Simple Descriptive Study Research Articles

Learning about Partographs for Fifth Semester Students of STIKes Salsabila

Maternal mortality is still very high every year. One way to reduce the death rate is to increase the knowledge of health workers, in an effort to detect early labor, namely by using a partograph. Remembering that the function of the partograph is to record the results of observations and progress of labor and detect whether the labor process is progressing normally. In this way, early detection can also be carried out for any possibility of prolonged labor. The aim of this research is to provide learning about partographs to students in Semester V of STIKes Salsabila based on their ability to source information, length of study, experience in filling out partographs when assisting with childbirth, applying partographs, and experience in practice. This research is a simple descriptive study, using a sample of 92 fifth semester female students as research objects. The results of the research can be concluded that learning about partography for Semester V female students can be categorized as good. The researcher's advice to female students is to maintain and improve their abilities regarding partography

Learning foreign languages online: A case of Chinese language learners in Ghana in the era of COVID -19

E-learning has gained prominence in education institutions across the world. Teaching and learning of the Chinese language at the University of Ghana has been done online due to the university’s announcement to use e-learning to curb the spread of the coronavirus. The aim of this paper is to investigate the online experiences of students learning Chinese language at the University of Ghana in the era of COVID -19. A structured questionnaire was employed using a simple descriptive case study to obtain the research information. The study selected two hundred and fifty (250) Chinese language learners who responded to the research questionnaires. Findings showed that the majority of the students desired to have training in e-learning because they considered it very useful since it enabled them to learn at their own pace and convenience. Most students shared that they have adequate skills in computing. The study also established that e-learning has become a new way of teaching and the study recommends adaptability in studying Chinese language through the internet.

Risk factors associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Boyacá and Cundinamarca municipalities, Colombia.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a virus of the Retroviridae family. The infection is distributed worldwide, and a high percentage of animals infected by the BLV are asymptomatic and act as carriers of the virus in many cattle populations. To identify the risk factors associated with EBL in the municipalities of Boyacá and Cundinamarca (Colombia). A simple descriptive cross-sectional study with random sampling was conducted. A total of 1,140 blood samples were taken from cattle (females and males) from the municipalities of Chiquinquirá, Ubaté, and San Miguel de Sema of different breeds and age groups. The samples were processed using the commercial ELISA SERELISA® BLV Ab Mono Blocking kit (sensitivity 97%, specificity 98%). The data were processed with the statistical programs WinEpi and Epi Info® version 7.2.4.0, estimating the prevalence ratio, implementing the chi-square test (p ≤ 0.05) and logistic regression. A true prevalence (TP) and apparent prevalence (AP) of 23.61% and 22.7% in Ubaté, 19.22% and 18.1% in Chiquinquirá, and 15.61% and 14.3% in San Miguel de Sema, respectively, were established. Bovines 2-4 years old were the most prevalent in Ubaté and Chiquinquirá (37.5% and 21.21%, respectively), while in San Miguel de Sema individuals >4 years had the highest percentage of antibodies (18.3%). The Holstein breed had a higher prevalence in Ubaté and San Miguel de Sema (26.02% and 19.67%), and crossbreeds were more BLV-seroprevalence in Chiquinquirá (20.20%). In Ubaté, re-use of needles was identified as a risk factor, contaminated blood in needles is considered one of the main routes of transmission. On the other hand, manual milking was identified as a risk factor in San Miguel de Sema. The non-implementation of an individual needle per animal in Ubaté; the Holstein breed and manual milking in San Miguel de Sema were identified as risk factors for the presence of antibodies against the disease. EBL prevention and control plans should be established that focus on the implementation of management and sanitary practices based on herd biosecurity.

