Simple Additive Weighing Research Articles

The combination of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and morphometric parameters for prioritizing the erodibility of sub-watersheds in the Ouljet Es Soltane basin (North of Morocco)

Preserving water and soil resources ranks among the top priorities outlined in the national water strategy. Indeed, the integrated management of water resources in vulnerable territories, particularly in Morocco, requires a deep knowledge of the hydrological functioning and use of water resources in these regions. The diverse hydroclimatic and morphological features within the Ouljet Es Soltane watershed, which is a sub-basin of the extensive Oued Sebou watershed, present significant challenges in managing its water and soil resources. Identifying areas susceptible to soil erosion is crucial for implementing preventive measures in the Ouljet Es Soltane basin and ensuring its sustainable development. Morphometric analysis plays an important role in the effective management and sustainable utilization of the basin's resources. This study used four MCDM models, including the CF (Compound Factor), VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), and SAW (Simple Additive Weighing), to prioritize 20 sub-watersheds of the Ouljet Es Soltane watershed.Based on the sub-watershed prioritization results obtained from the VIKOR, TOPSIS, and SAW models, sub-watershed 16 achieved scores of 0, 0.59, and 0.8, respectively, positioning it as the first rank. These findings highlight that sub-watershed 16 exhibits a high susceptibility to erosion and is classified as one of the most vulnerable areas in terms of erosion risk.Based on the results obtained from the VIKOR, TOPSIS, and SAW models, the susceptibility of the sub-watersheds to erosion can be classified into four categories: low, moderate, high, and very high. On the other hand, the CF model only has two categories: low and moderate susceptibility. Overall, the findings suggest that morphometric parameters are highly effective in identifying areas at risk of erosion. Furthermore, the VIKOR, TOPSIS, and SAW methods exhibit greater predictive accuracy compared to the CF model. The comparison of these models involved the use of Spearman correlation coefficient test (SCCT).The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for making informed decisions in developing an effective framework for soil erosion control strategies.

Assessment of the Development of the Circular Economy in the EU Countries: Comparative Analysis by Multiple Criteria Methods

In recent decades, attention to environmental resource management has increased worldwide. Circular economy (CE) is a concept that is increasingly being considered as a solution to this range of challenges. Therefore, it is important to monitor the development of CE. This research is an attempt to contribute to the CE surveillance literature by providing a framework for comparing the positions of states and their classifications. The main goal of the article is to assess the level of circular economy development in EU countries according to the chosen methodology. The indicators used in this study are sourced from the European Commission Monitoring Framework database, which includes data from 27 European Union (EU) countries over the time frame from 2016 to 2020. The analysis was carried out using Multi-Criteria Decision Methods (MCDM), such as Simple Additive Weighing (SAW), and the objective method of estimating weights in accordance with proportional differences (APROD), which helped to assess the state of CE. The results showed that EU countries can be divided into three groups based on the level of performance of the CE, and their level of development in relation to the circular economy is different. The level of circular economy development in most EU countries is low. Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Italy demonstrated the best positions. The study findings were derived from the combination of two MCDMs, thus increasing the refinement of the overall methodology. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-013 Full Text: PDF

New Hybrid MCDM Approach for an Optimal Selection of Maintenance Strategies: Results of a Case Study

