A theoretical model for the influence of age, race and ethnicity on retinal mitochondria dysfunction.

ABSTRACT Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is recognized as a key technology for high-resolution target imaging in modern weapon systems, as high spatial resolution can be achieved without the need for a large physical aperture. By exploiting the short wavelength and high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) characteristics of the terahertz band, the limitations inherent in microwave and millimetre-wave systems are overcome, and terahertz ISAR is thus regarded as a potential solution for short-range high-precision target detection. Aiming at the image distortion problem of terahertz Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar during near-field imaging, which arises from the invalidation of the traditional far-field plane wave assumption. This study first analyzes the echo signals under near-field conditions and the influence of the spherical wave effect. Subsequently, criteria for satisfying the plane wave assumption are proposed. Finally, the conclusion that the spherical wave effect induces distortion in imaging results is verified by combining the imaging results of both simulation and measured data. This research provides support for high-precision target recognition and guidance control.

Superior shielding potential of extinct volcano-derived rock aggregates: An MCNP simulation study for lead alternatives.

Dual-frequency ultrasonic holography by binary aperture plates.

Integrating EMT dynamics in model-based metastasis prediction.

Multiphase flow dynamics and flow pattern analysis in production wellbore during subsurface carbon storage

Deep reinforcement learning for adaptive control of heater position and heating power in a smart greenhouse

Second-generation (2G) high-temperature supercon ducting (HTS) tapes enable the development of compact, high power electrical machines due to their exceptional current carrying capacity. Trapped-field superconducting machines, in which stacks of 2G HTS tapes are used to replace bulk HTS material in the rotor, can achieve comparable flux-trapping performance while reducing the overall size and weight of the device. In previous works, we proposed a spiral stacking configuration to enhance their trapped field. In the present study, we extend this concept by investigating a rotor design where 2G HTS tapes are stacked with their wide faces oriented parallel to the machine axis. The machine was experimentally tested in a liquid nitrogen bath at 77 K, in which initial high-current DC pulses were applied to the stator to magnetize the rotor stacks. Subsequently, the shaft was driven at a constant speed, and the induced voltage was recorded. In parallel, finite element simula tions based on the J–A formulation implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics were conducted to analyze the stack magnetization and induced voltage. The simulated and experimental results were then compared. Finally, the SEM was tested in motor mode, and the torque was measured. These findings demonstrate the potential of axially stacked HTS tapes to enhance the design of next-generation trapped-field superconducting machines aimed at achieving high power density applications.

Improving the efficiency of tumor treating fields delivery in tumor cell proliferation inhibition through conductive electrodes.

A novel label-free electrochemical aptamer sensor based on base mismatch and strand displacement for detection of kanamycin.

A prediction-based framework for developing integrated pedestrian safety systems under high-risk scenarios.

A hydraulic conveying system utilizing a jet pump is commonly employed for the transportation of coal rejects from the PCCB (pulverized coal combustion boiler) unit. This study applies CFD (computational fluid dynamics) combined with the DEM (discrete element method) to simulate solid-liquid two-phase flow in the jet pump. The coal reject particles were modeled as perfect spheres with a diameter 55 mm a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s. The hydraulic jet pump was supplied with water at a pressure of 12 bar and a flow velocity of 3 m/s. The diameter of nozzle was varied at 26-, 36-, 46-, 56-, and 66 mm to evaluated the effects on particle velocity, residue buildup, and the flow characteristics. The simulation results indicate that increasing the nozzle diameter leads to lower particle velocities and decreases the amount of coal reject residue in the jet pump. The nozzle diameter also influences to the multiphase flow behaviors in the outlet pipe.

The self-assembly behavior of cyclic A12B12C12 terpolymers under 3D soft confinement were studied using Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results indicate that under neutral boundary conditions, the cyclic A12B12C12 terpolymers self-assemble into nanoparticles with intriguing ordered inner nanostructures, i.e., each component forms hexagonally packed short cylinders arranged in the nanoparticles. It is worth noting that the overall shape of those nanostructured particles can be tuned via changing the interfacial interactions between different blocks (εPP) and the interfacial interactions between the terpolymers and solvents (εPS), and the nearly flat oblate nanoparticles can be obtained in the case of large εPP while small εPS. In addition, via changing the confinement degree, the number of short cylinders in the particles can be easily tuned, which leads to the formation of oblate nanoparticles with various internal nanostructures, and core-multi-petal oblate nanoparticles with one component forming the core and the other two components forming the petals can be obtained when the confinement degree is relatively strong. It should be noted that the core-forming component in the core-multi-petal nanoparticles can be easily tuned via introducing the selectivity of the solvents. Our simulation results indicate that the cyclic ABC terpolymers is a good candidate for the preparation of oblate nanoparticles with controllable inner nanostructures.

