Similar Phrases Research Articles

Adherence of French cardiologists to guidelines for non-cardiac surgery

IntroductionIn order to evaluate whether cardiologists follow guidelines, we studied patients who were seen for a preoperative cardiologic consultation prior to surgery. MethodsThis retrospective study took place in two surgical units (Vascular and Orthopaedic) in two different university hospitals in 2013. The patient eligibility criteria were: planned elective surgery, cardiologic consultation prior to anaesthesiology consultation and lack of any unstable cardiac condition. The primary endpoint was determination of appropriate use of preoperative cardiac stress exams (CSE). ResultsThe study included 238 patients who were seen by 131 different cardiologists. Of 238 patients, 60 had a CSE before surgery, but only 7/60 (12%) were deemed to be necessary. Seven out 15 (47%) patients with an indication for a CSE actually underwent said exam. Sixty-six percent of patients (156/238) had a resting trans-thoracic echocardiography before surgery, while only 27/156 (17%) were considered of appropriate use. Among patients with known coronary arterial disease, 59/73 (81%) received a statin, 60/73 (82%) received an antiplatelet agent, and 38/73 (52%) received a beta-blocker. Among patients with planned arterial surgery, 86/137 (63%) received a statin and 100/137 (73%) patients received an antiplatelet agent. Of the 159 consultation reports that were examined, only 5 (3%) mentioned the Lee score and 117 (74%) were concluded with “no contraindication” or a similar phrase. DiscussionIn this study, we found that guidelines were generally not used when cardiologists evaluated patients for non-cardiac surgery. This is evidenced by the number of inappropriate exams performed, the lack of true perioperative risk stratification, and incomplete optimization of long-term treatment regimens.

Memory improvement with wide-awake listeners and with nonclassical guitar music.

Recent results with memory for real pieces of music have shown improvement in recognition performance over delays of 3-15 s after the initial presentation of a musical phrase (Dowling & Tillmann, 2014; Dowling, Tillmann, & Ayers, 2001; Tillmann et al., 2013). In a typical study, listeners heard the beginning of a classical minuet. Toward the start of the minuet, there was a target phrase that would be tested later. The minuet continued just as the composer had written it, without repeating or imitating the target phrase. After a shorter or longer delay filled with the continuation of the minuet, the listener heard a high-pitched beep that signaled the onset of the test. The test phrase that followed was the same as the target phrase (T), a similar lure (S) sharing the melodic-rhythmic contour of the target, but differing from it in detail (typically a shift in pitch of the melodic line), or a different lure (D) having a different melodic-rhythmic contour. Listeners had to decide whether the test phrase was exactly the same as an earlier phrase they had heard in that piece, or different. Discrimination of targets from similar lures (T/S discrimination) improved with delay between 3 s and 15 s. This improvement was principally due to a decrease in false alarms to similar lures while hit rates remained constant over time. That is, with increasing delay, listeners improved their discrimination of targets and similar lures. The first three experiments shown in Table 1 provide some typical results from those experiments.We attributed this pattern of responses to the continued encoding of the musical phrases while listeners continued to follow the piece, binding together separate features encoded individually when the listeners had first heard the target phrase (Dowling & Tillmann, 2014; Tillmann & Dowling, 2007; Tillmann et al., 2013). For example, the melodic contour and the musical scale in a particular key would be encoded separately as individual features early in the memorization process.1 When a decision concerning an S lure test item is made at the shorter delay, the memory system would rely on the considerable overlap of individual features between T and S, and accept the similar lure as the same as the target (leading to higher false-alarm rates). After a longer delay, during which additional encoding of the target phrase (and notably, the binding together of the features) continues, the contour and the scale would become bound together. This binding would produce a coherent memory representation of the phrase that could be stored as a unit in memory, retrieved when needed, and manipulated in working memory. Because of the binding of the individual features, differences between the S lure and the target would become apparent and the S lure would be rejected (leading to a decreased rate of false alarms). An example of the contour of a target phrase is shown in Figure 1. The contour of an S lure is labeled S. The pitches of this contour have been shifted up or down, while the contour has maintained the same shape. When tested at the short delay, the individual features of contour and key are sufficient for the memory system to return a positive response in comparing the S lure with the target (i.e., a false alarm). However, after a longer delay, and thus after additional encoding in which the contour is bound to the scale at the appropriate pitch in the representation of the target, the S lure is easier to reject and a false alarm is more easily avoided. It is only when the contour and tonal scale are combined, with the contour being bound to the scale at a particular pitch level, that the particular musical structure underlying the phrase is clarified (Dowling, 1978). In summary, when memory is tested before the contour and scale features have been bound together, there is confusion between Ts and Ss, as they share a high proportion of individual features. Later, when the features have been bound, the differences between the target and similar lure phrases become apparent. …