Summary Industrial systems are becoming more sophisticated, and their failure can result in significant losses for the company in terms of production loss, maintenance costs, fines, image loss, etc. Conventional approaches to modeling and evaluating the failure mechanisms of these systems do not consider certain important aspects, such as the interdependencies between failure modes (FMs) with information and data containing uncertainties as they are generally collected from experts’ judgments. These restrictions may lead to improper decision-making. The use of more advanced techniques to model and assess the interdependencies among components’ failures under uncertainties seems to be more than necessary to overcome these deficiencies. It is in this context that the proposed approach fits. It consists of proposing a hybrid multicriteria decision-aking (MCDM) approach that combines several techniques for a better selection of maintenance strategies. Using the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) technique, the potential FMs of components, along with their causes and effects, are identified. The relative importance (or weight) of these FMs is determined using the fuzzy simple additive weighing (FSAW) method based on how they affect the system’s goals. The causal relationships between FMs and their final weights are determined by the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) method and the nonlinear Hebbian learning and differential evolution (NHL-DE) algorithm. Finally, based on the final FM weights provided by the FCM, the simple additive weighing (SAW) method is used to select the optimal maintenance strategies. The results of applying the proposed approach to an operating compressor lubrication and sealing oil system demonstrate its importance and usefulness in assisting system operators to efficiently allocate the optimal maintenance strategies, considering the strong correlation between FMs and their effects on system performance while accounting for the uncertainties associated with experts’ judgments. These correlation effects have led to changes in the assigned weights of the selected FMs. Specifically, the FM related to the low output of the lube/seal oil pump, which was initially assigned a lower priority, and with the correlation effects has become the first critical FM. This shift in prioritization emphasizes the need to address this particular FM promptly. By focusing on addressing these high-priority FMs, maintenance efforts can be optimized to prevent or mitigate more severe consequences. Among the various maintenance strategies evaluated, it was determined that the combination of condition-based maintenance (CBM) and precision maintenance (PrM) yields the most favorable outcome in terms of mitigating the impact of accidental failures and undesired events on the selected system.

Decision Models for Selection of Industrial Robots—A Comprehensive Comparison of Multi-Criteria Decision Making

Due to increased demands of production capacity and higher quality requirements, industries are automating at a fast pace. Industrial robots are an important component of the industrial automation ecosystem. However, the selection of appropriate robots is a challenging task due to the sheer number of alternatives present and their varied specifications. The various characteristics or attributes of industrial robots that need due consideration before selection of an optimal robot for a given application are found to be conflicting in nature. Thus, in this paper, several multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are deployed to select an optimal robot depending on the application. Three different industrial robot selection problems are solved in this paper by using Simple Additive Weighing (SAW), the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), the Linear Programming Technique (LINMAP), VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), Elimination and Choice Translating Priority III (ELECTRE-III), and the Net Flow Method (NFM).

Multiphase Procedure for Identifying District Metered Areas in Water Distribution Networks Using Community Detection, NSGA-III Optimization, and Multiple Attribute Decision Making

The formation of district metered areas (DMAs) is an efficient strategy for the operation and management of water distribution networks (WDNs). Identifying the most suitable DMA layout is a challenging task for water utilities as it may involve several aspects that need to be addressed simultaneously. This study presents a novel multiphase approach for optimal DMA design that involves: (1) a combination of a fast Newman algorithm (FNA) to identify initial clusters; (2) a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) to obtain a set of good DMA configurations while considering several objectives simultaneously; and (3) a multiple attribute decision-making method (MADM) to find the best suited DMA configuration from a set of feasible alternative solutions based on the preference given to each objective. The proposed methodology is applied to two networks including a large benchmark network and a real-life water network. Four problem objectives out of several possible objectives were considered. These are: (1) the total cost of implementation (economic criterion); (2) the pressure deviation (hydraulic criterion); (3) a resilience index (energy criterion); and (4) the total demand shortfall (customer satisfaction criterion). Finally, a multiple attribute decision-making tool [i.e., a simple additive weighing (SAW) method] was used to arrive at a unique solution out of a set of feasible solutions. Results show that the proposed methodology can effectively identify DMAs while considering multiple objectives.

