Silane Heat Treatment Research Articles

Repair Bond Strength to Hybrid CAD/CAM Materials after Silane Heat Treatment with Laser.

This study investigated the effect of different surface treatments and the effect of silane heat treatment with laser on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a nanoceramic composite to repaired hybrid CAD/CAM blocks. 60 hybrid CAD/CAM specimens (Cerasmart, GC) were prepared and randomly divided into six groups according to the different surface treatments (n = 10): group ER: Er:YAG laser+silane (Monobond Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent); group ER+SHT: Er:YAG laser+silane heat treatment; group B: bur+silane; group B+SHT: bur+silane heat treatment; group HF: hydrofluoric acid+silane; group HF+SHT: hydrofluoric acid+silane heat treatment. Afterwards, a universal adhesive (Universal Bond Quick, Kuraray) was applied, and nanoceramic resin composite (Zenit, President) cylinders were bonded to the Cerasmart specimens. They were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles (5-55°C) and subjected to SBS testing using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were examined with a stereomicroscope (15X). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the surface topography (n = 2). The data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Regarding the surface treatments, group ER showed significantly lower SBS than groups B and HF (p < 0.05). Regarding the presence of silane heat treatment by laser, groups ER+SHT and B+SHT showed significantly lower SBS than group HF+SHT(p < 0.05). In addition, group B+SHT showed significantly lower SBS than did group B (p < 0.05). Er:YAG laser treatment for repairing hybrid CAD/CAM blocks was not as effective as bur roughening or hydrofluoric acid etching. Silane heated by Er:YAG laser was incapable of significantly increasing the bond strength to repaired hybrid CAD/CAM blocks.

Comparison of Silane Heat Treatment by Laser and Various Surface Treatments on Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite Resin/Lithium Disilicate.

In the current study, we evaluated the effects of heat treatment (by Er:YAG or furnace) and various surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of silanized lithium disilicate ceramic. Seventy lithium disilicate (IPS e. max Press; Ivoclar Vivadent) and composite resin (Tetric N-Ceram; Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks were made and distributed into seven groups (n = 10) at random: S: silanization alone; ALS: airborne particle abrasion (APA) and silanization; SC: APA modified with silica and silanization; SHT1: silanization and heat treatment by Er:YAG; SHT2: silanization and heat treatment performed in the furnace (100 °C, 1 min); HF: etching with HF; and HFS: etching with HF and silanization. Every ceramic specimen was cemented to a composite resin block after surface treatment. Cemented specimens were embedded into acrylic resin and were tested with the μTBS test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane T2 tests (α = 0.05). The SHT1 group had the highest bond of strength compared to the other groups (27.46 MPa). The ALS group had the lowest strength of the groups (15.56 MPa). Between SHT2 and HFS (p = 1), the comparison of the mean µTBS values showed no significant differences. It was concluded that silane heat treatment increased the resin composite–ceramic bond strength; however, within the terms of μTBS, the Er:YAG laser treatment was more successful than other surface treatment applications.

Silane Heat Treatment Could Eliminate the Hydrofluoric Acid Etching of Lithium Disilicate Overlays: A Four-Year Follow-Up

A four-year follow-up of a novel silane heat treatment method for bonding lithium disilicate overlays to tooth structures without hydrofluoric acid etching of the ceramic surface is presented in this case report. Silane heat treatment modifies the silane layer and thus enhances resin ceramic bond strength without hydrofluoric acid etching. The standard ceramic preparation technique prior to bonding silicate ceramics to tooth structure is hydrofluoric acid etching and applying a silane coupling agent, followed by dental adhesive. In this case, the micromechanical roughening of the ceramic surface was performed by air abrasion with Al2O3. Silane heat treatment with constant 120°C airflow, applied for 60 sec, followed by dental adhesive application enhanced the resin-ceramic bond strength. After a four-year follow-up, the restorations' clinical appearance could be defined as excellent/very good according to the FDI clinical criteria for the evaluation of direct and indirect restorations. This clinical result supports many in vitro studies regarding the resin-ceramic bond strength and durability obtained through postsilanization heat treatment.

Can the silane heat treatment influence the bond durability between resin cements and a dental ceramic?

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the influence of silane heat treatment in bond durability between two resin cements and CAD/CAM feldspathic ceramic. Methods 40 feldspathic ceramic blocks were obtained, and were duplicated in microhybrid composite. All ceramic blocks were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s and received application of silane agent. The blocks were randomizedinto eight groups (n=5) according to the surface treatments and luting agents: P- Panavia F; PAg- Panavia F + Aging; HP- Heat Treatment + Panavia F; HPAg- Heat Treatment + Panavia F + Aging; R- RelyX ARC; Rag- RelyX ARC + Aging; HR- Heat Treatment + RelyX ARC; HRAg- Heat Treatment + RelyX ARC + Aging. The heat treatment was performed in furnace at 100 °C for 2 min. All blocks were cemented and cut to obtain samples with adhesive area of 1 mm2. Aging was performed with 10000 thermal cycles. The samples were subjected to microtensile bond strength test. Results The three-way ANOVA test revealed a significant interaction between cement versus heat treatment (p=0.001) and heat treatment versus thermal cycling (p=0.001) indicating that there was a change in bond strength due to surface treatment and aging. Conclusion Therefore, the heat treatment of the silane at 100 ºC for 2 minutes obtained higher values of bond strength between the resin cement and a feldspathic ceramicafter aging.