Predisposing Factors of Anaemia among Pregnant Mothers with ≤ 12 Weeks of POA Receiving Antenatal Care in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka

Background: Anaemia in pregnant mothers is associated with increased rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, identifying predisposing factors of anaemia in pregnant mothers is essential for results based intervention modalities. The aim of this study was to describe the predisposing factors for anemia and its related factors among pregnant mothers. Objectives: To describe the prevalence and the predisposing factors for anemia in pregnant mothers in the Eastern Province. Methods: Simple descriptive cross-sectional study included 1334 pregnant mothers in first trimester. Pre-tested, structured questionnaire and Qualitative components such as Focus group discussion, In-depth interviews, and Key informant interviews were conducted to relevant participants and care providers. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 32.9% (439/1334). Among 439 mothers with anaemia, 87.24% had mild level anaemia, 12.53% had moderate level anaemia, and 0.23% with severe anaemia. Following factors were related to the high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant mothers such as recurrent miscarriages three or more, increased number of gravidity, marital age of less than 18 years, and pregnancy after the age of 30, mothers studied up to primary level of education and with body mass index of < 18.5. In-Depth Interview pointed numerous supporting issues such as less value for nutrition and it related diseases among service providers, availability and adequacy of services for nutrition awareness and modification. Discussion: Association of anaemia was found to be more significant in the age group of <20 years and >35 years. Analyzing possible predisposing factors shown, dietary habit, medical condition, number of pregnancy, and miscarriage are some positive contributing factors for anaemia during the pregnancy. Focus group discussion of PHM revealed service related issues such as inadequacy of facilities and manpower, maldistribution of service providers and area specific problems in remote areas. FGD conducted to pregnant mother’s revealed negligence by service provider, lack of communication, and less priority for nutrition enhancement are identified as predisposing factors. Both types of evaluation show the education status of mothers and spouse play key role of iron deficiency anaemia. They gave less priority for control of anaemia, even most of them not bother about their nutritional status.

Knowledge About Intake and Output Documentation among the Nursing Staffs of Dhulikhel Hospital

Introduction: Documentation of intake and output is written or electronically generated information about client’s all the fluid that goes into and is eliminated from the patient’s body. Fluid balance monitoring and documentation is a challenging area in nursing practice, since patients’ management plan for surgery, renal, cardiac, and acute gastrointestinal disease depends on the nurse’s documentation, it is hence of medical and ethical importance. Thus, we intend to assess the knowledge about intake and output documentation among the nursing staff of Dhulikhel Hospital.Materials and Methods: A simple descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the 100 nursing staff using the stratified random technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used. T-test was used for comparison. Respondents’ knowledge was analyzed by using the software SPSS 16.0. Results: This study showed the mean knowledge percentage score of nursing staff working in Dhulikhel Hospital was 59.25%. There was a significant difference in mean knowledge score between respondents with a Certificate Level in Nursing and Bachelor level (p= 0.008), between respondents of Surgical Units and Non-Surgical Units (p= 0.001). Other variables like personal experience and previous in-service or education on intake and output documentation did not have any significant difference in mean knowledge score.Conclusion: The findings of the study suggested that the knowledge regarding intake and output documentation among nursing staff was average.

The identified patterns of utilization/non utilization of institutional facility for delivery by women of rural community

A simple descriptive study using the survey to determine the utilization pattern of institutional facility for childbirth by women in certain rural communities in West Bengal. The objectives were to identify the reasons for institutional & home delivery & seeking association between the institutional facility utilization pattern for delivery with selected demographic factors. A sample of 572 mothers were selected& the tool was a personal and obstetric interview schedule and 20 needs-based questions. The proportion of institutional and home delivery found to be 3:7. The reasons for institutional delivery were the availability of health care staff (67% nurses), health care workers motivated the choice(100%), the distances of health centre were less than 4 km (60%), the expenses were reasonable (73%), no obstetric/medical or disease history (80%) and no psychosocial beliefs were associated. The reasons identified for home childbirth were the easy availability of traditional birth attendants (52%), didn’t receive any information or motivation from health workers (71%), the distances of health facility were over 4 km (80%), the spending was smaller (90%)at home, the decision-making authority waste in-laws (74%), psychosocial believes were associated (60%) with delivery.