Energy Efficient End Device Aware Solution Through SDN in Edge-Cloud Platform

Recently, the networking industries have gone through tremendous changes. It demands high-speed operations and complex problem-solving abilities. To manage these evolutions Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a proposed solution from several technical corners. Numerous researchers and government organizations showing their interest to provide solutions with IoT implementation. Handling a huge amount of network data, its privacy and security, Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and heterogeneity of underlying networking components are the various challenges in IoT implementations. To provide the solution, Software Defined Networking (SDN) is becoming a bliss in managing such complex networking problems. The allocation of the Virtual Machines (VMs) into the end device is an NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problem. We formulate the problem by using simple Additive Weighing (SAW) or Weighted Sum Method (WSM) to allocate the VMs asymmetrically based on CPU Utilization and Memory usage to optimize the energy. The proposed algorithm ServerCons minimizes the number of live migrations and the number of nodes used as well as the energy usage is at par with the state of art algorithms such as First-Fit-Decreasing(FFD), Best-Fit-Decreasing (BFD), and Modified-Best-Fit-Decreasing (MBFD).

Comparison of Simple Additive Weighting and Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods in Determining Scholarship Recipients

Madrasah Aliyah Al-Karim is one of the madrasa schools in Central Bengkulu Regency. At the school once a year a scholarship program is held, one of which is a scholarship for the poor. So far, the data management process for prospective scholarship recipients is carried out starting from collecting files for prospective scholarship recipients, then filling in the names of prospective scholarship recipients in Microsoft Word. After that, an assessment of the data of the prospective scholarship recipients is carried out so that the final results can be known who are eligible and who do not deserve the scholarship. Comparison of Simple Additive Weighing and Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making methods in determining scholarship recipients at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Karim is done by comparing the final results and processing time obtained from the results of applying the two methods based on the assessment data of each prospective scholarship recipient. In helping the comparison process of the two methods, an application was built using the Visual Basic .Net programming language and SQL Server database, where with the application you will see the comparison results of the Simple Additive Weigthing and Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making methods. Based on the black box testing that has been carried out, the results obtained are that the functionality of the application runs as expected

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF APPLYING TEACHER CERTIFICATION WITH SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING METHOD (CASE STUDI : MA AL MUHAJIRIN JANTI JOGOROTO JOMBANG)

Formal educational institutions have an important task to prepare quality Indonesian human resources (HR) in the future. In this school education environment, professional teachers hold the main key for improving the quality of future human resources (HR) and teachers are professionals who carry out the main tasks and functions of improving the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of students as Indonesian human assets for the future. In the process of quality education, it is an obligation and obligation that is required for every school, to have certified teachers so that education can increase and can affect student achievement. Decision-making system as a set of model-based procedures for data processing and assessment. to assist schools in determining teachers who are eligible to receive certification with criteria namely pedagogic, personality, social, professional. The purpose of this research is to help decision makers in the selection process easily and quickly. The simple additive weighing (SAW) method to provide decisions on the selection process for submitting teacher certification. The system developer method uses the waterfall method. An educator certificate is a requirement for proof that teachers meet educational professional standards.

Sistem Mutasi Guru SMK di Kota Manado Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (F-SAW)

Inter-school teacher exchange has a significant role in achieving good and equitable quality of education. This has become the focus of North Sulawesi’s regional education office, particularly in the city of Manado at the level of the vocational high School (SMK). Inter-school teacher exchange, which still works on the basis of Microsoft Excel manually, is an obstacle to transparent and objective decision-making. Decision Support Systems (DSS) can be a solution to these problems. In this study, the Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighing (F-SAW) method was used for a web-based DDS. This test is carried out on five sample data through calculations using Ms. Excel and the DSS system with the acquisition of decision values of 0.91 and 0.93, respectively.

