Simple Semantics Research Articles

Sociolinguistic study of kilba personal names

This paper delves into the sociolinguistic factors and semantic implications of Kilba names and naming systems. It explores how names are given in Kilba community, explaining the cultural and social meanings attached to names .The research method involves primary data collection from aged parents in the Hong local government of Adamawa State, as well as secondary sources such as books, journal articles, and online materials. Contextual and conventional theories of meaning were used as guide for the study. The analysis categorizes Kilba names names into five main groups based on their significance and origins. The findings highlight the importance of names as identifiers of individual personalities and reflect the unique circumstances or situations surrounding a child’s birth. This study concludes that the significance of names to Kilba people is beyond mere labels, but a reflection of socio-cultural values, beliefs, and experiences.

“Kyiv regime,” “junta,” “neo-Nazis,” “ethnic Jew”: discursive derogation of Ukrainian authorities and enemy-other constructions in Vladimir Putin’s speeches

ABSTRACT In this paper, the author analyzes the discursive strategies of derogating Ukrainian authorities used by Vladimir Putin and their persuasive impact on shaping public opinion and social cognition. Using ideological discourse analysis, she investigates Putin’s tactics for reinforcing negative attitudes towards the “Kyiv regime” in his speeches since 2014. Focusing on derogatory labelling, semantic implications, and pragmatic implicatures, this paper outlines Putin’s discursive devaluing and dehumanizing of the Ukrainian authorities, justifying, first, the annexation of Crimea and, eight years later, the invasion and war in Ukraine. The analysis aims to reveal the persuasive potential of derogatory language with its semantic manipulation and capacity to format public opinion and social cognition, contributing to the categorization of “the out-group” as an “enemy-other.” It is crucial not only for legitimizing certain policies but also for constructing collective self-identity. Revealing a deliberate shift from subtle insinuations to pronounced adversarial portrayals over time, the conflictive othering of Ukrainian authorities continues to evolve.

Semantic Effects of Long-Distance Wh-Scrambling in Japanese

This paper investigates the semantic effects of long-distance wh-scrambling in Japanese. Through qualitative analysis, it demonstrates that long-distance scrambling is a semantically vacuous movement in declarative sentences where a wh-phrase undergoes radical reconstruction for interpretation. It is demonstrated that it need not flow into semantic interpretations, in contrast to wh-movement. Long-distance wh-scrambling, on the other hand, has an impact on sentential readings in interrogative sentences since the wh-phrase must draw scope from its nearest question marker, which must be understood through the c-command relationship. The difference is discovered to originate from a processing technique, with each alternative interpretation being more prominent in both the jumbled sentence and the canonical form. This study provides a syntactic-semantic perspective and offers new insights into the semantic implications of scrambling, thus contributing to the existing literature.

Exploring 2020 #ENDSARS Protests’ Components in Nigeria within the Schematics of Social Semiotics

This study examined the semiotic resources of the October 2020 #ENDSARS protests in Nigeria, manifesting the affordances operational in the protests. The investigation beckoned on 13 different communicative semiotic configurations, employing Halliday’s grammatical group rank, to delineate the structures. This paved the way for tables and graphs to account for the written modes’ recurrent components. Kinesics such as proxemics, gestures, and gaze supported the analysis, providing relevant semantic implications to non-verbal elements and body language of protesters. This investigation indicated that #ENDSARS hashtag, functioned in variegated forms, as the initiator of the protest, socializing people even without notable leaders. The texts illustrated the suffering of the people from SARS operatives’ gun-punch coercion, as exemplified in a boy-like image’s head, and the cry of agony illuminated through a gestural movement of mouths and hands. Parallel to that is the metaphorical castigation of an innocent young man, manifested through chained hands. Significantly, the research revealed the collective unanimity of the protesters, demonstrated through clenched fists, epitomizing camaraderie of purpose. The protesters made their call to abrogate SARS operations pleasurably-funny in the appearance of a clown and a sacrificial lamb. Given that the idea of social justice is non-negotiable. Demanding a just course should not lead to brutality; the government should rather respond to the request of protesters to fulfill promises made during electioneering campaigns.