<br/> CONHECIMENTO DO UTENTE COM DOENÇA PULMONAR OBSTRUTIVA CRÓNICA SOBRE A DOENÇA E O AUTOCUIDADO <br/>

Introduction : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic respiratory disease, progressively incapacitating, which requires the user to undergo a complex therapeutic regimen. Given the implications, it is essential that the user acquire knowledge about the disease that enhances self-care and self-management, which instills significance in the promotion of health literacy, as a health-promoting strategy. This study aimed to analyze the user's knowledge about the disease, self-care and disease management. Method : This is a simple descriptive study, the target population was six users with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the area covered by a Community Care Unit in the municipality of Beja. A convenience sample was constituted, with inclusion and exclusion criteria and the data collection instrument used was the semi-structured interview, carried out in April 2021. Data collection began after a favorable opinion from the Ethics Committee of the Local Health Unit of Baixo Alentejo. Results : Data were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique, using an inductive categorization strategy. The following categories emerged from the analysis: lack of knowledge about the disease; deficit of knowledge about self-care; lack of knowledge about disease management. Conclusion : It was concluded that users, in addition to presenting a deficit of knowledge about the disease, self-care and disease management, also present compromised leisure activities. Keywords : Health Literacy; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Self Care; Self-Management.

Фармакоэпидемиологический анализ использования пероральных гипогликемических препаратов: факторы влияющие на эффективность фармакотерапии сахарного диабета 2 типа

As a result of the pharmacoepidemiological study, factors have been established that make it possible to increase the effectiveness of hypoglycemic therapy and the compliance of patients with diabetes mellitus in Kyrgyzstan. The structure of the prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents was investigated; the assessment, according to the results of the questionnaire of patients, was given of the effectiveness of the hypoglycemic therapy they received, as well as the level of its compliance with modern medical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. At the time of filling out the questionnaire, only 44% of respondents had a target fasting glucose level (≤7 mmol/l). According to the data obtained, it can be concluded that in real clinical practice, the effectiveness of diabetes treatment remains low. We have obtained data that 47.8% of patients with diabetes are not adherent to treatment, which may also contribute to a rather low percentage of patients among the respondents who have reached the target blood glucose level. As for the use of drugs, the analysis of the data showed that the majority of patients (62.81%) receive monotherapy with oral hypoglycemic agents. According to the analysis, metformin is the most commonly used drug among the oral hypoglycemic agents. It is accepted by 60.1% of the respondents. Most diabetic patients spend 1000 som or more per month on oral hypoglycemic agents. Taking into account the cost of living in the country, it can be concluded that the acquisition of oral hypoglycemic agents significantly affects the budget of citizens and that there are problems with the economic availability of oral hypoglycemic agents. The results of our research indicate the insufficient effectiveness of the treatment and prophylactic measures for type 2 diabetes in our country, requiring more active work in this direction. The work was carried out in the design of a simple one-step prospective descriptive epidemiological study within the framework of a pharmacoepidemiological study.

The Effect of the Coronavirus Outbreak on Childhood Vaccinations Made in Family Health Centers in Turkey

Aim: In our country, children are routinely vaccinated against 13 diseases, free of charge, with a total of 18 doses between the ages of 0-2. In this study, New Type CoronaVirus Disease (COVID-19) is targeted to identify the outbreak's impact on vaccination rates in Turkey.Method: Our study is a simple descriptive cross-sectional study. The data of the study were evaluated retrospectively. The units who agreed to participate and share data were listed, and one of every ten units was selected randomly, and the data of eleven family Medicine Units were included in the study.Results: The decrease in the number of outpatient clinics in April 2020 was statistically significant. Vaccination rates decreased slightly in March and April but no statistically significant difference was found.Conclusion: In order to maintain the vaccination rates not to decrease even in pandemic cases detected in our study, especially primary health care workers will continue to work with devotion.

Lise Öğrencilerinde Fiziksel Şikâyetler İnternet Bağımlılığı Belirtisi Olabilir mi?

