Simulation Of Wind Environment Research Articles

A Study on Street Tree Planting Strategy in Pingtan Island Based on Road Wind Environment Simulation

In this paper, the landscape of typical roadway trees and their planting parameters on Pingtan Island are investigated and analyzed in the field. A three-dimensional model of street trees was created using AutoCAD 2020, and Ansys Fluent 2022 was used to simulate the wind condition of trees with various planting parameters under high wind circumstances. The study explores the stress and adaptability of roadway trees in the wind environment under different planting parameters, such as different heights, plant spacing, lower shrub heights, and two-row and three-row planting with different row spacings. The results show that the wind resistance of street trees is connected to the planting parameters and that modifying the appropriate planting parameters can improve the wind stability of road green space. The height of street trees is more suitable between 6.0~9.0 m. The planting spacing should be not less than 1.0 times the crown and not more than 1.75 times the crown. The form of planting has an important effect on wind resistance. Two rows of planting of street trees have a better utility and wind resistance, and a row spacing of 2.0~6.0 m is more appropriate. The height of the lower shrubs should be lower than the height of the first branch, with 0.5~1.0 m being more suitable. Based on the results of the data simulation and analysis, this paper proposes corresponding tree species selections and planting strategies for road green belts on Pingtan Island from the perspective of street tree species, planting parameters, and planting forms to provide references for the upgrading and planning of roadway tree landscapes on Pingtan Island as well as in similar climatic regions.

Exploring the Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Wind Environment Simulation in the Layout of Port Operation Areas

Exploring the Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Wind Environment Simulation in the Layout of Port Operation Areas

CFD Simulation of Wind Environment around an Isolated High - Rise Building for Wind Energy Harvesting

CFD Simulation of Wind Environment around an Isolated High - Rise Building for Wind Energy Harvesting

Implementation of an embedded LES model with parameter assessment for predicting surface pressure and surrounding flow of an isolated building

Aiming at reducing computational costs, an embedded large eddy simulation (ELES) model is introduced to simulate the wind-induced response of an isolated tall building immersed in a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The unsteady LES with high grid resolution is computed at the building-located area, while the low-resolution RANS model is applied to other areas. The novelty of the present model is using the random flow generation (RFG) technique to provide turbulent fluctuations, applying a mixed condition to tangential interfaces, and the good pressure coupling between separated domains. The simulated fluctuating surface pressure and the surrounding wind field of the building are analyzed, as well as the effects of fraction factor and boundary locations of the inner LES domain on simulations are also studied. Comparison with experimental measurements and pure LES result verifies the good performance of present ELES and further reveals the weakened effect of the near-wall lateral boundaries and the distortion of the neighboring RANS flow field with an insufficient downstream boundary distance. The comparison shows that over 75% of the computing time is saved using present ELES compared with pure LES, demonstrating ELES's good prospects in the urban wind environment simulation.

Study on Skywell Shape in Huizhou Traditional Architecture Based on Outdoor Wind Environment Simulation

This study was conducted in the context of the latest Chinese policy on “double carbon”. First, we obtained building skywell and meteorological data parameters through a site survey and measurements. We applied the PHOENICS software to simulate and analyze the wind environment of a traditional building skywell. Secondly, the outdoor wind environment of typical building skywells could be simulated and evaluated one by one. Finally, using the method of controlling the variables and by combining typical buildings and skywell-scale layouts, the study summarized and compared the wind environment of the skywell under different scale combinations from three aspects: building skywell shape, skywell scale ratio, and skywell door opening. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) Among the four skywell shapes, the wind environment inside of the skywell was best in the HUI shape. (2) The wind environment inside of the skywell was best in the simulated skywell width-to-height ratio D/H values of 0.2–0.6; the AO shape D/H value was equal to 0.3; and the best wind environment in the skywell occurred when the D/H value of the HUI shape was equal to 0.4. (3) The wind environment in the skywell was best in the range of 1–1.5 for the aspect ratio W/L in the HUI-shaped building skywell (when the width-to-height D/H ratio was 0.4). (4) The opening of the door of the residential building had a great impact on the wind environment of the skywell.