Digital smile designing, pressing and stratifying ceramic lithium disilicate veneers to rehabilitate dental agenesis: a clinical report

ABSTRACT This article had the objective of reporting a case of aesthetic rehabilitation with laminated facets from the 14 to the 24 teeth made with IPS E.max Ceram ceramics (Ivoclar-Vivadent), which replaced previous unsatisfactory composite resin restorations in the anterior region. The patient had agenesis of 12 and 22 teeth, making it necessary to anatomize the anterior teeth. A digital smile design was first virtually created and then followed by a diagnostic wax-up. The following was performed in a single day: periodontal surgery using the flapless technique to achieve prosthetic space; teeth preparation; an additionalsilicone impression; and multiple provisional restorations of bis-acryl composite resins were fabricated. Fourteen days later, in the second session the ceramic veneers were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 20s; they received a silane application and a silane heat treatment, then lastly an ultrasonic bath. A universal adhesive was used in combination with a light curing cement.Cementation was performed immediately following an occlusal adjustment. The patient returned for a follow-up appointment another fourteen days after the luting process, in which a further occlusal adjustment was performed, and he reported complete satisfaction with the treatment.

Effect of Silane Heat Treatment by Laser on the Bond Strength of a Repair Composite to Feldspathic Porcelain.

Ceramic restoration fracture may occur in the oral cavity. Intraoral repair of fractured porcelain could be advantageous to both patient and dentist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment of the silane coupling agent by Er:YAG and CO2 lasers on the microshear bond strength of a repair composite to feldspathic porcelain. Sixty ceramic blocks were prepared and randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): (i) HF + silane (HS); (ii) silane + CO2 laser (SC); (iii) CO2 laser + silane (CS); (iv) silane + Er:YAG laser (SE); (v) Er:YAG laser + silane (ES); (vi) bur + HF + silane (BuHS). An adhesive resin was applied to the prepared ceramic surfaces and light-cured. Two transparent plastic tubes were placed perpendicularly to each ceramic block. The composite resin was then placed on the treated ceramic surface and light-cured for 40 seconds. The bonded blocks were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and subjected to 3000 thermocycles. Microshear bond strength (μSBS) tests were performed using a wire and loop method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests (p ≤ 0.05). The comparison of the mean μSBS values showed no significant differences between the ES and HS groups (p = 0.914). On the other hand, the specimens in these groups exhibited significantly higher bond strengths than those in the other groups (p < 0.01). The mean μSBS of the BuHS group was statistically similar to that of CS and SE groups (p > 0.05). The μSBS for the SC group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p < 0.01), with the exception of the CS group (p = 0.674). Treatment with Er:YAG laser prior to silane application can be as effective as HF etching. Heat treatment of silane by CO2 or Er:YAG lasers does not improve the bond strength between feldspathic porcelain and composite resin.

Influence of post-etch cleaning and silane heat treatment on resin bond strength to silica-based leucite: an in vitro study

Adhesive cementation of bonded all-ceramic restorations is critical for their long-term clinical performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of post-etch cleaning (PEC) and silane heat treatment on the micro-tensile bond strength of silica-based leucite (SBLE) ceramic when bonded to composite resin. Twenty-four blocks of SBLE ceramic (HeraCeram Press®, Heraeus Kulzer GmbH Grüner Weg 11 63450 Hanau) were fabricated and bonding surfaces were etched using 9.5% hydrofluoric acid. Six experimental groups were made from the various surface treatment combinations including: PEC (37.5% phosphoric acid for 1 min, rinsed with water for 20 s and ultrasonic bath immersion), silane application and silane heat treatment (100 °C for 5 min). An adhesive resin and a light-cured restorative composite were used to bond the ceramic and composite resin blocks under standard conditions. Three hundred and sixty specimen sticks (8 × 1 mm²) were subjected to micro-tensile testing. The means of the micro-tensile bond strength (μ-TBS) were analysed with ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison test. The specimens tested were assessed for mode of failure using scanning electron microscopy. The highest μ-TBS value (38.25 ± 3.40 MPa) of the specimen was achieved by PEC and heated silane. PEC and silane application showed statistically significant improvements in the μ-TBS (p < 0.01). The mean maximum difference was due to PEC (18.91 ± 3.70 MPa). In the surface treatment of SBLE ceramics, PEC had the most significant factor which affected the μ-TBS of resin composite.

Influence of silane and heated silane on the bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramics - An in vitro study.