Optimization analysis for one-stage method of 99Mo/99mTc

Recurrent neural network (RNN) is a neurodynamic method designed to tackle time-varying problems in various technical domains, which are widely derived from scientific research and practical applications. It should be noted that traditional models often lack an effective capability to suppress nonlinear time-varying noise during the design process, and thus may encounter many difficulties in practical applications. This article presents a novel RNN model for solving the continuous time-varying matrix pseudoinverse, which has a significant characteristic of double integral-reinforcing (DIR) term and is termed DIR continuous-time RNN (DIR-CT-RNN) model. Correspondingly, using the discretization formula, a DIR discrete-time RNN (DIR-DT-RNN) is presented for solving the discrete time-varying matrix pseudoinverse. The theoretical results present that the DIR-DT-RNN model converges toward the theoretical solution under the discrete time-unvarying constant (DTU-C) noise or discrete time-varying linear (DTV-L) noise interference. Under the discrete time-varying quadratic (DTV-Q) noise interference, the proposed model converges to a constant that relates to the design parameters. In addition, simulation results, including an application for trajectory tracking of three-link robotic manipulator, which come from practical engineering background, verify the effectiveness and superiority of DIR-DT-RNN model for solving the time-varying matrix pseudoinverse under various types of noise interference.

Carbon supports employed in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts frequently exhibit crumpled, curled, or other curved morphological features. The local microenvironment generated by such curved interfaces and its impact on the electronic structure of active sites, as well as reaction kinetics, remain to be studied. Herein, the finite element method was employed to elucidate the evolution of the local catalytic microenvironment during the pyrolysis of ZIF-67 from the perspective of geometric distortion. The results revealed that moderate interfacial curvature can significantly enhance the local electric field strength and promote O2 enrichment. Guided by the simulation results, MOF-derived carbon with an optimal curved configuration was constructed by controlling the pyrolysis temperature. After etching, metal-ion adsorption, and H2 reduction, MOF-derived carbon materials loaded with PtCo alloy (PtCo/NCs) were obtained. As expected, the PtCo/NCs-900 sample with a moderately curved interface exhibited outstanding ORR performance, with a half-wave potential of 0.831 V and an activity retention of 91.7% after 50 000 s. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the curved interface in PtCo/NCs-900 induces electron redistribution, shifts the d-band center of Pt and optimizes the *OH desorption behavior, thereby lowering the O2 diffusion barrier, facilitating electron transfer, and ensuring sufficient O2 supply. As an air-cathode catalyst, the PtCo/NCs-900 sample delivered a peak power density of 159 mW cm-2 and a specific capacity of 837 mAh g-1Zn, demonstrating its potential for practical energy applications.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, primarily caused by insulin resistance and/or pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Glibenclamide, a second-generation sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent, plays a crucial role in managing T2DM.Our objective was to establish a population pharmacokineticmodel of glibenclamide in Chinese healthy volunteers and use this model to guide the adjustment of individualized dosage regimens. We collected 476 concentration observations of glibenclamide from 20 Chinese healthy volunteers in a phase I clinical trial. A fundamental three-compartment pharmacokinetic model with instantaneous zero-order absorption and linear elimination was developed using the first-order conditional estimation method by NONMEM software. A covariate model was developed by screening for relevant covariates based on the base model. Internal validation of the final model was performed using visual predictive checks and bootstrap methods. The reference standard for the final model was used to assess the quality of the simulated doses. A PopPK model of glibenclamide in Chinese healthy volunteers was successfully established. Age significantly impacted the apparent distribution volume of the central compartment. Validation results indicate that the final model is stable. Simulation results indicate that the model has good goodness of fit. The established population model accurately represents the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide in Chinese healthy volunteers and based on this model, can be further extrapolated to inform individualized medication strategies for glibenclamide in the treatment of T2DM in the future.

Design and laboratory-based proof-of-concept verification of electromagnetic energy harvesting device for multi-state monitoring of large-diameter TBM gauge cutters

Globally stable discrete time PID Passivity-based Control of power converters: Simulation and experimental results

Radiation shielding performance of natural rubber composites: A Monte Carlo and XCOM-based study.