This research is prompted by the rapid growth of investment in the culinary and recreation sectors within the strategic toll gate area of Gondangrejo, Karanganyar Regency, which has triggered various local investment cooperation models. A prominent phenomenon is the investment agreement at D’Gondangrejo Resto, involving fixed asset capital participation that often lacks specific regulation under named agreement categories. The purpose of this study is to dissect the legal construction underlying such cooperation and analyze the legal protection mechanisms for both investors and business owners to ensure legal certainty. The research method employed is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, utilizing secondary data consisting of positive legal norms and relevant literature. The results indicate that the legal construction of the D’Gondangrejo Resto investment agreement is an innominate agreement which, substantially, can be analogized to a Limited Partnership (Commanditaire Vennootschap) based on Articles 19-21 of the Indonesian Commercial Code. In this structure, the investor serves as a limited partner (silent partner) responsible only for the capital invested, while the business owner acts as a general partner with full personal liability. Preventive legal protection is realized through clauses limiting liability and rights to financial transparency, while repressive legal protection is available through instruments of compensation and agreement cancellation pursuant to Article 1243 of the Civil Code in the event of a breach of contract (wanprestasi). The novelty of this research lies in its proposal of a commercial law analogy (de facto CV) to provide legal protection standards for micro-to-medium investments using hybrid contract schemes outside formal corporate entities. These findings offer a theoretical contribution to the development of local investment contract law and practical implications for strengthening cooperation agreements in the culinary service sector.

We examine two approaches to the monetization of natural gas and the generation of revenues for resource-rich countries. The cash flow taxation model, adopted in Norway, is the closest to a rent tax and generates higher revenues for the host country over the long term while still attracting investors. Its drawback, however, is that the government acts as a silent partner in the project, providing “loss refunds” when cash flow is negative—a fiscal commitment that low-income and lower-middle-income resource-rich countries often cannot afford. By contrast, under a production sharing agreement (PSA), revenues flow to the government from the first year, while the company bears high front-end investment costs and substantial downside risk. This misalignment of incentives and risk perceptions can lead to the stranding of otherwise profitable projects, thereby hampering the production of natural gas as a lower-carbon fuel during the energy transition. International financial institutions (IFIs) engaged in climate change mitigation can help bridge the gap between the cash-flow regime expectations of investors and the PSA regime expectations of governments. For governments, this would translate into higher revenues for development. IFI intermediation can also help alleviate broader political and country risks that hinder credible intertemporal commitments between investors and host states. Such mechanisms are critical not only to unlock supply in the gas sector but also to support investment in green minerals—either directly or indirectly, by using natural gas as the least carbon-intensive fossil fuel to provide the energy required for the extraction and processing of these minerals.

From Silent Partner to Permanent Institution: The New York Aquarium as an Invisible Scientific Institution, 1902–1967

The silent partner in catalysis: How support architectures dictate efficiency in polyolefin hydrogenolysis

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care presents significant challenges for traditional informed consent practices. This review examines the legal and ethical implications of using AI in clinical decision-making, with a focus on maintaining transparency and respecting patient autonomy. While the legal framework for informed consent remains clear - requiring clinicians to provide sufficient information on material risks and likely outcomes - the complexity of AI introduces nuances that demand adaptation. Unlike surgical consent, where decisions are directly tied to human judgment, AI systems analyse vast datasets and identify patterns beyond human comprehension, complicating clinicians' ability to provide clear explanations. However, this does not necessitate a complete overhaul of informed consent but, rather, careful reassessment. Practical approaches include tiered consent protocols tailored to AI complexity and enhanced clinician education to bridge the communication gap. By addressing these challenges, informed consent can evolve to support ethical AI integration while preserving patient trust and decision-making.