Background: The aim of this study is to measure the level of internet addiction among high school adolescents and to determine the relationship between their time spent on the internet and the back and neck pain and eye health problems they experience.Methods: The study is a simple cross-sectional descriptive study. 8926 high school students participated in the study. Students were selected by cluster sampling method pursuant to their gender, school type, and grade distributions. Young's short internet addiction test (IAT) that was adapted to Turkish was utilized. Results: The average internet addiction score of the students was 26.88 ± 8.80. While the ratio of students with a high risk of addiction was 44.3% (n=3950), the ratio of those, who were addicted, was 15.7% (n=1400). A significant positive correlation was found between the addiction level and the lower back, neck pain and eye disorders. (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001) The smartphone possession rate of students was 96.4% (n=8606). There was a significant positive correlation between having a smartphone and the level of addiction, neck pain, and eye complaints. (p=0.005; p=0.002; p=0.003, respectively)The ratio of students, who have a computer at home, was 79.8% (n=7122). Eye complaints were found to be significantly higher in those, who had a computer at home (p<0.001).Conclusion: Internet addiction is an important and common problem among adolescents. Internet addiction increases, as the age of adolescents increases. Smartphones are the most important risk factor for the spread of internet addiction. Internet addiction leads to muscle-joint pain, and eye-related symptoms.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES OF BASIC HEALTH UNITS OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR

ABSTRACT
 Objectives:
 To assess the quality of service provision of different Basic Health Units of district Peshawar.
 Materials and Methods:
 It was a simple descriptive Cross-sectional study which was carried out in 06 months duration. A total of 08 BHUs of district Peshawar were included in the study using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through a semi structured questionnaire, direct observation and discussions with the respondents. The data was analyzed through SPSS version22. The data was presented using tables and graphs.
 Results:
 In depth analysis of the various facilities in BHUs were done. 8 BHUs were selected. Availability of medicines in BHUs was 12%. 75% of the BHUs had a clean continuous supply of drinking water whereas 50% had less than one hour of electricity per day. Also 76% of the patients were satisfied with the healthcare. Patients were mostly satisfied as far as staff behavior and convenience was concerned. However, 91% agreed that there is still room for improvement.
 Conclusion:
 Main issues found in all of the BHUs was non-availability of medicines, electricity problem, and sometimes non-availability of doctors.
 Keywords:
 BHU, quality assessment, service provision

Assessment of Efficacy of Hayman Suture Technique in Management of Intraoperative Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the Hayman suture technique in the management of intraoperative atonic postpartum hemorrhage thus reducing maternal morbidity and mortality.
 Study Design: Simple Descriptive study.
 Materials and Method: A simple descriptive observational study was conducted at Farooq Hospital and AIT, Lahore. The study included all patients with intraoperative atonic PPH after elective and emergency caesarean sections, during the study period, in whom medical management of PPH failed and Hayman suture was applied.
 Results: Hayman suture was 97.5% successful in controlling primary PPH due to intraoperative uterine atony. It failed in only one patient (2.5%) and that patient needed a hysterectomy.
 Conclusion: Hayman suture is an effective and quick technique in controlling primary PPH due to intraoperative uterine atony. It is an effective surgical technique after failure of conservative medical management. It is easy to apply and can be applied by Postgraduate trainees and registrar in emergency as lifesaving procedure.

PATTERN OF ANTI EPILEPTIC DRUG ADVERSE EFFECT IN TERTIARY REFERRAL HOSPITAL

Background: Epilepsy is a major chronic neurological problem in the world. The goal of epilepsy therapy is seizure-free and without side effects. The emergence of side effects in patients with epilepsy will be its limitations that can cause the failure of epilepsy therapy. Therefore, it is necessary to do a simple descriptive study, which illustrates the pattern of side effects of anti-epileptic drugs that occur in people with epilepsy, so that later clinicians are more alert and can take preventative measures.Objective: Knowing the pattern of side effects of antiepileptic drugs at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic dr. Saiful Anwar hospital.Methods: This research is an observational descriptive study. Samples were taken by filling the questionnaire at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic dr. Saiful Anwar hospital. Demographic data in this study will be presented in the frequency distribution table. Chi Square test is used to determine the relationship of demographic data, also the pattern of therapy with the side effects that arise.Results: 93 epilepsy patients were involved in the study. More than 40% of patients experience side effects. The most common side effects appear in idiopathic epilepsy (30.1%). Based on the duration of epilepsy, the most side effects appear in epilepsy duration> 10 years (17.2%). However, from the results of the influence test using chi square, there was no significant difference between the duration of epilepsy with the appearance of side effects, even the type of epilepsy (p-value> 0.05). 28 patients who experience side effects, appear after the duration of use of AED 1 - 5 years. It was found that the duration of AED uses affected the emergence of side effects (p-value <0.05).Conclusion: Side effects occur in patients taking anti-epileptic drugs, and are related to the duration of drug use. This data can be used to increase the awareness of clinicians related to the emergence of side effects in patients who consume AED.

