Burn injuries (Agni Dagdha Vrana) are among the most painful and debilitating conditions, leading to tissue destruction, inflammation, and scarring. While modern medicine uses topical agents like silver sulfadiazine, these often delay epithelialization and may cause pigmentation or contracture. Ayurveda provides holistic management through Ghrita Kalpana, particularly Jeeraka Ghrita, described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali for Dagdha Vrana Chikitsa. This formulation comprises Jeeraka (Cuminum cyminum), Ghrita (clarified butter), Rala (Vateria indica resin), Moma (beeswax). Ayurvedically, it pacifies aggravated Pitta and Rakta doshas, relieves Daha (burning) and Shoola (pain), and promotes Vrana Shodhana and Ropana (wound cleansing and healing). Pharmacologically, the ingredients exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and collagen-stimulating properties that accelerate epithelialization and minimize scarring. The Snigdha and Sheeta Guna of Ghrita and Moma maintain moisture and soothe tissues, while Jeeraka enhances circulation and prevents infection. Rala contributes to tissue regeneration through its flavonoid and phenolic content. Thus, Jeeraka Ghrita acts synergistically at every stage of burn healing—reducing inflammation, promoting granulation, and ensuring tissue remodeling. This review reaffirms its efficacy as a traditional yet scientifically plausible formulation for managing second-degree burns, bridging classical Ayurvedic wisdom with modern wound-healing science.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy, bacterial control ability, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the wound healing effects of Berberin nano gel compared with Silver Sulfadiazine 1% cream (SSD 1%) on superficial thermal burns in pediatric patients. Methods: A prospective, controlled, within-patient (split-wound) study in 34 children with II-III degree burns treated at Le Huu Trac National Burn Hospital. Each child had two damaged zones that were equivalent: Zone A was treated with Berberine nano gel, and Zone B was treated with SSD 1%. Evaluation of complete healing time, time to 50% epithelialization, surface bacterial load (D0, D7, D14), and CHEOPS pain score. Results: Time to complete healing was shortened with Berberine nano gel: superficial second-degree 8.26 ± 2.45 days vs. 9.71 ± 2.95 days; third-degree 14.85 ± 5.20 days vs. 18.41 ± 6.56 days (p <0.05). The bacterial load was reduced in both zones over time. At D7, it was significantly lower in the Berberine nano gel group (43.22 ± 37.28 vs. 92.59 ± 81.14 CFU units; p <0.05), whereas at D14 the difference was not significant. The drug was well tolerated, with a mean CHEOPS of 1.56 ± 1.56. Conclusion: Berberine nano gel shortens wound healing time, improves early bacterial control, and is a potential alternative to 1% SSD for the treatment of superficial burns in children.

Skin Repair Plus Ointment (Remanco) is an advanced formulation of the traditional Jordanian cream, which has been used for treating burn injuries and has served as an alternative remedy in northern Jordan for several decades. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic effects of Remanco on the healing morphology and molecular alterations associated with burn wounds. This randomized controlled experiment involved 90 Wistar rats (160-170 grams) that were randomly assigned to three groups of 30 rats each. The groups were designated as follows: negative control (burn treated with normal saline), positive control (burn treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine), and tested (burn treated with Remanco cream). Burn injuries were inflicted on the shaved dorsum of the rats using a preheated 30-mm-wide circular copper head device. The burns were treated daily with normal saline, 1% silver sulfadiazine, or Remanco cream for 30 days or until the animals were sacrificed. Gross evaluation, histopathological assessment, and RT-PCR Analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Remanco cream in promoting wound healing. Although there was no statistically significant difference in wound area measurements or histopathological ratings, the cosmetic appearance of the wound area exhibited a significant improvement in the Remanco cream-treated group. Molecular investigations revealed that the Remanco-treated group demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of two essential growth factors: TGF-beta on day 3 and IGF-1 on day 9, with a p-value less than 0.05. In summary, Remanco cream holds potential for enhancing wound healing in animal models, but further studies are necessary to investigate its potential clinical applications.