Sub-basin prioritization for assessment of soil erosion susceptibility in Kangsabati, a plateau basin: A comparison between MCDM and SWAT models

Kangsabati basin located in tropical plateau region faces multiple problems of soil erosion susceptibility (SES), soil fertility deterioration, and sedimentation in reservoirs. Hence, identification of SES zones in thirty-eight sub-basins (SB) for basin prioritization is necessary. The present research addressed the issue by using four multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models: VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), simple additive weighing (SAW), compound factor (CF). To determine the best fitted method from MCDM for erosion susceptibility (ES), a comparison has been made with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), where fifteen morphometric parameters were considered for MCDM, and meteorological data, soil, slope and land use land cover (LULC) were considered for SWAT model. Two validation indices of percentage change and intensity change were used for evaluation and comparison of MCDM results. With SWAT model performance, SWAT calibration and uncertainty analysis programs (CUP) was used for sensitive analysis of SWAT parameters on flow discharge and sediment load simulation. The results showed that 23, 16, 18 SB have high ES; therefore they were given 1 to 3 ranks, whereas 31, 37, 21SB have low ES, hence given 38 to 36 rank as predicted by MCDM methods and SWAT. MCDM validation results depict that VIKOR and CF methods are more acceptable than TOPSIS and SAW. Calibration (flow discharge R2 0.86, NSE 0.75; sediment load R2 0.87, NSE 0.69) and validation (flow discharge R2 0.79, NSE 0.55; sediment load R2 0.79, NSE 0.76) of SWAT model indicated that simulated results are well fitted with observed data. Therefore, VIKOR reflects the significant role of morphometric parameters on ES, whereas SWAT reflects the significant role of LULC, slope, and soil on ES. However, it could be concluded that VIKOR is more effective MCDM method in comparison to SWAT prediction.

A New Integrated Fuzzy Approach to Selecting the Best Solution for Business Balance of Passenger Rail Operator: Fuzzy PIPRECIA-Fuzzy EDAS Model

The analysis of operations of the passenger traffic operator in the Republic of Srpska (RS) showed that the volume of passenger transport has, for the last fifteen years, been in constant decline. It is of particular importance that the operator has, year after year, recorded a negative balance of business. The way out of the current unfavorable situation in the sector of passenger traffic is based on the application of Public Service Obligation (PSO) based on the Regulation 1370/2007. In order to solve the problems, seven realistically possible variants have been identified. This paper defines the criteria for selecting the best variant, as well as a new integrated fuzzy model for the selection of the best variant that will enable the operator to make a profit. To define the weights of criteria in this paper, we have used the fuzzy PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment (F-PIPRECIA) method, while for ranking and selection of the best variant, we have used the Fuzzy Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (F-EDAS) method. Results show that the seventh variant: “Increase in revenue from ticket sales and PSO services and reduction in costs“ is the best solution in current conditions. Validation tests are performed with different scenarios and approaches and show that the model is stable. A validity test was created consisting of variations in the significance of model input parameters, testing of reverse rank, applying the fuzzy Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (F-MARCOS), fuzzy Simple Additive Weighing (F-SAW) method, and fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (F-TOPSIS). As a part of the validation tests, Spearman’s coefficient of correlation (SCC) in some scenarios is performed and weights of the criteria have been obtained using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) and Full Consistency Method (FUCOM).

A New Fuzzy MARCOS Method for Road Traffic Risk Analysis

In this paper, a new fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for traffic risk assessment was developed. A part of a main road network of 7.4 km with a total of 38 Sections was analyzed with the aim of determining the degree of risk on them. For that purpose, a fuzzy Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (fuzzy MARCOS) method was developed. In addition, a new fuzzy linguistic scale quantified into triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) was developed. The fuzzy PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment—fuzzy PIPRECIA method—was used to determine the criteria weights on the basis of which the road network sections were evaluated. The results clearly show that there is a dominant section with the highest risk for all road participants, which requires corrective actions. In order to validate the results, a comprehensive validity test was created consisting of variations in the significance of model input parameters, testing the influence of dynamic factors—of reverse rank, and applying the fuzzy Simple Additive Weighing (fuzzy SAW) method and the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (fuzzy TOPSIS). The validation test show the stability of the results obtained and the justification for the development of the proposed model.