In this complex realm of diabetes, hyperinsulinemia is no longer regarded as just a compensatory response to insulin resistance but rather has evolved into an integral feature. This comprehensive review provides a synthesis of the current literature, including various aspects associated with hyperinsulinemia in diabetic complications. Hyperinsulinemia has been shown to be more than just a compensatory mechanism, and the key findings demonstrate how hyperinsulinism affects the development of cardiovascular events as well as microvascular complications. Additionally, recognizing hyperinsulinemia as a modifiable factor, the diabetes management paradigm shifts towards cognitive ones that consider the use of lifestyle modifications in combination with newer pharmacotherapies and precision medicine approaches. These findings have crucial implications for the clinical work, requiring a careful appreciation of hyperinsulinemia's changing aspects as well as incorporation in personalized treatment protocol. In addition, the review focuses on bigger issues related to public health, showing that prevention and early diagnosis will help reduce the burden of complications. Research implications favor longitudinal studies, biomarker discovery, and the study of emerging treatment modalities; clinical practice should adopt global evaluations, patient education, and precision medicine adaptation. Finally, this critical review provides an overview of the underlying processes of hyperinsulinemia in diabetes and its overall health effects.

This paper examines the history of civil nuclear cooperation between Germany and the United States from 1958 to 1963. Following its reestablishment as a sovereign state in 1955, Germany aimed to adopt nuclear technology from the US. However, this effort faced obstacles due to Germany's participation in EURATOM, which had protectionist policies driven by France. These policies imposed common tariffs on reactor parts, complicating their import from the US. In response, the German industry, supported by the government, succeeded in domestically producing American reactor components. Consequently, the German nuclear industry became more self-sufficient and less reliant on US imports. Through an analysis of this cooperation, the paper argues that Germany's pursuit of nuclear technology fostered a greater degree of independence from the United States, highlighting the interplay between national policy, European integration, and transatlantic relations.

Abstract Carnegie Institute was established in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, during the great age of museum building in the United States. The institute took shape over two building programmes completed in 1895 and 1907. It comprised not only a natural history museum and art gallery but also a library and a music hall. Financed solely by Andrew Carnegie, it stood as an oddity in having no founder’s collection. Carnegie’s role has been interpreted as that of a silent financial partner who turned over creative control to others. Instead, and from the start, the natural history collection and art gallery were ideologically driven to accord with their founder’s idiosyncratic values. Carnegie Institute symbolized the thinking of philosopher Herbert Spencer and educational reformer Matthew Arnold, as absorbed and interpreted by Carnegie. The collections of palaeontology, casts, reproductions, paintings and drawings were displayed to reflect both Spencer’s concept of evolution and Arnold’s concept of anti-materialism.

This article explores the transformative potential of ChatGPT, an advanced AI language model developed by OpenAI, within the healthcare industry. By understanding and generating human-like responses, ChatGPT presents exciting possibilities for enhancing patient care, diagnostics, and administrative tasks. We delve into various applications of ChatGPT in healthcare, including personalized treatment plans, remote patient support, and streamlined administrative processes. Ethical considerations, such as data privacy and lack of empathy, are also addressed in the context of AI integration in healthcare. Looking ahead, we discuss future prospects and innovations, envisioning a healthcare landscape empowered by ChatGPT for improved patient outcomes and enhanced healthcare delivery. By examining the dynamic relationship between AI and healthcare, this article underscores ChatGPT's potential to reshape the future of healthcare, fostering efficiency, accessibility, and patient-centricity.


 
 
 There have been diplomatic tensions and instances of threatening and concerned rhetoric between the countries of the Nile, especially between Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. This paper examined the post 1990 water diplomacy in eastern Nile River basin. For a long period of time in eastern Nile basin Egypt used to contain and influence the behavior of Sudan and other Nile River riparian states, particularly over issues pertaining to the utilization of the Nile’s waters. This paper argues the post 1990 multi-lateral water diplomacy especially NBI reduce the established power asymmetries, while contributing to the "sustainable socio-economic development of all riparian’s through the equitable utilization of, and benefit from, the common Nile basin water resources. On the other hand, following NBI, Ethiopia shifted from ‘silent partner’ to ‘bargaining power’ so that it involved through a successive water deal among the nine countries. Consequently, in 2009, the discussions among the Nile riparian are on establishing a cooperative framework agreement reached and the constructions of Ethiopia Grand Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile near the Ethiopian– Sudanese border transforming Ethiopia from “silent partner” to “influential partner and it is considered as a historic event not only for Ethiopia but also for the members of NBI’s. Drawing from lesson this article suggested that the Egyptians stand might not be consistence and the discussions and negation of Ethiopia on GERD project increasingly signaled a more flexible position on cooperating with the upstream states.
 