A workflow for rapid assessment of complex courtyard wind environment based on parallel lattice Boltzmann method

A fast courtyard wind simulation platform based on the parallel courtyard Lattice Boltzmann Method (CLBM) is proposed to achieve comprehensive optimization of courtyard design structure and wind environment performance. The simulation workflow of CLBM is designed and implemented, and its accuracy is validated using two benchmark cases and Qinghui Garden in central Guangdong. The results show that CLBM achieves simulation accuracy on par with other simulations, with R2 values greater than 0.8 and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values less than 0.3 m/s for the building array case and RMSE values less than 0.2 m/s for the row of trees case. In the testbed courtyard, the Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) values range from 0.18 to 0.30, close to Ansys Fluent's NRMSE values of 0.07–0.33, and comparable to most peer studies with NRMSE values below 0.5. CLBM is also faster than traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models, with a workflow that is 19 times faster than Ansys Fluent and can produce wind environment simulation feedback in about 10 min. This model's speed and accuracy advantages make it well-suited for quickly simulating courtyard wind environments, even in the presence of complex combinations and rich vegetation. Architects can use this technique to regularly experiment with courtyard design elements and achieve evidence-based design of courtyard ventilation to fully realize the aesthetic appeal and maximize ventilation efficiency.

An intelligent planning method to optimize high-density residential layouts considering the influence of wind environments

There is a growing conflict between building density and the comfort of the external environment in residential construction, especially in high-density cities in China. To address this conflict, a sensible building layout has to take both aspects into account. However, it is difficult for traditional planning approaches to produce a sensible building layout. This is partly due to the fact that an architect's subjective experiences are unreliable. On the other hand, the wind environment simulations of professional software are often time-consuming so that they are difficult to apply efficiently in practice. This study therefore focuses on the automatic generation of optimized high-density residential building layouts as well as the fast and accurate calculation of the corresponding wind environments. By combining the automatic optimization function of a genetic algorithm and the prediction function of a fully convolutional neural network, an intelligent planning method is proposed for producing optimal high-density residential building layouts in consideration of the local wind environment. To further verify its practicality and significance, a case study was carried out in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, through the automatic generation of a residential building layout, wind environment simulation, and a scheme comparison for optimization.

Wind Environment Simulation Based on Natural Ventilation of Traditional Large House Dwellings in Northeast Hunan Province

Wind Environment Simulation Based on Natural Ventilation of Traditional Large House Dwellings in Northeast Hunan Province

Impacts of solid wall boundary conditions in the lattice Boltzmann method on turbulent outdoor flow: A case study of a single 1:1:2 building model

Solid wall boundary condition is an important topic in outdoor wind environment simulation represented by single building based on lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), but there is a lack of quantitative comparative analysis of simulation results under these boundary conditions. This paper conducted LBM-based large-eddy simulation (LBM-LES) of turbulent flow around a 1:1:2 single building, applying both half-way bounce-back and interpolation-based bounce-back (the Bouzidi–Firdaouss–Lallemand scheme, BFL) to solid wall boundaries. The simulation accuracy of different solid wall boundary conditions was examed with consideration of grid resolutions and relative positions between grid points and solid boundaries. Data obtained via experiments and the finite volume method-based large-eddy simulation (FVM-LES) technique were used to examine the flow structure and distribution of the time-averaged velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The computational costs were also discussed. Results demonstrated that when the all the boundaries fell on the grid and orthogonal to the grid, the half-way bounce-back scheme attained a high accuracy. On the contrary, the BFL scheme achieved a higher accuracy if the solid wall boundaries did not fall on the grid. Under both boundary schemes, the grid resolutions of b/32 and b/16 (b: building width) could satisfy the acceptable range, but the b/32 grid resolution facilitated a better performance near the wall. The BFL scheme was more sensitive to the grid resolution and the accuracy improved faster with increasing grid resolution than half-way. As for the calculation costs, the calculation time of BFL is more than twice that of half-way bounce-back. However, BFL is still recommended if the wall boundaries are curved and complex in the actual built environment.