Simplified semantics for further relevant logics II

It is shown how to model propositional constants within the simplified Routley-Meyer semantics. Various axioms and rules allowing the definition of modal operators, implicative negations, enthymematical conditionals, and propositions expressing various infinite conjunctions and disjunctions are set forth and shown to correspond to specific frame conditions. Two propositional constants which are both often designated as “the Ackermann constant” are shown to capture two such “infinite” propositions: The conjunction of every logical law and the conjunction of every truth –what Anderson and Belnap called the “world” constant.

Simplified Semantics for Further Relevant Logics I

This paper shows that the relevant logics E and Π′ are strongly sound and complete with regards to a version of the “simplified” Routley-Meyer semantics. Such a semantics for E has been thought impossible. Although it is impossible if an admissible rule of E  the rule of restricted assertion or equivalently Ackermann’s δ-rule  is solely added as a primitive rule, it is very much possible when E is axiomatized in the way Anderson and Belnap did. The simplified semantics for E and Π′ requires unreduced frames. Contra what has been claimed, however, no additional frame component is required over and above what’s required to model other relevant logics such as T and R. It is also shown how to modify the tonicity requirements of the ternary relation so as to allow for the standard truth condition for both fusion – the intensional conjunction ◦ – as well as the converse conditional ←.

Towards a cyberbullying detection approach: fine-tuned contrastive self-supervised learning for data augmentation

AbstractCyberbullying on social media platforms is pervasive and challenging to detect due to linguistic subtleties and the need for extensive data annotation. We introduce a Deep Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning (DCSSL) model that integrates a Natural Language Inference (NLI) dataset, a fine-tuned sentence encoder, and data augmentation to enhance the understanding of cyberbullying's nuanced semantics and offensiveness. The DCSSL model effectively captures contextual dependencies and the varied semantic implications inherent in cyberbullying instances, addressing the limitations of manual data annotation processes when compared against established models such as BERT and Bi-LSTM. Our proposed model registers a significant improvement, achieving a macro average F1 score of 0.9231 on cyberbullying datasets, highlighting its applicability in environments where manual annotation is impractical or unavailable.

The morpho-sociolinguistic aspect of the morpheme /-ng∼-eng/ in Sesotho

This is a morpho-sociolinguistic article that adopts a qualitative approach to investigate the attachment of the morpheme /-ng∼-eng/ to Sesotho parts of speech and to determine the validity of the justifications provided for this type of suffixation. The study employs the integrated frameworks of item-and-process and variationist sociolinguistics. It is a known fact that human language is inherently a culturally evolving system. That is, it is not monolithic, but instead, is dynamic or variable. Among the social dynamics stimulating language variability is age. In our everyday experience, we witness a generational gap between youngsters and adults in terms of communication. Adults tend to be conservative, while the youth are innovative in their language use. Through their peer groups, the youth are able to establish new linguistic norms which may diffuse into the wider community. In Sesotho, one such linguistic norm is the current suffixation of /-ng∼-eng/ to some parts of speech to which traditionally it was not suffixed. The article further discusses the semantic implications of the attachment of this suffix and the reaction of the elderly towards it.

THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN FIṬRAH IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