Skin Repair Plus Ointment (Remanco) is an advanced formulation of the traditional Jordanian cream, which has been used for treating burn injuries and has served as an alternative remedy in northern Jordan for several decades. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic effects of Remanco on the healing morphology and molecular alterations associated with burn wounds. This randomized controlled experiment involved 90 Wistar rats (160−170 grams) that were randomly assigned to three groups of 30 rats each. The groups were designated as follows: negative control (burn treated with normal saline), positive control (burn treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine), and tested (burn treated with Remanco cream). Burn injuries were inflicted on the shaved dorsum of the rats using a preheated 30-mm-wide circular copper head device. The burns were treated daily with normal saline, 1% silver sulfadiazine, or Remanco cream for 30 days or until the animals were sacrificed. Gross evaluation, histopathological assessment, and RT-PCR Analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Remanco cream in promoting wound healing. Although there was no statistically significant difference in wound area measurements or histopathological ratings, the cosmetic appearance of the wound area exhibited a significant improvement in the Remanco cream-treated group. Molecular investigations revealed that the Remanco-treated group demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of two essential growth factors: TGF-beta on day 3 and IGF-1 on day 9, with a p-value less than 0.05. In summary, Remanco cream holds potential for enhancing wound healing in animal models, but further studies are necessary to investigate its potential clinical applications.

The present study evaluated the in vivo wound healing activity of an optimized chrysin emulgel formulation. Antioxidant potential was confirmed through ferrous ion chelation and DPPH radical scavenging assays, showing dose-dependent activity with IC50 values of 1755.78 µg/ml and 141.68 µg/ml, respectively. Acute dermal toxicity testing (OECD Guideline 402) revealed no signs of dermal or systemic toxicity at 2000 mg/kg. Wound healing efficacy was assessed using incision and excision models in Wistar albino rats, with animals divided into control (emulgel base), standard (1% silver sulfadiazine), and test (chrysin emulgel) groups. In the incision model, the test group achieved a tensile strength of 561.17 ± 1.11 g, comparable to the standard (565.33 ± 0.88 g). In the excision model, the chrysin emulgel achieved 97.93% wound contraction by day 12 with an epithelization period of 14.83 ± 0.30 days, similar to the standard (98.17%; 14.33 ± 0.42 days). Overall, the optimized chrysin emulgel demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, effective wound healing, and excellent safety, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative to silver sulfadiazine for topical wound management.

The impact of negative pressure wound therapy on epidermal stem cells and keratinocyte growth factor in deep dermal burn injury: An experimental study.

Bacterial cellulose nanofibers fabricated using electrospinning as a wound dressing material.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a debilitating manifestation of diabetes mellitus, involve persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired wound healing, largely driven by NF-κB overactivation. Amlexanox (ALX), a synthetic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, was evaluated for its therapeutic potential in DFUs. In-silico molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to predict ALX's interactions with major DFU targets and to assess its topical suitability. STZ-induced diabetic rats with full-thickness foot ulcers (5mm) received topical ALX (2.5% and 5%) or silver sulfadiazine ointments for 14days. Wound closure, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress markers, connective tissue markers, pro-inflammatory markers and NF-κB expression were assessed in the wound tissue. ALX demonstrated strong binding to the pathological targets (NF-κB, MMP-9, MPO, and COX-2) and displayed a favourable PK profile. Moreover, ALX topical treatment did not normalise diabetic metabolic alterations, but it dose-dependently promoted wound healing. Indeed, ALX 5% significantly accelerated wound closure (p < 0.0001) and led to marked suppression of NF-κB and MMP-9 expression (p < 0.0001). It also enhanced the levels of connective tissue markers, including hexosamine (p < 0.001), hydroxyproline, and hexuronic acid (p < 0.0001). Robust anti-inflammatory effects were also observed, as ALX reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α levels and COX-2 activity (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, ALX 5% diminished oxidative stress by lowering LPO, PCO, and MPO levels (p < 0.0001), and restoring GSH levels and SOD and CAT (p < 0.001) activities indicating its anti-oxidant properties. Taken together, the present work highlights the mechanisms associated with ALX mediated wound healing in diabetic rats thereby demonstrating its potential as a promising strategy for DFU management.