Application of a Wind Environment Simulation Generation Technology in Urban Planning

With the acceleration of urbanization, cities have shown a development trend of high density, high height, and high intensity, which significantly weakens the airflow in the city, resulting in the accumulation of heat and pollutants, and in the urban environment, the problem is getting worse. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to strengthen urban ventilation in the urban environment. However, in the real urban environment, the building layouts are diverse, the building forms are different, and the interaction of the building wind environment is complex due to the lack of relevant research on the complex building spatial form in the urban mesoscale area on the outdoor pedestrian. The research results are difficult to be applied in actual urban construction, and it is difficult to guide the optimization of the urban wind environment. To solve this problem, this paper adopts the CFD method in a real-scale (1 : 1) urban mesoscale regional wind environment simulation study. On this basis, the influencing factors of the urban pedestrian wind environment are analyzed, and the optimization strategy of the wind environment is proposed, which can provide practical guidance for the planning practice of enhancing urban wind comfort.

Development of a micro-in-meso-scale framework for simulating pollutant dispersion and wind environment in building groups

Simulation of pollutant dispersion and wind environment is of significant importance to the safety and health of pedestrians and residents. However, the high threshold of data collection and model configuration has hindered its application in the building industry. To address the problem, this paper proposes a Micro-in-Meso-scale (MiM) simulation framework for automatic and foolproof pollutant dispersion and wind environment simulation. The meso-scale Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is first carried out to obtain city-level meteorology data with sufficient resolution. The micro-scale Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is then initialized to simulate pollutant dispersion and wind environment in building groups. The two models are coupled where the numerical results of WRF are provided to CFD for the configuration of boundary conditions. Fluid dynamics knowledge and spatial characteristics of building groups are also embedded in the model to lower the threshold of performing atmospheric simulations. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based data management module is established simultaneously to achieve automatic collection, processing and management of raw data for simulation. The conversion algorithm of GIS data is further implemented to achieve the automatic generation of the CFD domain. Finally, the framework is developed to embed the data module and simulation module, and provide an easy-to-operate environment for building industry personnel. The framework is validated by data of actual building groups in four major cities in China. The test results illustrate the efficiency and feasibility of the platform. The study is expected to enhance the application of wind environment simulation in building industries.

Parameterised drag model for the underlying surface roughness of buildings in urban wind environment simulation

Knowledge of the flow field in the urban canopy layer (UCL) is of great significance in guiding the layout of buildings in blocks and mitigating local air pollution. Large eddy simulation (LES) with relatively high precision can simulate the flow field in the UCL. Considering the limitations of computational power, building resistance source parameterisation is an effective method of solving the average blocking effect of buildings on airflow and reducing the number of grids. Belcher's drag model has been widely used for calculating the average flow field in the UCL. However, the model does not consider the influence of the horizontal recirculation region and the variation of the canopy-drag length scale in the height direction. Therefore, a parameterised drag model for the resistance source of building(s) was improved by considering the horizontal recirculation region and effective roughness density. The simulation results suggest that the horizontal recirculation area of an isolated building is mainly affected by the spanwise width of the building at a certain height and presents a quadratic function distribution in the height direction, with a maximum at approximately z/H = 0.45. The validation of the isolated building and building arrays with different layouts demonstrated that the parameterised drag model could reveal the average flow field more accurately than Belcher's drag model.

Generating Residential Layout Based on AI in the View of Wind Environment

There is a contradiction between the high-density residential area development form and comfortable outdoor physical environment. The existing studies on wind environment of high-rise residential areas only provide the guidance for the simple general layouts, which cannot cope with the fact that most high-rise residential areas are mixed of point buildings and board buildings, and it would cost a lot of time and resources to carry out computer simulation of each layout. This paper presents a new tool, which uses the automatic optimization function of genetic algorithm and the prediction function of fully convolutional neural network to integrates three functions: the automatic generation of high-rise residential layout, the simulation of wind environment and the comparison for optimization, to learn plan scheduling and obtain the optimal solution for high-rise residential layout under specific plot ratio and plot conditions, provides guidance for today’s fast-paced architectural design.

Wind Environment Simulation Accuracy in Traditional Villages with Complex Layouts Based on CFD.

