runs. The devised HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of two binary combinations utilizing the same chromatographic conditions is fast, accurate, precise, and easy, and it might be utilized in laboratories for routine quality control investigations on both formulations.