Silver sulfadiazine, a topical antimicrobial that releases silver ions to disrupt bacterial cell membranes, is primarily used for second- and third-degree burns owing to its broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and certain viruses. Beyond burns, silver sulfadiazine can be used off-label for conditions such as diabetic and pressure ulcers, atopic dermatitis, and radiation dermatitis. The literature suggests it may reduce bacterial load, accelerate healing, and address challenges such as multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Rare side effects, including localized reactions and systemic toxicity with extensive use, necessitate cautious application, especially in vulnerable populations. Despite these limitations, silver sulfadiazine remains a cornerstone of dermatological wound care. Continued research is needed to optimize its use alongside emerging therapies.

Burn wounds are challenging to treat because they often heal slowly and are susceptible to complications. The inflammatory phase plays an essential role in the repair process. However, prolonged inflammation can delay tissue healing. The total leukocyte count is an important parameter to evaluate the process, as it reflects the balance between inflammation and the initiation of tissue regeneration. Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) contain β-glucans and phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help regulate leukocyte activity and promote wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oyster mushroom powder on total leukocyte counts during burn wound healing in Rattus norvegicus. Twenty-seven healthy male rats aged 2-3 mo were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 9 rats in each group. The negative control group received aquadest, the positive control group received bovine serum albumin, and the treatment group received 10% oyster mushroom powder. All groups received identical topical wound management with 1% silver sulfadiazine ointment to prevent infection and maintain a moist wound environment during healing. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 4, 8, and 12 after burn induction, and leukocyte counts were measured. The results showed that the treatment group consistently had lower leukocyte counts compared with control groups. On day 0, the treatment group had significantly lower leukocyte levels compared with the negative control (p = 0.019). On day 8, leukocyte counts in the treatment group were also significantly lower than the positive control (p = 0.030). By day 12, all groups showed a decrease, but the treatment group demonstrated the most gradual and stable reduction over time. In conclusion, oyster mushroom powder reduces leukocyte levels and supported a more controlled inflammatory phase, allowing faster progression to proliferation and improved burn wound healing.

Developing bioinspired membranes for effective woundhealing, particularlyfor burn injuries, significantly advances biomedical materials. Inthe present study, we focused on the design and optimization of membranesbased on chitosan (CT) and Pluronic F127, incorporating silver sulfadiazine(SSD) for antimicrobial activity and piperine (PIP) as a permeationenhancer. Using a design of experiments with desirability, the optimalmembrane composition was determined to be 20 mg/mL CT, 10 mg mL–1 F127, 0.050 mg mL–1 SSD, and 0.050mg mL–1 PIP, which exhibited excellent homogeneity,mechanical stability, and controlled drug release properties. Themembranes were characterized using FTIR, DSC, TGA, AFM, and contactangle measurements, revealing high thermal stability, moderate hydrophilicity,and pH-responsive dissolution behavior. The membranes demonstratedsignificant water absorption and swelling degree (SD > 500%), creatinga moist environment conducive to tissue regeneration. Ex vivo porcineskin permeation studies showed that incorporating PIP more than doubledSSD deposition in both the epidermis (9.82 → 21.75 μgg–1) and dermis (2.24 → 4.99 μg g–1). In vitro microbiological assays against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcusaureus (ATCC and clinical strains) revealed that SSD-containingmembranes significantly reduced bacterial viability, with the completemembrane (SSD + PIP) showing the strongest inhibition. For E. coli clinical strains, the addition of PIP enhancedthe bactericidal effect of SSD (76% vs 33% reduction), consistentwith its reported role as an efflux pump inhibitor. Overall, thesemultifunctional membranes combine sustained SSD release, improvedand reproducible skin permeation, and enhanced antimicrobial efficacyin the evaluated strains, offering a promising platform for advancedwound dressings in burn care and other skin injuries.