Opinions of Students in the Field of Health About the Sexuality of Individuals with Disability

Sexuality is an important aspect of quality of life, but it is also an area where problems often cluster in individuals with disabilities. Attitudes towards the sexual life of people with disabilities may make it difficult for them to find solutions to their problems, meanwhile increasing their problems. This study aimed to determine the opinions of students who will provide health counseling services in the future on the sexuality of people with disabilities. A total of 498 university students (83.8% of the target population) in the field of health submitted verbal consent for participating in this descriptive study. The items that the students agreed on the sexuality of people with disabilities and the distributions of the percentage of the items were as follows: “Do you think that the sexuality of people with disabilities is overlooked, ignored, or suppressed in society?” (57.5%); “Do you think sexual health is an important aspect affecting the life quality of people with disabilities?” (52.1%); “Do you think the interruption of sexual activity in people with disabilities is due to social and psychological factors rather than biological and physical factors?” (52.6%); and “Do you think that sexuality is often neglected when the history of patients with disabilities is taken in healthcare institutions?” (49.1%). On the other hand, the items that the students disagreed on were as follows: “Do you feel uncomfortable when answering questions on sexuality?” (45.0%); “Will you give sex education if you get the necessary education?” (44.4%); and “Is sexual education given in school and family sufficient?” (62.8%). Also, only 11.2% of the students were found to have knowledge of sexuality in people with disabilities. The results of this simple descriptive study can contribute to the development of health care services and the educational curriculum on the sexuality of people with disabilities.

A Descriptive Study to assess the level of Knowledge regarding Consequences of Internet Addiction among Adolescents in SGRR Public School, Patel Nagar, Dehradun

A descriptive study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge regarding consequences of internet addiction among adolescents in SGRR Public School, Patel Nagar, Dehradun. A simple descriptive study design with cross sectional survey method was used for this study. The setting of the study was SGRR public school at Dehradun. Population for the present study was adolescents from the private public school. The samples for the present study were comprised of 60 adolescent school children selected by purposive sampling technique. The tool used for data collection is questionnaire. The percentage wise distribution shows that highest percentage (75%) of the samples were having average knowledge regarding consequences, (23%) of them were having good knowledge whereas only (2%) of them were having poor knowledge. It shows that the samples were having previous knowledge regarding the topic. The overall mean score of knowledge regarding consequences of internet addiction among samples was 21.45 and standard deviation was 4.918. There was no association between the level of knowledge regarding consequences of internet addiction with their selected demographic variables.

Differentiation and Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Causing Pulmonary Tuberculosis across North Central Nigeria

Aims: To differentiate and Characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causing pulmonary tuberculosis across North Central Nigeria
 Study Design: This was a simple descriptive health-based study that involved clinically suspected tuberculosis patients who were referred to two selected General Hospitals for diagnosis in each of the states across North Central Nigeria.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the North Central zone of Nigeria and it included all the seven States across North Central Nigeria using two General Hospitals per state. The study included 371 positive sputum samples drawn from 2800 suspected pulmonary TB patients between 2017 and 2018.
 Methodology: A total of 371 GeneXpert positive sputa for TB were decontaminated using N Acetyl Cysteine and Sodium Hydroxide under a level 3 Bio-safety cabinet and the resulting sediment was cultured on Lowestein- Jensen (LJ) media containing glycerol and pyruvate at 37ºC in a slanted position, SD- Bioline (TB Ag MPT 64) for the differentiation of MTBC from NTM was carried out using the isolates from LJ culture. Evaluation of speciation was done using Line Probe Assay to determine the predominant species of MTBC. All the protocols used in this study followed the manufacturer’s manual strictly.
 Results: A total of 371 decontaminated positive GeneXpert sputa derived from 2800 suspected PTB participants were cultured on Lowestein- Jensen (LJ) medium and 302(81.40%) was found positive while 69(18.60%) were found negative. Out of the culture positive isolates, 288 (95.36%) isolates were detected on SD-BIOLINE TB Ag MPT 64 ® assay for MTBC and 14 (4.64%) as NTM. Of the 288 MTBC, three different species were identified; 272 (94.64%) were M. tuberculosis/M. Canetti, 7 (2.43%) were M. africanum and 9(3.13) showed a no MTBC reaction band on all the samples that were analysed.
 Conclusion: Differentiations of MTBC from NTM has help to re-confirm that not all symptoms of pulmonary infection are caused by MTBC but NTM are implicated due to their distribution in the environment, however, molecular characterisation method has narrow our findings down to M. tuberculosis/M. canettii as the predominant specie of MTBC circulating in the region, although, M. africaum was also detected and these two species of MTBC are the leading cause of pulmonary tuberculosis across all the North Central state of Nigeria.