Using wind speed, wind direction, and turbulence intensity values as evaluation indicators, the ventilation performance of villages with complex building layouts was studied. We used the SKE, RNG, and RKE solvers in CFD-3D steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) to simulate the wind environment of a village. The findings show that for the simulation of rural wind environments with complex building layouts, steady-state simulation solvers need to be evaluated in detail to verify their accuracy. In this study, a village with a complex architectural layout in Southern Shaanxi, China, was taken as the research object, and three steady-state simulation solvers were used to evaluate the ventilation performance of the village. The simulated data were compared with the measured data to find the most suitable solver for this kind of village wind environment simulation. The results show that for the simulation of the village wind environment with a complex building layout, the RNG simulation results have the lowest reliability among the three steady-state solvers. The reliability of wind speed distribution and turbulence intensity distribution are 0.7881 and 0.2473, respectively. However, the wind speed and turbulence intensity values obtained by the SKE solver are the closest to the measured values, which are 0.8625 and 0.9088, respectively. Therefore, for villages with complex building layouts, the SKE solver should be the first choice for simulating wind environment distribution. When using the RNG solver, the overall turbulence intensity value obtained is higher than the measured value. The average deviation between the simulated data and SKE and RKE at a height of 1.7 m is 42.61%. The main reason for this is that RNG overestimates the vortices and underestimates the airflow rate in the building intervals.

Impact and Assessment of Urban Wind Environment Change on Architectural Heritage Protection

In view of the contradiction between urban construction and protection of architectural heritage, this paper analyzes the hidden dangers of wind and fire protection of architectural heritage from the perspective of wind environment impact of high-rise buildings. The wind environment simulation and fire simulation based on computational fluid dynamics are used to study the typical building heritage cases in Guangzhou. The wind environment indicators that affect the comfort, safety and fire development of the wind environment of the building heritage are explained, so as to form a strategy for evaluating the impact of wind environment of high-rise buildings on the protection of building heritage.

基于CFD不同布局下的高层建筑群风环境模拟

基于CFD不同布局下的高层建筑群风环境模拟

Research on Wind Environment Simulation of Commercial District Based on Phoenics—Taking Shanghai Central Building Group as an Example

As one of the central cities of my country's economic construction integration, Shanghai has continuously emerged with high-rise buildings under the trend of a threedimensional urban process. At the same time, the urban environment has become a problem that cannot be ignored, so it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the wind environment of the building complex. Aiming at the wind environment problems in the city, this paper takes Shanghai’s central business district as an example, uses the software Phoenics to simulate the wind environment of the downtown building group, analyzes the types and functions of the business district building group, and aims at the existing wind environment propose solutions to the problems and provide reference theoretical basis and optimization basis for the formulation of relevant planning and design standards for the central area.

Research on Green Building Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Design Based on BIM Technology

At present, the construction industry consumes a large proportion of energy and causes serious problems to people’s living environment and living space. Therefore, the energy conservation and environmental protection of green buildings have become the focus of the construction industry. In order to make green buildings continuously improvement and sustainable development. By analyzing the advantages of BIM technology and applying it to green buildings, it simulates and analyzes important evaluation parts such as indoor lighting, outdoor acoustic environment simulation, indoor acoustics, and outdoor wind environment simulation of green buildings, and optimizes them in time to achieve energy saving of green buildings, and purpose of eco-friendly design.

Urban Wind Energy Evaluation–A Case Study in NCUT Campus

Urban wind energy exploitation is beneficial for a green city. This article takes a case study of a university campus and evaluates the wind resource over three most potential buildings in the campus. Long-term wind data collected over roof was used as wind rose to offer wind initial condition for CFD numerical simulation. Eight sessions with corresponding wind data were considered for simulation of wind environment of the whole campus. Weighted wind velocities at 6m and 10m above roof of the three chosen buildings were compared. With correction coefficient from values got from simulation and measurement, relative true wind velocities above the three buildings were found mostly more than 3 m/s. One building was taken with detailed evaluation with wind turbine installation and the payback period is 24 years, which is feasible and worthwhile to exploit wind energy in this campus.

Visual Simulation of Building Wind Environment Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics

Wind environment visualization research is of great significance to building energy conservation. In this paper, the wind environment simulation of the building group is carried out by CFD software. The wind environment status of the building group is determined by the assumptions and analysis of the wind speed, building group layout, building height, and ground roughness in summer and winter. The results show that under the typical wind speed and wind direction in summer, the wind environment of the project is good, and there is basically no vortex or windless area of the site. About 70% of the open window can be opened. Under the typical wind speed and wind direction in winter, the wind speed of the pedestrian area is within 3m/s. Except for the first row of buildings, the wind pressure difference between the windward and leeward surfaces is basically between 1 and 6Pa.