Simple Data Research Articles

Preliminary Study of Organic Farming Practices in Southern Rajasthan, India

In the present age of global warming and changing climatic scenario, agriculture has to be more eco- friendly with resource-conserving technologies for achieving the sustainable food-livelihood-environmental security. With growing awareness on food safety and health issue, demand for organically produced products increased drastically. To understand the economics and status of Organic Farming practices, a case study was conducted in Southern Rajasthan in the year 2020-21. A convenient sample of 317 organic cultivators were selected through multistage simple random sampling technique and data were collected through a pretested questionnaire along with semi structured interviews. Preliminary study shows that the net returns per hectare received from organic farming were relatively higher or good enough as compare to conventional counterparts. An increasing trend of growing organic products were observed during the study period. The major constraints identified by the organic cultivators were non-availability of labour and organic certification followed by the high wage rate and insect pest attacks. Sustainable efforts from government organizations, research institutes, marketing cells, progressive cultivators, dealers, and policy makers are necessary for successful adoption of the organic farming.

ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CRISIS AND NIGERIA’S FEDERALISM: A STUDY OF JOS NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, PLATEAU STATE

Ethnic, political and religious crises are challenging Nigeria’s existence and its democracy. The issues at stake question Nigeria’s ethno-religious crisis and federalism: a study of the Jos North Municipality in Plateau State. The study adopts the survey design and the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The analysis was performed using the simple percentage data analysis method. After careful analysis and interpretation of the data collected, it was found that issues such as the federal character, the quota system, and “indigenousness” that have entered the vocabulary and practice of federalism in Nigeria tend to generate ethnic, religious, and ultimately political tensions and instability. This calls into question the rationality of introducing the federal character principle in the first place. The research also shows that the federal character principle has had a negative impact on political, social and economic development in the Jos North Local Government Area. In the final presentation, the study recommends, among other things, strict compliance with the constitutional provisions on citizenship rights in relation to indigenous colonisation issues.

Analysis of Mathematics Learning in the Implementation of The Merdeka Curriculum at Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya Integrated Islamic Elementary School

Background: The implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in schools, especially at muhammadiyah palangka raya integrated islamic elementary school has become a concern. This is because the results of initial observations found that teacher and student activities during learning could not support student learning outcomes, especially in Mathematics learning. Thus, it is important to analyze mathematics learning in implementing the Merdeka curriculum at muhammadiyah palangka raya integrated islamic elementary school. Aim: Aim of this research is to describe the analysis of mathematics learning in implementing the independent curriculum at SD IT Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya. Method: This type of research is a type of qualitative research where the data that is found will be described according to the research focus. Data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. The data that has been collected is then analyzed and reduced using data simplification and retrieval of supporting data in this research so that the conclusions drawn can be justified. Results and Dıscussion: The results of the research show that mathematics learning in implementing the independent curriculum has been carried out well at muhammadiyah palangka raya integrated islamic elementary school. This can be seen from the preparation and implementation stages which have gone well. Conclusion: Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya integrated Islamic Elementary School has implemented mathematics education well as part of its Merdeka curriculum. This is evident from the proficient execution of the majority of preparation and learning components.

CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND FOR THE FORMATION OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN THE GERMAN PHILOSOPHY OF THE 19th CENTURY

An early stage in the development of phenomenology, as a matter of fact, is considered, which completes a long, foldable and richly planned process, within the framework of which a new philosophical methodology was formed. Among the concepts of phenomenology, the concept of intentionality is especially distinguished, as it is not only the basic characteristic of all mental acts of a person, but also a rethinking prompting ontology of wisdom. The basic provisions of the phenomenological theory of information are not in themselves an intentional principle, which changes the traditional for that hour the understanding of information as a mental interpretation of speeches. F. Brentano's position forces us to talk about certain ontological levels that are associated with a greater or lesser obviousness of real or mental objects. The general thesis proposed here is that phenomenology is not the creation of a single, even brilliant, thinker, but is a doctrine that completes a rather long, complex and multifaceted process within which a new philosophical position was formed. In this sense, it can be argued that the emergence of the phenomenological method was prepared by the entire development of European philosophy, in each stage of which one can find points of formation of the phenomenological method or points of thematic intersection with phenomenology. In this respect, phenomenology is not just a philosophical «invention», another» «system», but a doctrine that emerged at the intersection of rational and empirical theories of New European philosophy, starting in the nineteenth century. At an early stage of phenomenology's development, an important conceptual basis for building a scientific psychology that wants to consider mental phenomena in any meaningful way is revealed. This basis is contained in the concept of intentionality, which is fundamental to the construction and development of phenomenological discourse. However, it would be a mistake to treat intentional objects as products of the imagination or simple empirical data that psychology usually deals with. In a certain sense, an intentional object is not a psychological phenomenon, but one of the constituent elements of the original ontology, a material, a brick, which consistently makes up any ontological structure. Thus, already at the stage of the formation of the phenomenological doctrine, the contours and priorities of a new philosophy were determined, which positioned itself as a philosophy of consciousness and should be read as a prerequisite for the construction of a fundamental ontology.

