Significant Training Effects Research Articles

Examining placebo effects after a three-week repeated-sprint training program under hypoxic conditions in recreationally trained subjects: a randomized controlled trial.

Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) has been suggested to significantly enhance anaerobic performance. However, the widespread belief in the benefits of altitude training raises questions about potential placebo effect. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the physiological and placebo effects of normobaric hypoxia combined with repeated-sprint training on performance. Twenty-nine moderately trained participants were randomly assigned to normoxia (RSN), placebo (RSN-P), or hypoxia (RSH) groups. Participants in RSN-P group were led to believe they were training at simulated altitude (between 2500 and 3500 m), while participants in the RSN and RSH groups knew they were training at sea level and at altitude, respectively. Repeated-sprint training involved six cycling sessions over three weeks, consisting of three sets of 8 x 6-s sprint with 24 s of recovery. There was no difference in the estimation of the altitude level to which participants from the RSN-P and RSH groups thought they had been exposed. There was a main significant effect of training on mean power output during Wingate (+7.9%; p < 0.001; ηp² = 0.47) and repeated-sprint ability tests (+7.7%; p < 0.001; ηp² = 0.55). However, contrary to our hypotheses, the enhancement among the three groups did not differ. The lack of greater improvement in the RSH group compared to the other groups raises questions about the added value of hypoxia in these conditions. In conclusion, neither real nor perceived hypoxia enhanced training adaptations following repeated-sprint sessions.

Design and assessment of AI-enabled sustainable HR practices affecting employee performance with engagement mediation and personality moderation in the Indian IT industry

The object of this study is the impact of AI-enabled sustainable HR practices on employee performance in India's IT industry. The problem addressed is the lack of empirical evidence on how AI-driven HR practices influence performance, with a focus on the mediating role of employee engagement and the moderating role of conscientiousness. The research responds to the vital question of how AI-based HR innovations, which include AI-based recruitment and development, AI-enabled performance feedback, organizational sustainability orientation, and AI-based employee empowerment, influence the performance of IT professionals. Data were collected from 340 Indian IT professionals using structured instruments with snowball sampling method. The findings explore the impact of AI-based HR practices on employee performance in the Indian IT industry. The findings show significant positive effects of AI-driven recruitment (β = 0.116, p = 0.007), performance management (β = 0.180, p &lt; 0.001), and training (β = 0.204, p &lt; 0.001). Employee engagement mediates these relationships (β = 0.136, p = 0.002), while conscientiousness moderates the engagement-performance link (β = 0.150, p = 0.006). From a practical point of view, the results suggest that it is important for IT managers to adopt future-oriented and viable HR digital solutions that capitalize on both technology and human elements in an effort to enhance productivity in an industry in which the pace of change is rapid

Étude de l’efficacité d’un entraînement en groupe de la compréhension de la parole dans le bruit, auprès d’adultes appareillés et/ou implantés cochléaires.

Background. Although there are few studies on the subject, rehabilitation in noise is essential, as quiet exercises are no longer sufficient to meet the needs of patients with hearing aids and/or cochlear implants. Understanding speech in noise is an essential skill for everyday communication. It is the number-one complaint of deaf people with hearing aids and/or cochlear implants, as it impacts on their interactions and quality of life. Objective. To evaluate whether auditory training in noise improves speech comprehension in these difficult listening situations. Method. An experimental group of nine deaf adults with hearing aids and/or implants received six sessions of auditory training. A pre-test and a post-test assessed word perception in noise and within songs, spatial localization, dichotic listening skills and how the person felt in everyday noise. These same variables were measured in a group of seven hearing-impaired and/or implanted adults (deaf control group) who were not trained, and in ten normal-hearing adults (normal-hearing control group). Results. Statistical analyses showed no statistically significant effects of training on variables measured after auditory training, but all participants had higher post-test scores on at least two tasks and reported beneficial qualitative elements. Conclusion. These sessions enabled them to share their experience of deafness with other people facing the same difficulties, to gain self-confidence and to situate their level of speech comprehension in noise in relation to the tasks proposed and the results of the other participants.