Background:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors essential for tissue repair. This study investigated the effect of PRP gel on superficial facial burns.Methods:In this randomized clinical trial, 30 patients with acute superficial facial burn wounds were divided into 2 groups. The PRP group (n=15) received PRP gel dressings for 2 days. The control group (n=15) used moist exposed burn ointment (beta-sitosterol 0.25% in sesame oil with a beeswax thickener) 3 times daily. Conducted at Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from October 2021 to October 2022, the primary outcome was time to complete wound healing, assessed at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain (visual analog scale within 48 h), wound infection (within 3 weeks), pigmentation (at 3 and 6 mo), itching score, patient satisfaction (Likert scale at 3 mo), and cosmetic outcomes (modified Vancouver Scar Scale at 3 mo).Results:No significant differences were found in baseline demographics or pain levels (3.67 ± 1.11 versus 4.47 ± 1.96, P = 0.183). However, infections were significantly lower in the PRP group (0 of 15) versus the control group (6 of 15, P = 0.006). PRP also shortened healing time (12.64 ± 3.1 versus 20.2 ± 6.39 d, P = 0.001) and improved cosmetic outcomes (1.33 ± 1.02 versus 1.94 ± 1.11, P = 0.002). Additionally, PRP reduced itching (P = 0.031) and yielded higher satisfaction (P = 0.0034).Conclusions:PRP gel seems to promote faster healing, reduce complications, and enhance patient satisfaction in superficial facial burns, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option.

The development of nanoparticle-based wound dressings marks a significant advancement in the management of chronic and non-healing wounds. Silver-based dressings have been used in wound management due to their strong antimicrobial properties. However, their clinical effectiveness depends on formulation, concentration, and duration of use. Recently, copper oxide dressings (CODs) have emerged as a novel alternative, offering both antimicrobial and regenerative benefits. We reviewed clinical studies, meta-analyses, and cost-effectiveness analyses on silver nanoparticle (AgNP), ionic silver, nanocrystalline silver, and copper oxide dressings across various wound types, including diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, surgical wounds, and burns. Emphasis was placed on dressing formulations, silver or copper concentrations, clinical efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Traditional silver formulations, such as silver sulfadiazine (1%) and silver nitrate (0.5%), demonstrate antimicrobial activity but are limited by cytotoxicity and lack of long-term healing benefits. Nanocrystalline silver and ionic silver hydrofiber dressings provide sustained release, proving most effective in infection-prone and early inflammatory phases. Enhanced formulations (Aquacel® Ag + Extra™) show promise in treating biofilm-related wounds but need more robust data. By contrast, CODs have demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy alongside stimulation of angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Early clinical evidence suggests that CODs may accelerate healing in refractory wounds and offer cost advantages over negative pressure therapy, though large-scale trials remain limited. Silver dressings, particularly nanocrystalline and ionic hydrofiber formulations, remain clinically useful for infection control and short-term wound management, while older silver salts are less favorable due to toxicity and limited efficacy. CODs represent a biologically attractive alternative with dual antimicrobial and regenerative properties. Nonetheless, the current body of evidence is insufficient to declare a paradigm shift in wound healing, and CODs should presently be regarded as promising adjuncts pending validation in high-quality randomized trials.

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory pathogen of global concern, particularly affecting infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its prevalence, no targeted antiviral therapies are currently approved. In this study, we employed a structure-guided computational strategy to repurpose clinically approved metal-based drugs as potential HMPV inhibitors. A curated chemical library was screened against the HMPV fusion protein (PDB ID: 5WB0) using high-accuracy molecular docking, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (2000 ns), binding free energy calculations, and pharmacophore modeling. Top-ranked compounds—Auranofin, silver sulfadiazine, and gallium nitrate—exhibited superior binding affinities (ΔG_binding: −68.5 to −62.7 kcal/mol), stable protein–ligand complexes (RMSD: 2.1–2.4 Å), and consistent interaction profiles when benchmarked against known antivirals ribavirin and favipiravir. Quantum chemical descriptors derived from density functional theory (DFT) and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) mapping confirmed their favorable electronic properties, including optimal HOMO–LUMO gaps and total energy stability. Furthermore, ADMET predictions revealed acceptable oral bioavailability, low predicted toxicity, and renal clearance profiles, though known risks such as gallium accumulation were acknowledged. This integrative study highlights the potential of repurposed metallodrugs as novel anti-HMPV agents, offering a rational and cost-effective path toward therapeutic advancement.