From the perspective of the Qur’an, investigating the concept of human nature becomes an intriguing subject for scientific exploration, with a particular focus on the term “muḥsin”. This word holds a wide range of interpretations within the Qur’an, encompassing both its semantic implications and its relevance to understanding humanity. This pursuit of understanding and learning within the realm of science, especially in academic lectures and research, aims to analyze the correlation between the concept of human nature and Islamic education as they relate to the Qur’an and Ilmud dilalah (the science of semantics). This research is specifically oriented towards qualitative research, utilizing a literature review approach. Data was collected from online sources through literature searches on platforms such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Siendirect. Data analysis involved a meticulous content analysis process. The findings of this study highlight the concept of “fiṭrah” as a divine endowment bestowed upon humans by God, defining their existence. Understanding the meaning of this inherent nature is deemed essential for all individuals, ensuring that God’s gift is not squandered and that one’s full potential is developed. Islamic education plays a pivotal role in this context, serving as a guiding force that helps individuals preserve and direct their innate nature, particularly in fostering trust and confidence in Allah. It emphasizes the importance of nurturing one’s full potential. In Islam, education is not only emphasized but also intricately linked with the philosophy of science when applied to Islamic religious education. It is understood that Islam, as a holistic religion, provides comprehensive guidance and education for Muslims.

VERBS IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

Verbs play a crucial role in the grammatical structure of any language. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of verbs in Uzbek linguistics, examining their morphological, syntactic, and semantic features. We explore the various verb forms, their conjugation patterns, tense, aspect, mood, and voice, along with their syntactic roles and semantic implications. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Uzbek verbs and offer insights into the broader field of Turkic linguistics.

Image schemas and (point)-to-point event model for the macro-event

Abstract The macro-event is a fundamental concept in Talmyan motion event typology. A large literature has been documented concerning the status of a particular language in the two-way typology that he proposes, but relatively little literature focusing on the morphosyntactic dimension of the macro-event per se, let alone on the cognitive motivation of the macro-event. This article analyzes the types of macro-events expressed by directional complement constructions in Mandarin, and argues that the macro-events are image-schema-based. The simple image schemas give rise to a more complex three-event-semantic-model, termed (point)-to-point , or to be more particular, (point a)-to-point b, in which to represents the affecting or intervening event, point a represents the original state of point b, point b is the resulting event. point a is usually implied, not explicitly expressed, so it is put in brackets. This model has advantages over Talmy’s main event and co-event structure in that it can largely predict the meaning-form mapping, and explain more constructions. The findings have some implications for cognitive semantics: In grammar, languages generally prioritize the third event; the complex event model might be motivated by simple image schemas.

An integrated thermal sensation scale for estimating thermal strain in water

Acceptable definitions of thermal sensation for cold and hot water immersion do not exist. The use of subjective thermal sensation scales remains unsolved with broad psycho-physiological, and semantic implications. We hypothesize that perception of thermal sensation could be a valid and reliable indicator for thermal strain during exposure in water. We aimed to provide a theoretical background for behavioral thermoregulation and neurocognition to support an integrated thermal sensation scale for estimation of thermal load during head-out water immersion. This research used a mixed methods approach. Domains were identified and items were measured for thermal load to examine the content validity. Thereafter, we formed an integrated scale based on standard 10,551 of International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Finally, we conducted a pilot study for the face validation of the scale based on a 30 min head-out water immersion at 26 °C in healthy adults (females, n = 4; males, n = 4; age: 22.6 ± 8.0 years; body mass, 67.7 ± 9.5 kg; height, 169.0 ± 5.6 cm). We identified three aspects (environment, physiological and behavioral thermoregulation) and a total of 18 items, of whom eight items (water temperature, immersion duration, core temperature, skin temperature, body heat storage, shivering, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort) were acceptable based on terms of scale-level content validity index (S-CVI = 92 %). Conditions incorporated into our scale included: icy < 12 °C, cold 12–24 °C, cool 24–29 °C, neutral 29–38 °C, warm 38–43 °C, and hot > 43 °C. We found excellent face validity based on a reported homogenous cool feeling and physiological thermoregulatory responses. Our study revealed our model could reasonably characterize body thermal load though whole-body thermal sensation based on well-established thermoregulatory mechanisms during water immersion. Further research is needed to validate the accuracy of our behavioral model in a variety of water temperatures and in a larger sample size.