Intensity of task-specific training for functional ability post-stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of intensities of task-specific training on upper and lower limbs functions, balance, and quality of life post-stroke.Data sourcesSix electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Clinical trials.gov registries) were searched up to 19 April 2025.Review methodsWe selected randomized controlled trials with at least one group involving an active repetitive motor sequence. Using an online systematic review application (Covidence), two reviewers screened the studies and extracted the data. Risk of bias was appraised using the standard Cochrane tool. Review Manager 5.4 was used for analysis.ResultsTwenty-six randomized controlled trials involving 1431 stroke survivors were included, with moderate to high risk of bias. Subgroup analyses across most outcomes (arm/hand function, lower limb function, balance, quality of life) showed no significant effects of task-specific training based on dosage variables (frequency, sessions, duration, and repetitions). Although some trends favored higher-dose task-specific training or control, only hand function improved significantly in studies with >20 sessions (SMD = 0.57, p = 0.02; I2 = 69). A significant effect on arm function was seen with >50 repetitions (p = 0.001), but evidence quality was very low.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to determine whether higher-intensity task-specific training leads to improved functional outcomes in stroke rehabilitation. Future well-designed trials are needed to explore optimal training intensities and their impact on recovery.International prospective register of systematic reviews ID CRD42020130991.

The Influence of Education, Training and Teaching Experience on the Professionalism of Public Primary School Teachers in Segeri Sub-District, Pangkep District

The objectives of this study are: (1) To explain the effect of education level on teacher professionalism. (2) To explain the effect of training on teacher professionalism. (3) To explain the effect of teaching experience on teacher professionalism. (4) To explain the effect of education, training and teaching experience on teacher professionalism in SDN Wilayah I, Segeri District, Pangkep Regency. Data collection used questionnaires, documentation, observation and interviews. The results of the research conducted show that (1) the level of education has a negative and significant effect on teacher professionalism in SDN Wilayah I, Segeri Subdistrict, Pangkep Regency. (2) There is a significant positive effect of training on teacher professionalism in SDN Wilayah I, Segeri Subdistrict, Pangkep Regency. (3) There is a significant positive influence between prosecution experience on teacher professionalism in SDN Wilayah I, Segeri Subdistrict, Pangkep Regency. (4) There is a simultaneous positive and significant influence between the level of education, training and teaching experience on teacher professionalism in SDN Wilayah I, Segeri Subdistrict, Pangkep Regency.

Respiratory Muscle Strength Training in Parkinson's Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background/Objectives: The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of respiratory muscle strength training in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. We included RCTs that evaluated the effectiveness of respiratory muscle training in patients with PD versus no intervention, sham treatment, or a different type of intervention. Quality assessment and risk of bias were assessed using the Downs and Black scale and the ROB2 tool. Results: Finally, 10 studies were included. The methodological quality of the studies was "good" in most of the studies, with results ranging from 21 to 25. In terms of risk of bias, six of them indicated low risk and four of them showed unclear risk of bias. Data were pooled and a meta-analysis of maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and voluntary peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was performed. Meta-analysis indicated a significant overall effect of respiratory muscle strength training on MEP (MD = 17.08; 95% CI = 2.32, 31.84; p = 0.02) and on voluntary PEFR (MD = 1.50; 95% CI = 0.51, 2.48; p = 0.003). However, results in the meta-analysis showed a non-significant overall effect of respiratory muscle strength training on MIP (MD = 1.69; 95% CI = -11.91, 16.29; p = 0.82). Conclusions: The synthesis of evidence presented in this systematic review and meta-analysis underscores the potential of respiratory muscle strength training as an effective means of increasing MEP and PEFR in patients with PD.

The impact of a 6-month structured dance training program on resting blood pressure and resting heart rate in MCI patients