Performance analysis of REST API technologies using Spring and Express.js examples

The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of two technologies for building applications in REST architecture. A Java-based development framework - Spring, and a framework designed for JavaScript language and Node environment - Express.js were analyzed. The test application was designed and implemented in both studied technologies. Using the Apache JMeter tool, HTTP request processing times were measured by operating on simple text data. The experiment was based on 5 scenarios repeated for a different number of users in the range of 10 to 100, with a constant number of executed requests to the server. The analysis conducted showed that the application implemented in Express.js handles HTTP requests up to 249% more efficiently than its counterpart in Spring.

The Effect of Teams Games Tournament Assisted by Flipcharts on the Cognitive Abilities of Elementary School Students

The problem of the lack of teacher innovation in learning is the main factor in the occurrence of a boring classroom atmosphere, so students often experience difficulties in learning certain materials. The objective of this study is to determine the cognitive abilities of elementary school students by using media and a cooperative learning model of teams games tournament. This research was conducted at SDN Wunut II Porong. True-Experimental Design with Posttest-Only Control Group Design, using quantitative research type. The sample of this study was class VI consisting of 30 students using simple random sampling data collection using instruments in multiple-choice tests containing indicators of the cognitive domain. The results showed that when compared to the posttest value of the control class using the lecture method, the experimental class using the teams games tournament type cooperative learning model assisted by flipchart had a superior value on students' cognitive abilities. It is anticipated that using the teams games tournament learning paradigm to social studies content using flipcharts will enhance student learning outcomes and strengthen cognitive skills. The success is influenced by students who are actively involved in games and competitions so as to make students excited in the learning process.

Real-Time Machine Learning for Human Activities Recognition Based on Wrist-Worn Wearable Devices

Wearable technologies have slowly invaded our lives and can easily help with our day-to-day tasks. One area where wearable devices can shine is in human activity recognition, as they can gather sensor data in a non-intrusive way. We describe a real-time activity recognition system based on a common wearable device: a smartwatch. This is one of the most inconspicuous devices suitable for activity recognition as it is very common and worn for extensive periods of time. We propose a human activity recognition system that is extensible, due to the wide range of sensing devices that can be integrated, and that provides a flexible deployment system. The machine learning component recognizes activity based on plot images generated from raw sensor data. This service is exposed as a Web API that can be deployed locally or directly in the cloud. The proposed system aims to simplify the human activity recognition process by exposing such capabilities via a web API. This web API can be consumed by small-network-enabled wearable devices, even with basic processing capabilities, by leveraging a simple data contract interface and using raw data. The system replaces extensive pre-processing by leveraging high performance image recognition based on plot images generated from raw sensor data. We have managed to obtain an activity recognition rate of 94.89% and to implement a fully functional real-time human activity recognition system.

The Learning of Arabic Speaking Skills With Constructive Theory Perspective

The purpose of this research was to find out the concrete form of Arabic speaking skills learning with the perspective of constructivism theory at Institut Agama Islam Al-Qodiri Jember (IAI Al-Qodiri Jember), how the class setting, the learning process, and the products produced by students after learning. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used observation and interviews. The data analysis used in this research is Miles and Huberman's data analysis theory, which includes: data collection, data simplification, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study concluded that: first, the class setting in Arabic speaking skills learning with the perspective of constructivism theory by the way the lecturer arranges the chairs in the class into groups. So, students can interact actively by practicing Arabic communication. Second, the process of learning Arabic speaking skill with a constructivist approach consists of three stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation, all of which focus on constructivist learning by paying attention to the principles contained therein. Third, the product produced by students in this lecture is a language conversation video as a concrete form of the construct results of students' thoughts about the Arabic conversation concepts they make. The process of learning Arabic speaking skills through the methods above can make students master 21st-century skills including creative thinking, communication, and collaboration.