The Performance of Long-Serving Fund Managers

Apparently “there is no substitute for experience”. This and similar phrases are often heard in the worlds of politics, business, sport and others. It is the sort of proposition that makes sense to people. However, while the performance of actively managed funds has attracted a great deal of attention in the past, the performance of managers with long track records has attracted relatively little. In this paper we focus on managers with track records of at least ten years, that is, managers that have been the sole manager of a fund for at least a decade. We find that the average, net of fee, risk-adjusted performance of these managers over the ten years of our sample is attractive compared to similar values calculated for wider samples of the manager population. However, this result may be a reflection of survivorship bias, since we find little evidence of performance persistence from year to year among these managers, and evidence to suggest that risk-adjusted performance over the ten year sample period declined. However, for those investors that would still prefer to invest with an experienced fund manager, the disaggregated analysis in this paper reveals certain key traits that are related to positive risk-adjusted performance of long-serving managers, such as relatively low fund fees, more concentrated portfolios and a small cap style bias.

Przysłowie Diabeł tkwi w szczegółach we współczesnej polszczyźnie

The proverb Diabeł tkwi w szczegółach ‘the devil is in the detail’ in contemporary Polish. Rhetoricity, mystification, stereotype
 The paper is devoted to the functioning of the proverb diabeł tkwi w szczegółach in multi-genre texts of contemporary Polish. The author discusses the rhetoric potential of the phrase, used when there are problems with the realization of some undertaking. Senders like to use it in the beginning (in the title) and at the end of the text. The persuasive efficiency of an utterance containing the discussed phrase is raised by granting the status of a proverb to the sentence diabeł tkwi w szczegółach, and in particular, by garnishing it with such adjectives as dawne, stare, tradycyjne (‘ancient’, ‘old’, ‘traditional’), or a stylistic qualifier jak to mówią chłopi ‘as peasants say’. In actual fact, the antiquity and popularity of this maxim are a mistification. The last part of the paper is devoted to a reconstruction of the semantics of the proverb, especially with regard to the formally similar phrase bóg tkwi w szczegółach ‘the god is in the detail’.

Strings, Triangles, and Go-betweens: Intertextual Approaches to Silius’ Carthaginian Debates

This article examines a case study in Silius Italicus’ Punica using two distinct but complementary approaches to Flavian epic intertextuality: a methodological move to expand and further incorporate computational tools within philology, and a literary theoretical move to combine intertextuality and thematic interpretation. The case study focuses on the debates in the Carthaginian senate described in Punica 2 and 11, both of which Silius adapts from similar scenes in Livy while also drawing on Vergil’s Aeneid. Part 1 of the essay introduces a new tool for finding a range of inexact verbal parallels based on a bioinformatics technique known as sequence alignment. After comparing the method with two other computational tools, Diogenes and Tesserae, we assess our tool’s ability to detect intertexts in the Punica already noted in traditional scholarship. We then analyse a series of computationally identified parallels that have not been commented on previously and find that all three tools can reveal morphologically and syntactically similar phrases of apparent literary interest. Part 2 focuses on a feature of Silius’ triangulation of Livy and Vergil, the characterisation of the Carthaginian senator Hanno. Through allusions to Vergil’s Drances, Silius turns Hanno from a shrewd judge of Roman character and strength, as he appears in Livy, into a far more ambivalent, Quisling-like figure. Moreover, the effect of blending the two sources is to make more porous the distinctions between nationalities and other categories that structure the reader’s response to Hanno and to the Punica as a whole. In concluding, we suggest that the context in which these literary interactions take place - diplomacy and debate - itself figures the kind of negotiation taking place at a textual level between the various works and their worldviews. The conclusion unifies the methodological and theoretical parts of the essay under the rubric of “triangulation”, in part by drawing on the application of the term in the philosophy of Donald Davidson.