EVALUATION OF IRANIAN HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE INDUSTRIES USING MCDM MODELS

Technology development and maturation in the field of household appliance industries, approach to the initial media and aims of Industry 4.0 are promising scenarios for the future. However, the present cluster study of Iranian Household Appliance Industries (IHAI) empirically seeks the full details of IHAI based on the preliminary studies of both Iranian industries organization and Iranian environment protection agency once in the industry confirmation step and issue the authorities and licenses to stakeholders. Simple Additive Weighing (SAW), Additive Ratio ASsessment (ARAS) and COmbinative Distance-based ASsessment (CODAS) method and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were employed to classify IHAI based on the main criteria via SPSS and Excel 2013 soft-wares. By the way, the Friedman test and Entropy Shannon weighing systems were also applied to distinguish the values of weights. The findings were revealed three prominent steps to achieve sustainable development purposes, economic estimation and efficiency appraise of industries in the easiest possible situation. Also, by current study IHAI were classified by a ranking system of DEA, in terms of efficiency score.

A SYSTEM TO SUPPORT DECISION MAKINGS IN SELECTION OF AID RECEIVERS FOR CLASSROOM REHABILITATION FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS BY EDUCATION OFFICE OF PRINGSEWU DISTRICT BY USING SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHING METHOD

Pringsewu district as a new autonomous region has big potentials in education sector. Currently there are 12 public senior/vocational high schools and 27 private senior/vocational high schools under Education Office of Pringsewu district. There many schools still requiring attentions on school buildings, especially classrooms. To obtain classroom rehabilitation aids, a system to support decision making to determine which school has the right to receive aids from Education Office in Pringsewu district. In implementing system to support decision makings in selection of aid receivers for classroom rehabilitation in senior/vocational high schools by Education Office of Pringsewu district, there are five criteria to use; the physical condition of classroom, number of students, number of teachers and staffs, school income, and status of land ownership of the school. The problem in this research was to find best alternative based on predetermined criteria b using SAW (Simple Additive Weighing). The basic concept of SAW method is to find out weight rating of each alternative in an attribute, and then ranking process is conducted to determine best alternative.

Comparative analysis of different digitization systems and selection of best alternative

Manufacturing industry plays a very significant role in the economic functioning of any country. In recent times, reverse engineering (RE) has become an integral part of manufacturing set-up owing to its numerous applications. The quality of RE product primarily depends on the quality of digitization i.e., part measurement. There is a diverse range of digitization devices which can be employed in RE. These machines have variability in terms of cost, accuracy, ease of use, accessibility, scanning time, etc. Therefore, the decision regarding the selection of a suitable device becomes important in a particular RE application. The decisions taken in the planning stage for RE can have a long lasting impact on the functionality, quality and the economics of components to be used by manufacturing industries. To accomplish the selection procedure, a comparative study of three digitization techniques has been carried out. The determination of an appropriate digitization system is basically a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. MCDM techniques are yet to be applied in the selection of digitization systems for RE. MCDM is one of the most widely used decision methodologies in business and engineering spheres. The aim of this work is to describe various MCDM methods in the selection of digitization systems for RE. This paper intends to employ combinations between different MCDM methods such as group eigenvalue method (GEM), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy method, elimination and choice expressing reality (ELECTRE), technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and simple additive weighing (SAW) method. In this work, GEM, AHP, Entropy methods has been used to elicit weights of various selection criteria, while TOPSIS, ELECTRE and SAW have been applied to rank the alternatives. A comparative analysis has also been performed to determine the efficacies of different approaches. The conclusion of the paper reveals the best digitization system as well as the characteristics of different MCDM methods and their suitability in RE application.