Pricing on Consumer Purchasing Decisions at Coffee Shop in East Jakarta

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pricing on purchasing decisions at the East Jakarta Bro and Brew coffee shop. Quantitative descriptive is the method used in this research. The population is 6,800 consumers at the Bro and Brew coffee shop and 100 consumers are respondents who use the Slovin formula. The questionnaire as a container for obtaining primary data for this study used a Likeart scale using the SPSS version 26 program, namely the reliability test of the model with the Cronbach Alpha formula, a simple linear regression data analysis technique. The results of testing the hypothesis obtained a positive slope value of 3.461, which means that there is a significant influence between price on consumer purchasing decisions with an influence level of 80%, it can be said that the price hypothesis test influences consumer decisions (Ho is rejected) at the Bro and Brew coffee shop, East Jakarta.

Ensemble forecasts in reproducing kernel Hilbert space family

A methodological framework for ensemble-based estimation and simulation of high dimensional dynamical systems such as the oceanic or atmospheric flows is proposed. To that end, the dynamical system is embedded in a family of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) with kernel functions driven by the dynamics. In the RKHS family, the Koopman and Perron–Frobenius operators are unitary and uniformly continuous. This property warrants they can be expressed in exponential series of diagonalizable bounded evolution operators defined from their infinitesimal generators. Access to Lyapunov exponents and to exact ensemble based expressions of the tangent linear dynamics are directly available as well. The RKHS family enables us the devise of strikingly simple ensemble data assimilation methods for trajectory reconstructions in terms of constant-in-time linear combinations of trajectory samples. Such an embarrassingly simple strategy is made possible through a fully justified superposition principle ensuing from several fundamental theorems.

Three-dimensional partition-of-unity generalized node method for the simulation of fractured rock mass

A three-dimensional (3D) partition-of-unity (PU) generalized node method (GNM) is developed for the simulation of fractured rock mass. In the 3D PUGNM, generalized nodes with independent deformations are directly defined on the isolated blocks to simplify the construction of PU approximations in 3D problems. The explicitly representing of polyhedral blocks with complex geometric shapes by a proper topological structure, the computational geometric algorithms for block cutting, and the subdivision of integration tetrahedrons adapting to physical boundaries are totally avoided in the present 3D PUGNM, and thus the bottleneck problems encountered in the existing PU methods for three dimensions have been well solved. The present 3D PUGNM has the advantages of simple data structure, strong robustness, and convenient numerical implementation, and paves the way for promising application in various engineering problems. Several numerical examples are tested to demonstrate the accuracy, correctness and robustness of the proposed method.

PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT SC JOHNSON AND SON

This research aims to test and determine the influence of organizational culture and competency on employee performance simultaneously and partially. Research was conducted on employees of PT. SC Johnson and Son Indonesia. The sampling technique used simple random sampling and data analysis used multiple and simple linear regression analysis. The results of the research showed that organizational culture and competency had a positive and significant effect both simultaneously and partially on employee performance.

Non-destructive testing of concrete layer adhesion by means of vibration measurement