Creatio ex Nihilo and Romans 4.17 in Context

Rom 4.17d is often read as referring to creation, perhaps even creatio ex nihilo. Others argue that this doctrine was not yet conceptually available. After exploring what ‘nothing’ means in similar phrases in Paul's ancient context (2 Macc 7.28 and Philo), the first conclusion is that if Rom 4.17d refers to creation then Paul's ‘nothings’ most likely do not refer to an absolute nihil. However, after exploring Rom 4.17 in the context of Paul's argument, the final conclusion is that in Rom 4.17d Paul does present absolute ‘nothings’, though in God's speech to Abraham, not at creation. Paul's theology encompasses God's authority and causation ex nihilo.

Bens Comuns: Uma Análise Linguística e Terminológica

A ampliação das práticas de compartilhamento de artefatos culturais possibilitada pela digitalização e pelas redes tem levado pesquisadores a aplicar a noção de commons (ou “bens comuns”) ao domínio dos bens intelectuais — em casos como o software livre, a Wikipédia e a publicação científica em acesso aberto, por exemplo. Este artigo aborda questões linguísticas e terminológicas que envolvem esse conceito e suas traduções (em particular para o português): analisa algumas confusões frequentes em relação ao conceito, como a mistura das acepções jurídicas, econômicas e teológicas da expressão “bem comum”; apresenta diversas expressões usadas para nomeá-lo em outras línguas; e discute os méritos e desvantagens de algumas das opções existentes em português — principalmente da opção “bens comuns”. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_3-1_6

Elucidating the use of enoxaparin in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS)

The new joint guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) represent the culmination of a massive undertaking...

Building phrases in language production: An MEG study of simple composition

Although research on language production has developed detailed maps of the brain basis of single word production in both time and space, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the processes that combine individual words into larger representations during production. Studying composition in production is challenging due to difficulties both in controlling produced utterances and in measuring the associated brain responses. Here, we circumvent both problems using a minimal composition paradigm combined with the high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG). With MEG, we measured the planning stages of simple adjective–noun phrases (‘red tree’), matched list controls (‘red, blue’), and individual nouns (‘tree’) and adjectives (‘red’), with results indicating combinatorial processing in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and left anterior temporal lobe (LATL), two regions previously implicated for the comprehension of similar phrases. These effects began relatively quickly (∼180ms) after the presentation of a production prompt, suggesting that combination commences with initial lexical access. Further, while in comprehension, vmPFC effects have followed LATL effects, in this production paradigm vmPFC effects occurred mostly in parallel with LATL effects, suggesting that a late process in comprehension is an early process in production. Thus, our results provide a novel neural bridge between psycholinguistic models of comprehension and production that posit functionally similar combinatorial mechanisms operating in reversed order.

Distributional Semantics Beyond Words: Supervised Learning of Analogy and Paraphrase

There have been several efforts to extend distributional semantics beyond individual words, to measure the similarity of word pairs, phrases, and sentences (briefly, tuples; ordered sets of words, contiguous or noncontiguous). One way to extend beyond words is to compare two tuples using a function that combines pairwise similarities between the component words in the tuples. A strength of this approach is that it works with both relational similarity (analogy) and compositional similarity (paraphrase). However, past work required hand-coding the combination function for different tasks. The main contribution of this paper is that combination functions are generated by supervised learning. We achieve state-of-the-art results in measuring relational similarity between word pairs (SAT analogies and SemEval 2012 Task 2) and measuring compositional similarity between noun-modifier phrases and unigrams (multiple-choice paraphrase questions).

The usage of cho and the comparison of cho with similar Japanese phrases

This research paper provides an in-depth look into the various ways of expressing the word cho by comparing them to words of similar meaning in Japanese, and provide Japanese students with an efficient way to learn this difficult word. The content describes how the meaning can be changed depending on the position of the word in a sentence, and what are its functions in that respective position. Cho is not only used as an agentive-dative-goal verb/verb indication of a source, but also as a causative verb, an imperative verb, or as an indicator of a purpose/ manner, etc.

“Information needs changing over time”: a critical discussion

For the past twenty years phrases such as stable needs, unstable or information needs changing over are found in many contributions to science. At first view these concepts seem to be easy and clearly understandable. However, after some considerations different questions arise: For which types of need do we see that these needs are changing over time - for all types, or only for certain types? How do needs relate to changes in the world, or to changes in the human understanding of the world? We will show that information need changing over is a very complex concept and only understandable if we distinguish between changes in the world, situation/context, user, types of need and interpretation of data. Clarity of writing is essential in scientific writing and authors using the concept information needs changing over or similar phrases should clearly define what they mean by the phrases to ensure that no ambiguity exists when readers interpret their writings.