Erodibility prioritization of sub-watersheds using morphometric parameters analysis and its mapping: A comparison among TOPSIS, VIKOR, SAW, and CF multi-criteria decision making models

Soil erosion, every year imposes extensive damages to human beings by means of reducing soil productivity and filling reservoirs from sedimentation in Ghaemshahr Basin in Mazandaran Province, (Iran); therefore, identifying prone areas to soil erosion for preventive measures is essential in this basin. In this research, erodibility prioritization of sub-watersheds of Ghaemshahr Basin has done using morphometric parameters analysis and different multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) models such as simple additive weighing (SAW), VlseKriterijumska optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and compound factor (CF). For this purpose, Advanced Space Thermal Emission Radiometer (ASTER), a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with spatial resolution of 30m used for extraction and analysis of 23 morphometric parameters including basic, linear, shape, and landscape. For validation of the MCDM methods, the indices of percentage of changes and intensity of changes were used. The results of prioritization of sub-watersheds indicated that in TOPSIS and CF models, sub-watershed 30 with 0 and 13.33 scores are located in first rank, respectively, which is known as the most prone sub-watersheds to erosion. Also, results showed that sub-watersheds in terms of susceptibility to erosion, in CF model has an one category namely Low; meanwhile, in TOPSIS and VIKOR models show four classes including low, moderate, high, and very high. In contrast, for SAW model there are three classes of moderate, high, and very high susceptibility. In general, the results showed that morphometric parameters have high efficiency in identification of erosion-prone areas and also VIKOR method has higher predictive accuracy than TOPSIS, SAW, and CF models.

Study of Correlation between Urban Physical Environment and Walkability for Cities of “Y” Category in Indian Context using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Simple Additive Weighing Methods of Multi Criteria Decision Making

This paper intends to study the correlation between urban physical environment and walkability with a view to develop a correlation model between the two which shall help the decision making authorities at local level working for the urban development in their endeavor to encourage walkability in urban pockets through urban design interventions. This paper talks about one of the commercial pockets called “Sayajigunj”. Firstly the physical environment is analyzed like a conventional urban design study and the inferences are enlisted with the help of graphical illustrations and text. A theoretical frame work is prepared to enlist the parameters affecting the walkability of urban pocket based on the Global Walkability Index developed by Holly Virginia Krambeck. AHP method is used for assigning weights and determining scores for the indices and SAW method is used for final decision making. The data was collected using manual method and separate questionnaires were prepared for the experts and respondents respectively. The result is enlisted in a tabular format. The result reveals that the availability of amenities is the most important factor affecting the walkability of an urban pocket. However each criterion plays its role in holistically influencing the walkability.

GIS-based microzonation of the Niksar settlement area for the purpose of urban planning (Tokat, Turkey)

Niksar (Tokat) is an urban area located in a seismically active zone of Turkey. The aim of this study is to prepare a GIS-based microzonation map of the Niksar settlement area for the purpose of urban planning. Liquefaction, activity, slope, aspect, fault proximity, ground amplification, and lithology are considered during the overlay analysis, using a multicriteria decision-making analysis of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and simple additive weighing (SAW) methods. Based on the resulting evaluations, the study area is divided into four different zones, namely (1) areas suitable for settlement, (2) provisional settlement areas, (3) areas requiring detailed geotechnical investigation, and (4) unsuitable areas. Maps prepared by the SAW and AHP methods are found to be consistent with each other. However, the microzonation map prepared by the AHP method is recommended for the purpose of urban planning because it is able to check its own consistency.

Multi-criteria Gateway Selection and Multipath Routing Protocol for Hybrid MANETs

mobile ad hoc network (MANET), the mobility of the ad hoc nodes can cause route failures and necessitates the new route discovery. Also the mobility can result in delay and overhead. In this paper, we propose a multi-criteria gateway selection and multipath routing protocol for hybrid MANET that considers mobility metric as one of the criterion for the selecting the gateway. For gateway selection, a combined weight value is determined based on the metrics mobility, inter and intra MANET traffic load and residual energy using simple additive weighing (SAW) technique. Among the selected path from the multiple paths, the gateway with maximum weight is selected. If such a gateway does not exist, alternate path is selected from the multi path set. By simulation results, we show that our proposed protocol is more efficient technique for gateway selection.