Facial skin cancer reconstructive and cosmetic outcomes: Analysis with algorithm for its management.

Management of facial skin cancer and its complications is important research topics needing continuous update to improve the outcome. The study is to share our findings with surgeons and healthcare providers. The authors provide their efforts by pooling data from multiple institutions; as reporting surgical outcomes is significantly lacking and much needed in the Middle East and North Africa region in order to meaningfully improve quality of care. This study proposes an algorithm for management that could aid a surgical decision-making for reconstruction of defects after excision of facial skin cancer. Retrograde simple descriptive analysis study is conducted for multicenter data about management of facial skin cancer and its cosmetic outcome. The analysis involves 159 male patients and 95 females. Nonmelanoma skin cancer was reported in 250 (98.4%) of 254 cases. Reconstructive procedures were complicated in 16 cases (~6.3% of the study). Skin cancer recurrence in head and neck has happened in five cases (~1.9% of the study). Flaps used survived without major complications; however, V-Y advancement flaps showed the best aesthetic outcome. This study reports data in order to meaningfully improve the quality of care. Disease incidence, reconstructive complications, recurrences, and aesthetic outcome of facial skin cancer are included in the study. Based on the data pooling, the study proposes a simple treatment algorithm that could aid in surgical decision-making. V-Y advancement flaps showed the best aesthetic outcome.

The Transferability and Mobilisability of Transnational Resources: <i>The case of Turkish entrepreneurs in Finland</i>

The article presents results from research on migrant entrepreneurs from Turkey in Finland. Previous research on migrant entrepreneurship indicates that transnational ties may play a role in the running of migrant businesses. In this article, I argue that there is a need to analytically make a distinction between the transferability and the mobilisability of transnational social resources. Distinguishing between the two concepts makes it possible to analyse the utilisation of transnational resources more specifically than a simple descriptive study of transnational ties would allow. To focus solely on the existence of transnationalism might overlook the fact that not all ties and resources can necessarily be utilised by migrants in a given social context characterised by unequal power relations. My research results suggest that a consideration of broader networks of power, including state policies, provides a key to understanding how transnational social resources can be utilised among entrepreneurs in Finland.

A Simple Descriptive Study of Osteoarthritis among Libyan Patients who were Examined at the Jordanian Field Hospital in Benghazi City/ Libya

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic arthritis impacts health parameters and quality of life. It affects old age, but it can occur in adults of any age...

Análisis perceptivo auditivo de la voz de las docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación – UNIFÉ

The objective of the present work was to determine how the voice quality of the teachers of the Faculty of Education of UNIFE is found. This present research is a simple descriptive study. The sample has 35 university teachers whose ages oscillate among 20 and 73 years; and between 04 and 53 years of service. A survey and an auditory perceptual protocol were evaluated individually. The auditory perceptual analysis evaluated: a) Pitch, b) Loudness, c) Maximum phonation time, d)Vocal quality of the participants. In most of the teachers we found vocal disorders. It is evident that some teachers introduced severe Pitch, as well as teachers with strong and weak loudness. With regard to the maximum phonation time, they presented an average under the standard. In terms of vocal quality, most teachers presented a right voice; nevertheless, teachers were found with hoarse, whispered and infantilized voice. In the relation of the service time and the voice quality, there was no relation with these parameters. Most of the teachers correspond to 77.1% obtained vocal parameters within normal limits.