Leben erzählen: Stefan Zweigs biographisches Erzählen und sein Leben als Gegenstand biographischer Repräsentation

This essay examines the narratological and semantic implications of Stefan Zweig’s biographical narration, demonstrating how the biographical texts and the fictional narratives differ in the degree to which they represent the complexity of the narrated life. This applies in a similar way to biographical literature about Stefan Zweig, which appears in different genres and media in the late modern age. The unifying focus of this essay is the mediality of narration, which draws attention to the given media-aesthetic peculiarities in each case and in sum clarifies the biographical complexity that relates to the narration of life in modernity.

SC-UneXt: Nested UNeXt Architecture based on Medical Image Segmentation

UNet and its various variants are commonly used methods in medical image segmentation tasks; however, many network parameters, complex calculations, and slow usage are problems that need to be overcome. These problems hinder the specific application of fast image segmentation in real-time tasks. At the same time, the lesion area has problems such as small size, irregular shape, and blurred edges, which makes the network feature extraction difficult and the segmentation accuracy needs to be improved. At the same time, medical image segmentation provides a variety of effective methods for the accuracy and robustness of organ segmentation, lesion detection, and classification. Medical images have fixed structures, simple semantics, and diverse details, so integrating rich multi-scale features can improve segmentation accuracy. Given that the density of diseased tissue may be comparable to that of surrounding normal tissue, both global and local information are crucial to segmentation results. To this end, we propose an image segmentation method (SC -UNe X t) based on edge feature extraction and multi-scale feature fusion of convolutional multi-layer perceptron (MLP). The network is a deeply supervised encoder-decoder network, in which the encoder and decoder pass through a series of nested, multiple jump paths to reduce the semantic gap between the feature maps of the encoder and decoder sub-networks.; Multi - scale feature fusion is introduced based on the UNe Finally, we evaluate our model approach on the LIDC dataset public dataset. Experiments have proven the effectiveness of this method. Our model's similarity coefficient and intersection ratio reached 86.44% and 90.86% respectively. Compared with UNet and UNe X t, the network proposed in this article has improved in accuracy, intersection ratio of real values and predicted values, similarity coefficient, and segmentation effect.

Deprecatory Ethnonyms: The Case of Bozgor

Abstract In this study, we wish to debate upon some aspects regarding the lexical and semantic implications of ethnonyms. We aim to analyse the origin and semantics of one of two lexemes used by Romanians to refer to Hungarians: bozgor. Besides a meta-analysis of the term (its emergence, meaning), we also refer to archaic usages and meanings (buzguroi, bozga, bozga, bâzga, etc.). We discard previous theories regarding the meaning and origin of the lexeme. Bozgor is a word that is considered an instance of verbal abuse, mockery, or insult, which displays a significant amount of collectively formed, pejorative connotation. Our hypothesis is that it comes from the Hungarian bodza, in its archaic form and meaning (‘border forest’). Bozgor in its earlier versions came to designate, through semantic extension, ‘inhabitant of the border forest’, ‘Hungarian’. The associative meanings which led to the emergence of its present pejorative status (as an ethnic slur) appeared later. The roots we analyse in the article all share a common denominator of meaning and all have led to a large number of words related to the semantic field of forest both in Romanian and in Hungarian.

A Semantic Implication of Gender Asymmetry of Dyads in Fulfulde Language

This paper analysis the gender asymmetry of Fulfulde language dyads. The principal aim is to examine gender discrimination in the usage of dyads. The research adopts an ethnographic method collection and critical discourse analysis as a theoretical framework. The findings reveal that there’s gender asymmetry of dyads in the Fulfulde language. Dyads that involve masculine and feminine gender pairs, such as superiority, containment, importance, mismatch and sequence. Asymmetry is manifested syntagmatically as the order of the component from an irreversible perspective. It also shows that contrary to the claim made by Moser (1997), there are different factors, which leads to different construction of Fulfulde language.