Objective To develop and evaluate a scalable, multidrug-releasing intrauterine device (IUD) capable of treating common gynecological infections caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Significance Women’s health encompasses both physical and emotional well-being and is impacted by inequitable access to advanced healthcare technologies. Conditions such as genital herpes, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) are prevalent and often managed with systemic oral drugs, which can reduce patient compliance and treatment efficacy due to side effects and dosing challenges. A localized, sustained-release IUD could improve adherence and therapeutic outcomes. Methods An IUD was manufactured using injection molding with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) due to its biocompatibility. Devices were loaded with acyclovir and silver sulfadiazine, with actual drug incorporation measured at ∼2%–3% w/w for single or combination formulations. Physical-chemical, mechanical, and in vitro drug release tests were conducted to evaluate feasibility and performance. Results The injection molded HDPE-based IUD demonstrated sustained drug release and structural integrity. Initial in vitro results confirmed the capability to release multiple agents over time, although drug loading efficiency remains an area for improvement. Conclusions This approach presents a promising, scalable strategy for localized treatment of gynecological infections. Further optimization and in vivo studies are warranted to validate the device’s therapeutic effectiveness and regulatory readiness.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major cause of morbidity and non-traumatic amputations among patients with diabetes. Infection delays healing and increases the risk of severe complications, underscoring the need for effective topical treatments. Objective: To compare the efficacy of topical Metronidazole versus Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD) in promoting wound healing in infected DFUs, and to evaluate the influence of systemic markers, including HbA1c, CRP, and albumin, on treatment outcomes. Methods: This randomized, double-blind controlled trial was conducted at the Centre Médical de Saint-Jean-sur-Veyle from April to June 2025. Ninety adult patients with mild-to-moderate infected DFUs were randomly assigned to either Metronidazole or SSD. Patients with severe infection, osteomyelitis, or severe ischemia were excluded. Participants received daily topical application of either 1% Metronidazole or 1% SSD gel for four weeks, alongside standard care including debridement, offloading, and glycemic control. The primary outcome was complete wound healing at 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes included wound size reduction, time to healing, and changes in infection severity scores. Subgroup analyses assessed the impact of clinical covariates on healing. Results: Among 90 participants, 86 completed the trial. The Metronidazole group had a significantly higher healing rate (86.7%) compared with the SSD group (68.9%; p = 0.011). ANCOVA showed a significant treatment effect on wound size (F = 6.89; p = 0.011). GEE analysis identified a significant time-by-treatment interaction (OR = 3.06; p = 0.002). Poor healing was associated with wound size ≥5 cm², HbA1c ≥8%, CRP ≥10 mg/L, and albumin &lt;3.5 g/dL. Conclusions and Relevance: Metronidazole was more effective than SSD in promoting short-term wound healing in infected DFUs. It may be considered a preferred topical agent, especially in settings with high anaerobic burden and limited resources.

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major health concern in Indonesia. Adjuvant therapies may improve healing by avoiding secondary infections, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting oxygen circulation. This aimed to evaluate the effect of stingless bee honey (SBH) from Heterotrigona itama on diabetic wound size in rats (Rattus norvegicus), compared to silver sulfadiazine (SSD). METHODS An experimental study was conducted on 13 diabetic wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with three types of therapies: SSD (n = 5), pure SBH (n = 5), and SBH with 20% water content (n = 3). The study initially involved 21 rats, but eight died during the diabetes modeling and wound observation phases, presumably due to hyperglycemia. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly across the groups. RESULTS SBH with 20% water content and pure SBH reduced wound size by 95.1% and 92.1%, outperforming SSD (77.4%), with all therapies showing statistically significant improvement (p&lt;0.05). However, the differences between groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.162). CONCLUSIONS Topically applied SBH is a potential natural therapeutic agent for diabetic wounds, in addition to standard treatment such as SSD.