Abstract Background Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with a high conversion rate to clinically manifest dementia, characterized by impaired daily functioning. Due to the lack of causal therapeutic approaches, there is a need to focus on individual risk profiles. Methods This randomized, controlled intervention study investigated the impact of an aerobic dance training intervention group (IG; n = 24; age: 70.6 ± 4.9 years; 68% female) compared to a physically inactive control group (CG; n = 22; age: 68.4 ± 6.7 years; 45% female) on individual cardiovascular risk factors. The intervention group participated in supervised 90-minute dance training sessions twice weekly over a total period of six months. The sessions emphasized learning predetermined choreographic movement patterns. Individual aerobic training intensity was monitored and controlled using heart rate profiles, with an average heart rate during the interventions corresponding to 64.3% of the individually calculated maximum heart rate. Results Statistical analyses revealed no significant effects of aerobic dance training on systolic blood pressure (F(1,23) = 0.592; p = .450; ηp² = .025), diastolic blood pressure (F(1,23) = 0.007; p = .932; ηp² = .000), resting heart rate (F(1,23) = 2.559; p = .123; ηp² = .100), or body weight (F(1,23) = 0.289; p = .601; ηp² = .024). Conclusion Contrary to numerous randomized controlled intervention studies demonstrating positive effects of aerobic endurance training on blood pressure levels, our study found no statistically significant effects of aerobic dance training. Future research is needed to optimize individualized lifestyle interventions for secondary prevention in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Effect of whole-body vibration training on bone mineral density in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Whole-body vibration (WBV) aims to increase bone mineral density (BMD) using vertical mechanical accelerations from the plantar surface of the feet through the muscles and bones. A vibration platform is used for this purpose. This systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD 42023395390) analysed the effects of WBV training on BMD at anatomical sites most affected by osteoporotic fractures in older adults. Systematic searches were conducted in the databases. Randomized controlled studies quantifying aerial BMD (aBMD) using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method before and after WBV training in adults aged 55 and older were included. Independent reviewers performed methodological quality analysis (TESTEX) and assessed the risk of bias, and the GRADE scale determined the certainty of evidence in the results of the selected studies. The aBMD values from anatomical sites in the femoral neck, total proximal femur, and lumbar spine from WBV training protocols were included in the meta-analysis. The forest plot was generated using the random-effects model, and the effect size was measured by Hedges' g. Seven studies involving 202 participants were included, with TESTEX = 12.6 (excellent quality) and risk of bias (43% low risk, and 57% some concerns), demonstrating with low heterogeneity, a significant effect of WBV training on total femur aBMD (g = 0.28 (small), p = 0.04). However, in spite of the low heterogeneity, the femoral neck (g = 0.15 (trivial), p = 0.19) and lumbar spine (g = 0.13 (trivial), p = 0.31) regions did not show a significant effect with WBV training. The results showed with low certainly evidence that WBV training had a statistically significant effect on total femur aBMD but not on femoral neck and lumbar spine.

Investigating the Influence of User Training on the Adoption of Desktop Open Source Software: A Case of Students in Selected Universities in Kenya

The adoption of Open Source Software (OSS) has been increasing in some regions, while proprietary software remains dominant in many African countries. This study examines the role of user training as a facilitating condition for OSS adoption among university students in Kenya, with job market demands serving as a moderator. Using the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the research explores how user training influences OSS adoption and whether job market demand for OSS skills affects this relationship. The research adopted a descriptive research design and a quantitative approach. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 384 students identified through snowballing technique. This sample was drawn from 5 randomly selected Kenyan universities. Data were collected using questionnaires with Likert scale questions and analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics (medians, modes) and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis). This study examined the relationships between User Training, OSS Adoption, and Job Market Demands using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. Descriptive results indicated limited OSS training (median = 2.00) but high perceived job market demands for OSS skills (median = 4.00). Correlation analyses revealed weak, non-significant relationships among the three variables. Regression analysis found no significant direct effect of User Training on OSS Adoption (B = 0.158, p = .117, R² = 0.006). Additionally, Job Market Demands did not moderate this relationship (B = -0.020, p = .230, ∆R² = 0.001). These findings suggest that training alone may not drive OSS adoption, highlighting the need for broader systemic factors, which future research should explore. To foster greater OSS adoption, interventions should combine user training with strategies that address barriers to adoption and align with users' specific needs. The study underscores the importance of developing a deeper understanding of OSS, especially among individuals who acknowledge its job market value but are not sufficiently motivated to adopt it on their own.

Effect of Business Advisory Services on the Success of Entrepreneurial Projects in Gasabo District, Rwanda