IJARE - Six Years On: An Editor's Report

In September 2012, I had the wonderful opportunity to attend for the second time another delightful session of the Irish Lifesaving Foundation’s annual conference on drowning prevention. John Connolly, the honorary executive director, had invited me to present a report on the drowning prevention articles we have published in the International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education (IJARE) throughout our six volumes. While I was preparing that presentation, it dawned on me that I really ought to summarize a number of variables associated with IJARE’s first six years for you loyal subscribers and regular readers. It seems to me that such a summary might identify some useful, or at least interesting, trends in topics, authors, and other pertinent variables to guide Human Kinetics, our Editorial Board, and myself in making decisions about future directions that IJARE might take. My hope is that you will find at least some of these data to be mildly interesting and even informative. And, here’s to success for IJARE’s next six years and volumes! To produce this report, I acknowledge the diligence and hard work of my two collaborators and co-authors, Robert Turick and Chelsea Kaunert, Masters students in Bowling Green State University’s graduate Kinesiology program. Robert and Chelsea were in charge of compiling information about all the articles we have published in the 24 issues of the first six volumes and placing the data in a spreadsheet from which I could parse the information. Without them, this report would not have been possible. I take responsibility for any errors in calculation, tabulation, or interpretation. I must pay due credit to Kevin Moran from whom I borrowed the phrasing for the title of this editorial based on the catchy title of his article, “Rock-Based Fisher Safety Promotion: Five Years On,” published one and a half years ago (2011, 5(2), pp. 164-173). I was intrigued by its wording. I felt similar phrasing might capture what I hoped to accomplish in describing the status and progress of IJARE over its first six years of publication. Thanks for the loan of the phrase, Kev!

Urban Tourism Promotion: What Makes the Difference

Research on urban tourism promotion has recently gained a considerable importance. Urban tourism promotion plays a crucial role in raising the tourism profile of the city. Given the difference of cities, it is astonishing to discover that cities' tourism promotion materials repetitively use similar slogans, phrases and expressions. This study evaluates tourism promotion of two different cities, Helsinki and Istanbul, which rely on three common selling points: 'the city between the East and West', 'the city of tolerance' and 'city size'. The study examines tourism materials by using content analysis in order to identify how these categories are used and how they represent Helsinki and Istanbul.

Text Document Clustering based on Phrase Similarity using Affinity Propagation

Text Document Clustering based on Phrase Similarity using Affinity Propagation

Searching and Analyzing Qualitative Data on Personal Computer

The number of files stored on our personal computer (PC) is increasing very quickly and locating information in this environment is difficult. In this paper we present a set building blocks for implementing a system which is composed of four modules i.e. indexing mechanism, analyzing text, index storing and searching mechanism. The implementation of these four modules are described in details and additionally, we provide implementation of user interface, and how they interact with each other. Keywords - Desktop Search, Information Retrieval, indexing, searching, personal computer (PC). 3 I. INTRODUCTION With the development of computer technology, computer can complete many kinds of complicated tasks. Therefore, the number of files stored in the PC is increasing very quickly. At the same time, the number of various documents stored in the PC, such as digital photos, text files, video and audio files, increases in an amazing rate. However, a new problem arises; computer users have to spend much time searching the useful information in the ocean of the computer data, and sometimes, even ever seen or used files by users cannot be found. Therefore, the current problem which the users face is not how to save the file, but how to find and locate the file as quickly as possible. In other words, the traditional desktop information retrieval technology cannot meet the current needs of the users. This will inevitably lead to development of new technologies of desktop search engine. Desktop search engine is designed to help users find and locate the required information or documents from the PC effectively. Today, desktop search engine technologies become more popular in field of information retrieval. The full-text search engine is the one that can search each word in documents. The full-text search engine first indexes for each document, then search system will search the index database according to the keywords which are inputted by users. The search results will return to users according to a certain sorting algorithm. The characteristic of the search engine is huge amount of information. It segments the whole content of the document and adds to the index database so that it has high recall ratio. The full-text search engine also has the characteristics of short cycle, rapid development and cheap costs. Today there are often massive of documents stored in our PC's, we often spend much time on finding documents which are needed. The desktop search systems index the large number of documents, so that they can locate the needed documents immediately. The desktop search systems solve the problems of the difficulty of finding the right document. With the number of open-source search engine tools, we can design our personal desktop search engine conveniently and efficiently. Lucene is an open-source full-text search engine tool which is excellent and popular. The following will introduce the characteristics and the basic frameworks of Lucene. Lucene is a full-text search engine. You can search a lot of documents including specified words. The characteristics of Lucene is (8): High performance of search; High scalability of target documents; Morphological analyzer; Phrase search, regular expressions, attribute search, and similarity search; Multilingualism with Unicode; Independent of the file format and repository; Intelligent web crawler; Simple and powerful API.