 

Experiences of criminal justice: Perspectives from Wales on a system in crisis By D.Newman, R.Dehaghani, Bristol: Bristol University Press. 2023. pp. 270. £80.00 (hbk); £26.99 (pbk); £26.99 (ebk). ISBN: 9781529214222; 9781529214239; 978152914246

Abstract Introduction The function of sleep in memory consolidation has been well established. Hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subregions are thought to be particularly important in this process. The current working hypothesis postulates that episodic memory traces captured during waking hours are replayed in the hippocampal CA1-CA3 areas and transferred to the cortex for long-term storage during sleep. Even though the sensory and spatial information from higher-order cortical areas such as the entorhinal cortex primarily enters the hippocampus via the dentate gyrus (DG), this structure has always been considered as the “silent partner” in memory consolidation. Whether and how the captured memory traces are transferred from the DG toward the downstream hippocampal areas is less known. Methods Here, we used fiber photometry, two-photon calcium imaging, and EEG recording to examine the activity of DG during sleep. Results Strikingly, we found that DG cells are even more active during sleep than wakefulness and the calcium activity in the DG slowly oscillates during non-REM (NREM) sleep epochs. Furthermore, we also found that the cycles of this activity coinciding with microarousals are tightly locked to brief serotonin (5-HT) release during NREM sleep. Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT1a receptors abolished the calcium oscillations in the DG. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of 5-HT1a receptors in the DG leads to memory impairment in spatial and contextual memory tasks. Conclusion Together, our results indicate that ultra-slow calcium oscillations in the DG during NREM sleep are driven by serotonin fluctuations and they are required for memory consolidation. Support (if any)

Today, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (1844–1911) is best known for a handful of her novels: The Gates Ajar (1868), The Silent Partner (1871), and The Story of Avis (1877). During her life, however, the short story was a hugely popular genre in which she was fully invested and where she made a good deal of her living. Stories were her earliest and latest publications, and they were work that she both enjoyed and employed to greater ends. From 1864 to her death in 1911, she published almost one hundred and fifty short stories in the leading periodicals of the day. This collection makes available some of those stories, an important and engaging part of her oeuvre that previously has been all but ignored. Phelps saw her narratives as vehicles through which she could reform her society, and her artistic and political vision is both original and transformative.

Abstract Advertisements for audio equipment in midcentury magazines, such as High Fidelity and HiFi Review, shaped the constructions that determined how masculinity was modeled, embodied, and fashioned in the United States at midcentury. A hi-fi setup was a material expression of self and masculinity that could be ever tweaked, refashioned, and adjusted. Tonearms, however, were (and still are) delicate, troublesome, and, when improperly calibrated, capable of destroying record grooves. Manufacturers, advertisers, and magazine contributors who strategically gendered other technologies as masculine—such as amplifiers and speakers—struggled to imbue tonearms with the same virility, toughness, and power. If the hi-fi system served as an embodied simulacrum of the masculine self, then the tonearm was a necessary and omni-present symbolic point of gendered questioning in masculine identity formation. In this article, I argue that the tonearm is a site of fluidity and ambiguity within a modular masculine system, and I demonstrate that the discourses around tonearms in 1950s hi-fi magazines provide an alternative window into discussions of gender and sexuality in United States print culture. Through image analysis and close reading of advertisements and equipment reviews, I decentralize hegemonic masculinity and make room for readings that draw upon feminist and queer theory. More broadly, I submit that mid-twentieth-century hi-fi discourses do not produce a single brand of anxiously conforming maleness, but rather an array of modular masculinities.

An Idle Heroine in Industrious Times: Elizabeth Stuart Phelps’ <i>The Story of Avis</i>

Abstract Although typically characterized as authors of social realism or social gospel fiction, respectively, Elizabeth Gaskell’s and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps’s nineteenth-century industrial novels defy traditional generic designations through their deployment of supernatural and spiritualist discourse to otherwise decidedly earthly and material subjects. Creating a genre that I call spiritual realism, these writers infused realist narratives with the spiritual motifs and images that colored the social and religious ideology of the nineteenth century in order to represent both the material and immaterial realities of their everyday experience. This new spiritual realism allowed writers to depict the nebulous, transitory, and incomprehensible aspects of their everyday reality in an increasingly modern, industrial, and transnational world. In order to establish the centrality of spiritual realism to our understanding of nineteenth-century industrial fiction, this essay examines Elizabeth Gaskell’sNorth and South(1855) and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps’sThe Silent Partner(1871), emphasizing each author’s deployment of spiritualism to interrogate the morality of industrialization and the treatment of workers.