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of business advisory services on the success of entrepreneurial project implemented by Bank of Kigali Urumuri in partnership with Inkomoko. The study focuses on examines the impact of Training and Financing services, Connectivity and Coaching Services and Inclusion Advocacy services on success of the Urumuri project. The study was guided by Social Capital Theory, Knowledge Based Theory and Entrepreneurial Theory. The study employed descriptive and correlational research designs. A sample size of 162 was drawn from a target population of 276 individuals. This sample size was determined utilizing Yamane Taro’s formula. Both simple random sampling and purposive sampling were used. The study employed questionnaire and interview guide for data collection. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there is positive and significant effect of (t=14.462, p-value=.000˂0.05) Training &amp; Financing services on success of Urumuri project in Gasabo district, further, there is positive and significant effect of (t=9.237, p-value=.000˂0.05) Connectivity &amp; Coaching services on success of Urumuri project in Gasabo district, additionally, there is positive and significant effect of (t=2.909, p-value=.005˂0.05) Inclusion Advocacy services on success of Urumuri project in Gasabo district. The study concludes that The study concludes that Training &amp; Financing services, Connectivity &amp; Coaching services and Inclusion Advocacy services significantly contribute to predicting and positively influencing the success of Rwandan entrepreneurial project implemented by Bank of Kigali Urumuri in partnership with Inkomoko. The study suggests that project managers should strengthen training programs by incorporating industry-specific mentorship and hands-on financial management skills would equip entrepreneurs with practical knowledge, reducing business failures due to poor financial planning. Further, project managers should expand these services to include digital platforms, ensuring a wider audience, including entrepreneurs in rural and underserved areas, benefit from expert guidance. Additionally, project managers should address inclusion policies such as tax incentives for businesses that support inclusive entrepreneurship, grants targeting underrepresented entrepreneurs, and tailored capacity-building initiatives should be introduced.

Optimizing the agility of badminton athletes through shadow training

Research Problems: Agility is one of the important components in badminton that plays a major role in supporting athlete performance, especially in moving positions quickly and precisely. However, many students who participate in badminton extracurricular activities still experience limitations regarding movement agility. One training method that can be applied to improve agility is shadow training. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyse the effect of shadow training on increasing agility in students who participate in badminton extracurricular activities at Antarika Sidoarjo High School. Methods: The research method used was a one-group pretest-posttest design, where before being given treatment, the sample underwent an initial test (pretest), was then given a shadow training program, and ended with a final test (posttest). The population in this study consisted of 15 badminton extracurricular students, who were also used as research samples. Data collection was carried out through tests and measurements using the agility t-test to assess the level of agility before and after treatment. Results: The results of data analysis conducted with the help of SPSS 23.0 software showed a significant effect of shadow training on improving student agility. This is evidenced by the sig value. (2-tailed) value of 0.003, which is smaller than the significance limit of 0.05. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that shadow training contributes positively to improving the agility of badminton extracurricular students at Antartika Sidoarjo High School.

Pengaruh Circuit Training terhadap Peningkatan Agility pada Pemain Futsal

Purpose: Futsal requires skills and individual techniques such as agility and speed. Agility is the ability to change body position quickly without losing balance. Circuit training is a training system that can simultaneously improve the overall body fitness, the elements such as speed, agility, and other components of physical conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of circuit training on improving agility in futsal players. Methodology/approach: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 26 male futsal players who were divided non-randomly into 2 groups of 13 people, 1) experimental group which was doing circuit training twice a week for 6 weeks; 2) control group. Agility was measured using the illinois agility test of both groups. Descriptive analysis was done by using EZR (Easy R) to find out the results of the study. Results/findings: The result of this study is the average difference between pretest-posttest circuit training groups was 0,95±0,23 and the control group 0,03±0,06. Analysis of different effect between both groups means by using two sample t-test showed a result of p = 0,001 where the value of p value &lt;0.05 so that H1 is accepted which means that there are significant differences in the effect on the research subject after being given circuit training. In conclusion, there was significant effect of circuit training to improve agility in futsal players. This results show that circuit training was reasonably effective in improving agility, suggesting that other factors such as BMI and training frequency should also be considered in future research. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the provision of circuit training has an effect on increasing agility in futsal players as measured by the Illinois agility test measuring instrument at pre-test and post-test. Limitations: This study has several limitations. First, the sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Second, there were potential external factors that were not strictly controlled, may still contributing to the study outcomes. Third, the study design was non-randomized, which could introduce selection bias. Contribution: This research is expected to increase knowledge, provide an alternative form of circuit training to increase the agility performance of futsal players

Minimum Wages and Human Capital Investment: A Meta‐Regression Analysis

ABSTRACTWe apply meta‐regression analysis to assess the effect of the minimum wage on two types of human capital, formal education enrolment and on‐the‐job training, using 892 reported estimates of these effects. On average, raising the minimum wage reduces enrolment in all countries assessed. The minimum wage has a somewhat moderate positive effect on training in the United States and no significant training effect elsewhere. There is no publication bias in the formal education and modest bias in the training literature. Heterogeneity among reported estimates is primarily driven by data differences, alternative specifications and measures of the relevant variables.