Vector Space Models of Word Meaning and Phrase Meaning: A Survey

AbstractDistributional models represent a word through the contexts in which it has been observed. They can be used to predict similarity in meaning, based on the distributional hypothesis, which states that two words that occur in similar contexts tend to have similar meanings. Distributional approaches are often implemented in vector space models. They represent a word as a point in high‐dimensional space, where each dimension stands for a context item, and a word's coordinates represent its context counts. Occurrence in similar contexts then means proximity in space. In this survey we look at the use of vector space models to describe the meaning of words and phrases: the phenomena that vector space models address, and the techniques that they use to do so. Many word meaning phenomena can be described in terms of semantic similarity: synonymy, priming, categorization, and the typicality of a predicate's arguments. But vector space models can do more than just predict semantic similarity. They are a very flexible tool, because they can make use of all of linear algebra, with all its data structures and operations. The dimensions of a vector space can stand for many things: context words, or non‐linguistic context like images, or properties of a concept. And vector space models can use matrices or higher‐order arrays instead of vectors for representing more complex relationships. Polysemy is a tough problem for distributional approaches, as a representation that is learned from all of a word's contexts will conflate the different senses of the word. It can be addressed, using either clustering or vector combination techniques. Finally, we look at vector space models for phrases, which are usually constructed by combining word vectors. Vector space models for phrases can predict phrase similarity, and some argue that they can form the basis for a general‐purpose representation framework for natural language semantics.

Concept Abstractness and the Representation of Noun–Noun Combinations

Research on noun-noun combinations has been largely focusing on concrete concepts. Three experiments examined the role of concept abstractness in the representation of noun-noun combinations. In Experiment 1, participants provided written interpretations for phrases constituted by nouns of varying degrees of abstractness. Interpretive focus (the modifier, the head noun, or both) for each noun-noun phrase was evaluated. In Experiment 2, a different group of participants directly indicated which noun, the modifier or the head noun, was the focus of the meaning of each noun-noun phrase. Finally, participants in Experiment 3 assessed similarity of noun-noun phrases with overlapping modifiers. If abstractness of constituent nouns affects information distribution between modifier and head noun, it would accordingly affect similarity ratings for noun-noun phrases with overlapping modifiers. Results showed that the pattern of information distribution within a noun-noun phrase differed between phrases with abstract head nouns and phrases with concrete head nouns. Specifically, the center of representation was more on the head noun side for phrases with concrete head nouns, whereas the center seemed to shift to the direction of the modifier for phrases with abstract head nouns. Some issues related to effects of concept abstractness on noun-noun combinations are discussed.

A Growing Niche in Corporate America

A Growing Niche in Corporate America

‘For a Pair of Shoes’: A New Light on an Obscure Verse in Amos’ Prophecy

AbstractThis paper suggests a new interpretation of Amos’ accusation against Israel, “Because they sell the righteous for silver, and the needy for a pair of shoes” (Amos 2:6). Based on the Hittite law 22a, which states that the captor of a runaway slave shall be rewarded with a pair of shoes, we suggest that Amos condemns the extradition of runaway slaves to their masters. In light of this, we conclude that Amos objected to the principle of debt-slavery, and that he, like some other biblical authors, regarded the enslavement of free persons as legitimate only as punishment for criminal offences. In general, this interpretation should also be applied to the similar phrase in Amos 8:6. However, whilst in chapter eight Amos condemns the rich slave-owners, in chapter two his admonition is targeted at the entire people, who allow the existence of such unjust norms.