The Shoemaker and the Gibson Girl

ABSTRACT With student-centered, hands-on approaches to real-world problems, integrated STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) curricula have the potential to engage students more authentically in multi-disciplinary learning and to learn mathematics more deeply. However, researchers have shown concern that the “M” is often a silent partner and have called for increasing mathematics’ visibility in STEM curricula. Taking into account this background, this paper investigated how teachers’ and students’ engagement with mathematics within a specific lesson in an integrated STEM unit evolved over four years in two elementary teachers’ classrooms and the factors the teachers pointed to that may explain their adaptations. Using classroom observations and teacher interviews, the results showed that the time engaged with the mathematics and the depth of engagement with the mathematics decreased over the four years. Five themes emerged that may explain their adaptations: 1) limited time, 2) the need to address required school academic standards in limited time, 3) materials and preparation, and, to a lesser extent, 4) the teachers’ comfort with the curriculum and, to a lesser extent, 5) their perceptions of their students’ abilities. These findings have implications for those that are writing, studying, or potentially using integrated STEM curricula in elementary schools.

This article argues that, in early modern architecture in Britain, the role of making has been subordinated to that of design. It takes it cue from Gottfried Semper’s image of the architect in antiquity as choragus or orchestrator of the many skills required to create a building, and demonstrates that knowledge of materials and craftsmanship informed the design process. It argues that the architect’s role as orchestrator of craft production has been overlooked due to an overemphasis on conceptual design. The relationship of conceptual and intuitive approaches to building is explored, as is communication between architect and craftsmen through models and large-scale working drawings. The nonarchitectural concerns of plastic artists involved in architectural production are noted. Finally, historiographical tendencies toward stylistic and biographical attribution are shown to militate against a holistic view of design and craft in early modern architecture.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Improved non-biased matching of clinical research professionals to PI needs will accelerate time to active project engagement for new hires. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: An ongoing challenge for HR recruiters when matching applicants to open job positions is the time-consuming screening effort, which relies on imprecise semantic searching. We propose building a precision-based matching tool using Natural Language Processing to automate the accurate and non-biased identification of suitable job candidates. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted 30-45’ interviews with HR administration/recruitment specialists to delineate the recruitment and hiring process used to match CRC resumes to job descriptions (n=7). Next, CRC applicant resumes were evaluated by experts, first by independent review, followed by consensus and assignment of a final rating, 0= not qualified; 1= CRC1; 2= CRC2; 3= CRC3; 4= CRC4. Guidelines evolved after reviewing 6 batches of 50 unique resumes (300 total) and were based on applicant qualifications &amp; experiences by job level, CRC 1-4. Using final guidelines an additional 3,145 resumes were rated. For uniform input into the NLP model, resume formats were converted and text contents extracted into multiple sections, i.e., education, professional experiences, etc. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Guideline development: Rater agreement improved over time with poor agreement when no guidelines were present (.161- Kappa) to good agreement for final guidelines (.608- Kappa). Spearman’s rho correlation between guideline iterations and Kappa is large and positive (rho 0.886) indicating significant rater agreement. NLP Model: Resume to job description matching indicated a third of applications were qualified, a third overqualified, and a third underqualified, suggesting the majority of applicants were unable to identify their ‘best fit’ by job level. Our NLP model matched the candidate resume to CRC level with 73.3% accuracy; and achieved 79.2% accuracy when matching the applicant resume to the CRC job description. Refinement of the NLP Model is ongoing. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: A precision-based NLP matching tool will improve applicant targeting for the hire of great, qualified candidates. Improved applicant to job matching offers several advantages, i.e., reduced bias with greater diversity and inclusion; reduced time-to-hire; ability to anticipate training needs; and a reduced time to active project engagement.