Background: Elderly burn patients often experience delayed wound healing and increased morbidity due to age-related physiological changes. Effective pain management and accelerated healing are crucial in this population. Objective: To compare the efficacy of silver-containing hydrofiber dressing (Aquacel® Ag) and 1% silver sulfadiazine (GSD) in the management of superficial partial-thickness burns in geriatric patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 73 patients over 60 years of age treated for scalding burns between 2009 and 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I received Aquacel® Ag, and Group II received 1% GSD. Pain scores, dressing frequency, epithelialization time, and itching duration were recorded and analyzed using t-tests and chi-square tests. Results: Group I required fewer dressing changes and reported significantly lower pain scores and analgesic needs compared to Group II (p

Burn injuries represent severe pathophysiological conditions characterized by increased oxidative stress and impaired tissue integrity, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions. This study evaluates the biochemical and histopathological effects of a novel cream formulation containing Juglans regia leaf extract, Argania spinosa kernel oil, Prunus dulcis oil, and Lavandula angustifolia oil on second-degree burn wounds. Using a Wistar-albino rat model, oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were analyzed alongside histopathological assessments to determine the formulation’s therapeutic potential. The results demonstrated a significant increase in SOD levels and a concurrent reduction in MDA levels in the treatment group, suggesting an enhanced antioxidant response and reduced lipid peroxidation. Histopathological evaluations revealed accelerated epithelialization, increased fibroblast activity, and improved keratinization compared to the burn control and silver sulfadiazine groups. These findings indicate that the tested formulation effectively mitigates oxidative damage while promoting tissue regeneration. As a potential alternative to conventional burn treatments, this plant-based formulation may offer an innovative and cost-effective therapeutic strategy for managing second-degree burns. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm its efficacy in human applications.

BackgroundThe treatment of infected burns is a major clinical challenge. Platelet-rich fibrin produced via horizontal centrifugation (H-PRF) has been characterized with antimicrobial and tissue regenerative properties. Noteworthy, its lyophilized form (Ly-H-PRF), which can be conveniently preserved, may also have similar regenerative potential for the treatment of infected burns. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Ly-H-PRF could promote wound healing and its regulatory mechanism in various in vitro and in vivo models simulating infected burns/wounds.MethodsVenous blood of healthy volunteers was drawn, horizontally centrifuged at 700 RCF for 8 min, and lyophilized to obtain Ly-H-PRF. Ly-H-PRF was dissolved in culture medium, and its antimicrobial effects were evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus (S.a) and Escherichia coli (E.c) by the poured-plate method. Furthermore, the effects of Ly-H-PRF on the cell cycle and polarization of macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were also investigated by fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The effects of Ly-H-PRF on skin fibroblasts after LPS culture were also tested by flow cytometry, a transwell assay, and a scratch assay. Lastly, a mouse second-degree burn model was used with four groups, including 1) PBS, 2) S.a infection, 3) S.a infection + burn ointment, and 4) S.a infection + Ly-H-PRF. Histological assessment was used to investigate the healing of the burn wound tissues, inflammatory cell infiltration, neo-collagenous tissues, and macrophage polarization after 5 days.ResultsLy-H-PRF effectively inhibited the growth of S.a and E.c. It also protected macrophages from LPS-stimulated apoptosis and reduced LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization. Ly-H-PRF further protected fibroblasts from LPS-stimulated apoptosis and facilitated fibroblasts migration. In the in vivo burn wound model, S.a infections led to a greater wound enlargement and ulceration at 5 days post-op, and routine use of burn ointment was less effective than treatment of infected wounds with Ly-H-PRF. Noteworthy, the Ly-H-PRF promoted wound healing, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased collagen synthesis.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that Ly-H-PRF promoted the healing of infected burn wounds by exerting an antibacterial effect, regulating macrophage polarization, and promoting skin fibroblast migration. Our results provide a pre-theoretical basis for the clinical application of Ly-H-PRF as an economical and convenient treatment for infection control and to promote tissue healing in infected burn wounds.