A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS OF MODALITY IN THE COVID-19 ADDRESSES BY PRESIDENT AKUFFO ADDO

&lt;p&gt;This study aims at investigating the most used modal verbs and their semantic implications on the &lt;em&gt;COVID-19 addresses&lt;/em&gt; delivered by Nana Addo Dankwa Akuffo Addo, the president of the Republic of Ghana. In all, 96,784 running words were culled from thirty (30) presidential addresses to build a specialised corpus for the study. Using the Antconc corpus software, 3.5.9 version, five (5) modal auxiliaries, that is, epistemic and non-epistemic (root) modal verbs were found to constitute the most frequently occurring modals in the &lt;em&gt;presidential COVID-19 addresses&lt;/em&gt;. The analysis revealed five (5) thematic areas which these modal verbs covered - willingness, possibility, prediction, ability, and probability. These thematic areas give an indication that the president showed more commitment to dealing with the pandemic. This was evidenced by the number of times the president used non epistemic modal verbs which demonstrate ability, willingness, and possibility in handling the coronavirus pandemic. Again, the corpus revealed that the president’s measures were on the back of some form of his existing knowledge in dealing with the pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0056/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

‘The consonance of concepts’ &lt;i&gt;bormochet&lt;/i&gt; [mumbles] - &lt;i&gt;prorochit&lt;/i&gt; [prophesies] in V. Nabokov’s &lt;i&gt;The Gift&lt;/i&gt; [Dar

The article sets out to reveal intertextual connections between Nabokov’s novel The Gift [Dar] and the theoretical and literary legacy of Russian futurism perceived through Heavy Lyre [Tyazhyolaya lira], a collection of verse by V. Khodasevich. To do so, the author attempts to demonstrate the implementation of the method called ‘the consonance of concepts’ in The Gift, with the example of the concepts bormochet [mumbles] — prorochit [prophesies], establish their intertextual links to Heavy Lyre, and define the constructive role of ‘the consonance of concepts’ in Nabokov’s works. The extract from the novel that proves crucial for the article’s objective describes F. Godunov-Cherdyntsev’s encounter with a blind beggar, who asks him for money. The extract reveals a reminiscence of the Futurist method of ‘the consonance of concepts’ with the example of the consonant words bos [barefoot] — bog [god], which, in turn, help to decipher the semantic implications of the bormochet — prorochit motifs. V. Cherkasov also identifies the method’s literary and critical functions: pointing to its constructive nature in Khodasevich’s Heavy Lyre, Nabokov reveals the book’s modernist origins.

The polysemy of the Japanese temperature adjective atsui

Abstract This study adopts a corpus-based behavioral profile approach to explore the semantic relationships among the senses of the Japanese temperature adjective atsui (‘hot’). As a result, the hierarchical cluster analysis represents the distributional (dis)similarity of the ten senses of atsui. Average silhouette width suggests a two-cluster interpretation, which reveals that senses derived from the same experience (sensory or subjective) tend to have similar usage characteristics. The discriminating properties of four subclusters and usage characteristics of each sense have been identified by means of computing t-values. Also, the structure of the hypothesized network has been represented based on the distributional (dis)similarity of the ten senses. The relationships among these ten senses and the usage characteristics identified in this study provide insight into Japanese lexicography. Moreover, as the first attempt to apply the behavioral profile to the investigation of Japanese polysemy, this study holds implications for lexical semantics in Japanese.

A morpho-semantic analysis of some Nigerian internet-based slangs

One of the distinguishing features of the Internet language is slang formation and usage among youths in some Internet domains. Such slangs are formed following morphological processes and they are used to convey in-group identity and meaning. In the light of the above, this paper undertakes a morphological analysis of some Internet-based slangs with a view to uncover the morphological processes of slang formation on the Internet and the semantic implication of such slangs. Twenty slangs were sourced from some Internet domains for this study, and it adopts Bauer’s (2004) Morphological Productivity with insights from Booij’s (2010) Construction Morphology as its theoretical framework. The findings reveal that Internet slangs as a means of forming in-group identity follow varied morphological processes with varied semantic implications which reflect the social context and the topic of interaction within the group.