A common practice in the construction of the garage floors of residential and office buildings is the construction of the concrete slab in two steps: one thick layer at the beginning of the work, a second thin layer at the end of it. This procedure saves time but also brings in the problem of a cold joint between the two layers which, eventually, may get loose or even split. However it is difficult to control the status of the concrete layers until they are completely split unless one make use of destructive tests such as the extraction of test samples.In this paper we demonstrate the use of vibrational data to assess and control the status of the joint between the two layers. To that end we have carried out two series of experiments.The first one is an experimental procedure in the laboratory with the goal to see if vibrational data are able to distinguish among different levels of fixation between the two layers. We use a concrete slab as the thick layer and a MDF board as the thin layer, bonded by means of gypsum plaster. Different amounts of the surface covered by the gypsum plaster give different levels of fixation between the layers. For each configuration we produced vibration with a standard tapping machine and measured it with the aid of a vibrometer. Our results are positive; with a simple test vibrational data can distinguish whether two layers are fixed by 25% or less, by 50% or by 100% of their surface. With the laboratory results we have designed a non-destructive test to be carried on in-situ measurements so as to ascertain the level of fixation of two layers of a concrete slab. The test is based on the installations described in Annex A of ISO 16251-1, so that it does not require large investments or facilities. It is able to cope with different kind of data and is independent of the characteristics of the slab thanks to the statistics tools applied to the data.The second one is the application of the test to data measured in an actual building with the aforementioned problem in its garage floor. We measured vibration induced by a different source, a car passing by, and in several locations, both with loose and well fixed layers. The vibration was recorded by the same vibrometer as above. Notwithstanding the differences in the data source, the test can be applied to the data and the results are compatible with the known status of the slab: we obtain a 77.0% of sensitivity and 54.5% of specificity, while only a 1.0% of false positives and none false negatives. The only drawback of the test is its high number of undecidable cases, which amounts to 24.1%.

Filtered data augmentation approach based on model competence evaluation

The scale of parallel corpus plays an important role in training high-quality neural machine translation models. In order to expand the scale of parallel corpus in low-resource scenarios, researchers have proposed a series of data augmentation approaches, in which the most representative work is the back-translation. The back-translation approach uses a basic translation model to translate the target monolingual corpus into the source language, and then combines it into a pseudo parallel corpus to expand the training data. Due to the simple and efficient data expansion strategies, the back-translation approach becomes the mainstream data augmentation approach of neural machine translation. However, in low-resource scenarios, only low-precision basic translation models can be used. The pseudo-parallel corpus translated by this model contains low-quality sentence pairs, which inevitably introduces noises and leads to negative impacts to translation procedure. To improve the performance of low-resource neural machine translation, we propose a filtered data augmentation method based on the model competence evaluation, which can effectively improve the quality of training data by using both the filtered back-translation and dynamic evaluation of translation model capabilities. Comparative experiments show that the proposed approach can improve the quality of training data and the performance of low-resource neural machine translation.

A survey of machine learning based techniques for hate speech detection on Twitter

The use of the Internet and social networks for communication has significantly increased in recent years. Twitter is the third most popular worldwide Online Social Network (OSN), only after Facebook and Instagram. Compared to other OSNs, Twitter presents a simpler data model and more straightforward data access API, making it a valuable tool for studying and analyzing online behavior, including abusive patterns. This survey attempts to create a machine learning-based guide for automatic hate speech classification, including a description of Twitter's technology and terminology, social graphs, sentiment analysis concepts, and hate speech identification. This study also adopted a systematic literature review on the most advanced computing techniques involved with the subject, focusing on state-of-the-art machine learning and research directions.

Model-free distributed integral sliding mode predictive control for multi-agent systems with communication delay

This paper explores the problem of distributed cooperative tracking control for networked nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with communication delays. The difficulty of distributed control of subsystems across several geographic areas is addressed by utilizing MASs in this study. To overcome modeling difficulties, a model-free control algorithm is employed. To handle networked delay, a network predictive control approach is utilized. To address these issues in a unified manner, a novel distributed model-free integral sliding mode predictive control strategy is proposed. This approach requires simple data to make predictions to achieve distributed tracking performance while also actively compensating for delays. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations and experimental results.

The Influence of Farmers' Welfare on Oil Palm Plantation Productivity in Indonesia

Farmers, especially oil palm farmers, contribute greatly to the palm oil industry and the national economy. Strategic agendas to increase the productivity of oil palm plantations, such as land certification programs for the people, agrarian reform, social forestry, and rejuvenation of smallholder plantations, will be hampered if farmers' welfare is ignored. This research aims to determine the influence of variables measuring farmer welfare on palm oil productivity. This exploratory research uses inferential analysis techniques. The data used is secondary data in the form of a time series for the 2015-2021 period. This research uses simple linear regression statistical data analysis with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the alternative Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The research results show that farmer welfare has a significant positive effect on oil palm productivity (0.000) < (0.005) with an estimated size of 0.910. In the sense that there is a positive and significant influence on farmer welfare on palm oil productivity.