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of silane application and silane heat treatment on lithium-disilicate ceramic when bonded to composite resin.Methods:Twelve blocks of lithium-disilicate (LD) ceramic were fabricated and bonding surfaces were etched using 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (90 seconds). Three experimental groups resulted from the various surface treatment combinations, which included, no silane application (NS) (controls), silane application (S) and silane heat treatment (HS) (100°C for 5 minutesutes). Ceramic and composite resin blocks were bonded using an adhesive resin and light cured restorative composite as a luting agent, under standard conditions. A total of 90 specimen sticks (8 x 1mm²) were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength testing. The means of micro-tensile bond strength (µ-tbs) of the study groups were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. The tested specimens were analyzed for mode of failure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results:The highest µ-tbs value (42.6 ±3.70 MPa) was achieved for LD ceramics with heat-dried silane. Both silane application and heat treatment of silane resulted in significant (p<0.05) improvements in micro-tensile bond strength of LD ceramics when bonded to resin composite.Conclusions:The application of silane and its heat treatment showed significant improvement in bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramic when bonded to composite.

Microtensile bond strength to NaF-pretreated dentin surface

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of the silane heat treatment on the microtensile bond strength between a feldspathic ceramic and a resin cement after aging. Methods andmaterials: Twenty feldspathic ceramic blocks (Vita Mark II) with dimensions 12mm× 7mm× 5mm were duplicated in composite resin (W3D Master), and divided into 4 groups (n=5), according to the surface treatment: HS – 10% hydrofluoric acid (HFA) + silane; HST – 10% HFA+silane+heat treatment; HS/Tc – HS+10,000 thermal cycles; HST/Tc – HST+10,000 thermal cycles. The heat treatment of the silane was performed in a furnace at 100 ◦C for 2min. The resin cement RelyX ARC was mixed and applied on the ceramic blocks to the cementation. The set ceramic/cement/composite was embeddedand cut using a cuttingmachine, resulting in 18 samples (8mm× 1mm× 1mm) per block. The samples were subjected to the microtensile bond strength test using a universal testing machine (EMIC). Results: The results were evaluated using two-way ANOVA (a=0.05). The condition of no aging, had no statistical difference between the HS (25.07± 7.65) and HST (23.85± 7.16). However, in the aged condition, the group with silane heat treatment HST/Tc (22:41± 6.69) showed the highest bond strength compared to the HS/Tc (15:17± 4.69). Conclusion:The study concluded that the silane heat treatment was effective in maintaining the bond strength after aging.

Bond durability between ceramic-resin cement: Silane heat treatment effect

Bond durability between ceramic-resin cement: Silane heat treatment effect

Reinforcement of dental methacrylate with glass fiber after heated silane application.

This study evaluated the influence of silane heat treatment and glass fiber fabrication type, industrially treated (I) or pure (P), on flexural and compressive strength of methacrylate resin bars (BISGMA/TEGDMA, 50/50%). Six groups (n = 10) were created: I-sil: I/silanated; P-sil: P-silanated; I-sil/heat: I/silanated heated to 100°; P-sil/heat: P/silanated heated to 100°; (I: I/not silanated; and P: P/not silanated. Specimens were prepared for flexural strength (10 × 2 × 1 mm) and for compressive strength 9.5 × 5.5 × 3 mm) and tested at 0.5 mm/min. Statistical analysis demonstrated the following for flexural strength (P < 0.05): I-sil: 155.89 ± 45.27BC; P-sil: 155.89 ± 45.27BC; I-sil/heat: 130.20 ± 22.11C; P-sil/heat: 169.86 ± 50.29AB; I: 131.87 ± 15.86C. For compressive strength, the following are demonstrated: I-sil: 1367.25 ± 188.77ab; P-sil: 867.61 ± 102.76d; I-sil/heat: 1162.98 ± 222.07c; P-sil/heat: 1499.35 ± 339.06a; and I: 1245.78 ± 211.16bc. Due to the impossibility of incorporating the stipulated amount of fiber, P group was excluded. Glass fiber treatment with heated silane enhanced flexural and compressive strength of a reinforced dental methacrylate.

Pre-hydrolyzed silane heat treatment effect on interface resin-cement and glass-ceramic

Pre-hydrolyzed silane heat treatment effect on interface resin-cement and glass-ceramic

Influence of silane heat treatment on bond strength of resin cement to a feldspathic ceramic

This study evaluated the influence of heat treatment (HT) of the silane on the microtensile bond strength of resin cement to a feldspathic ceramic. Ceramic (VITA VM7) and composite blocks (N=32) were divided into four groups (n=6 for bond test, n=2 for SEM) at random and subject to following sequence of conditioning: G1: HF 9.6%+Silane+Panavia F2.0, G2: HF 9.6%+Silane+HT+Panavia F2.0, G3: Silane+HT+Panavia F2.0, and G4: Silane+Panavia F2.0. HT was performed in an oven (100°C, 2 minutes). G1 (17.6±2.3 MPa) and G2 (19±3.2 MPa) showed significantly higher mean bond strength than those of G3 (9.1±2.8 MPa) and G4 (10.9±1.8 MPa). SEM analysis showed exclusively mixed failures. Silane HT did not increase the bond strength.

Effect of silane heat treatment on resin-cement and glass-ceramic adhesion

Effect of silane heat treatment on resin-cement and glass-ceramic adhesion