Consumption patterns of organic vegetable consumers in Ghana

The study examined organic vegetable attributes, consumer decisions and consumption patterns of consumers in Ghana. A sample of 399 consumers was selected using a simple random sampling technique and data was collected through structured questionnaires. The study analyzed the important attributes of organic vegetables using Kendall's coefficient of concordance. The factors influencing consumers' decision to consume organic vegetables and the proportion of their total expenditure allocated to organic vegetables was analyzed using Cragg's double hurdle model. Finally, ordered logit regression was employed to analyse the factors influencing the consumption patterns of organic vegetables consumers. The results revealed that consumers prioritize health concerns and sensory attributes when purchasing organic vegetables as these were identified as the most important attributes. Also, socioeconomic factors, viz. age group, educational level and income level, as well as institutional factors, viz. market type, availability of organic vegetables and accreditation, significantly influenced the decision and expenditure on organic vegetables. In addition, consumers exhibited irregular consumption patterns, and a significant proportion of consumers acquired information about organic vegetables through family and friends. Furthermore, the ordered logit regression analysis revealed several factors that significantly influenced the consumption patterns of organic vegetables. These include age category, educational level, household head, household size, income level, type of market, time to market, and accreditation. The study recommends that government and other stakeholders should consider consumers' consumption patterns, attributes of organic vegetables they consider prior to purchasing as well as factors influencing their decision-making when developing marketing strategies and policies for organic vegetable farmers. This approach can help meet consumer demands and help improve the development and promotion of organic vegetables in the market.

Camtrap DP: an open standard for the FAIR exchange and archiving of camera trap data

AbstractCamera trapping has revolutionized wildlife ecology and conservation by providing automated data acquisition, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of camera trap data worldwide. Although management and processing of camera trap‐derived Big Data are becoming increasingly solvable with the help of scalable cyber‐infrastructures, harmonization and exchange of the data remain limited, hindering its full potential. There is currently no widely accepted standard for exchanging camera trap data. The only existing proposal, “Camera Trap Metadata Standard” (CTMS), has several technical shortcomings and limited adoption. We present a new data exchange format, the Camera Trap Data Package (Camtrap DP), designed to allow users to easily exchange, harmonize and archive camera trap data at local to global scales. Camtrap DP structures camera trap data in a simple yet flexible data model consisting of three tables (Deployments, Media and Observations) that supports a wide range of camera deployment designs, classification techniques (e.g., human and AI, media‐based and event‐based) and analytical use cases, from compiling species occurrence data through distribution, occupancy and activity modeling to density estimation. The format further achieves interoperability by building upon existing standards, Frictionless Data Package in particular, which is supported by a suite of open software tools to read and validate data. Camtrap DP is the consensus of a long, in‐depth, consultation and outreach process with standard and software developers, the main existing camera trap data management platforms, major players in the field of camera trapping and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Under the umbrella of the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), Camtrap DP has been developed openly, collaboratively and with version control from the start. We encourage camera trapping users and developers to join the discussion and contribute to the further development and adoption of this standard.

Insights from Madrosatul Alsun: A Communicative Vocabulary Learning in Non-Formal Education | Nadzaraat min Madrasah Alsun: Ta'liim Al-Mufradaat Al-Ittishaaliy fiy Ta'liim Ghair Al-Rasmiyy

The use of communicative context, repetition, visual associations, and accurate pronunciation are essential elements contributing to Arabic vocabulary learning. This study investigates how communicative vocabulary learning and its contributing elements are implemented at Madrosatul Alsun in the context of non-formal education. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation in the classroom, and documentation. The obtained data is qualitatively analyzed in three phases: first, through condensation involving data selection, purification, simplification, summarization, and transformation; second, through data display to facilitate understanding of the issues; and third, drawing conclusions, where data interpretation is performed. The results indicate that vocabulary learning is conducted by integrating it with other skills, using various techniques, including direct conjugation, definitions, synonyms, antonyms, and visual references, and translating only under specific conditions. The discussion of these findings provides new insights into the model of "meaningful words in meaningful learning," a pattern of vocabulary learning within a communicative approach in a course classroom context distinct from the formal education classroom context.