Effects of different types of badminton training on sleep quality, anxiety, and related baseline physiological markers in graduate students with sleep disorders: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe prevalence of sleep disorders and anxiety is on the rise among high-stress groups like graduate students. Physical activity interventions have revealed effectiveness in improving mental health, yet the effect of specialized badminton training on sleep-disordered populations remains under-researched. Besides, the effects of various forms of badminton training on sleep quality and anxiety in graduate students vary.ObjectiveOur study aims to evaluate the effect of basic skill, advanced skill, and physical conditioning-focused badminton training on sleep quality, anxiety levels, and baseline physiological markers in graduate students with sleep disorders.MethodsA randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted (Clinical Registry Number: TCTR20250119001, 16 January 2025), involving 160 graduate students randomly assigned to one of four groups: Badminton Basic Skills Training Group (BBSTG), Badminton Advanced Skills Training Group (BASTG), Badminton Specialized Physical Training Group (BSPTG), and a Control Group (CG), with 40 participants per group. The experimental groups trained three times weekly for one hour per session over 12 weeks, while the CG received only standard lifestyle guidance. Repeated measurements of sleep quality and anxiety levels were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), with resting heart rate and blood pressure also recorded at each time point.Results(i) Baseline Measurements: Prior to the intervention, no statistically significant differences were uncovered among groups in terms of sleep quality, anxiety levels, basic physiological data (resting heart rate, blood pressure), or general characteristics (age, height, weight, BMI) (p > 0.05). Attrition rates of 8%- 11% were observed across groups, causing final group sizes of 36, 37, 35, and 36 for BBSTG, BASTG, BSPTG, and CG, respectively. This attrition had minimal impact on statistical analysis. (ii) PSQI Scores: Sleep quality enhanced significantly across all experimental groups over the 12-week period, with the BSPTG group showing the greatest improvement. At week 12, the BSPTG's PSQI score was 5.8 ± 0.8, significantly better than that of the CG (p < 0.001, 95% CI [- 2.7, - 1.4]). The BSPTG consistently outperformed the control group at all time points, with an F-value of 10.32 at week 12 (p < 0.001), stressing the positive effect of badminton training on sleep quality. (iii) SAS Scores: At week 12, the BSPTG’s SAS score was 36.3 ± 4.0, significantly lower than that of the CG (p < 0.001, 95% CI [- 6.1, - 3.2]). Anxiety levels reduced significantly across all experimental groups, with the BSPTG demonstrating the most notable reduction, further illustrating the significant effect of physical conditioning training on anxiety relief. (iv) Resting Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: Resting heart rate reduced significantly over the 12-week period, with the BSPTG achieving a final rate of 66.1 ± 4.8, significantly better than that of the CG (p < 0.001, 95% CI [- 6.9, - 3.2]). While blood pressure displayed some reduction post-intervention, differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), revealing limited short-term effect of badminton training on blood pressure. (v) Effect Sizes (Cohen’s d): In PSQI scores, BSPTG showed a large effect (d = 0.8), BASTG a medium effect (d = 0.5), and BBSTG a small effect (d = 0.3). For SAS scores, BSPTG demonstrated a medium-to-large effect (d = 0.7), BASTG a medium effect (d = 0.5), and BBSTG a small effect (d = 0.3). In resting heart rate, BSPTG showed the most significant improvement (d = 0.6), with BASTG showing a small-to-medium effect (d = 0.4) and BBSTG showing minimal improvement. Effect sizes for blood pressure were not significant.ConclusionSpecialized badminton training, in detail, physical conditioning training, can significantly improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety levels in graduate students with sleep disorders and decrease resting heart rate. As a non-pharmacological intervention, specialized badminton training has underlying applications for enhancing mental health and cardiovascular health.Trial registrationRandomized Controlled Trials, TCTR20250119001, 16 January 2025.

The Effect of Drill Training on Underhand Passing Ability in High School Students

This study aims to determine the effect of drill training on students' underhand passing ability in high school. The method used was an experiment with a pretest-posttest design, involving 18 students divided into two groups at SMAS Datok Sulaiman Palopo. The first group underwent drill passing training against the wall, while the second group underwent pair passing instruction. Data were collected through underhanded passing ability tests before and after training. The results showed that there was a significant effect of drill training on underhanded passing ability. In the wall training group, the average score increased from 9.11 (pretest) to 11.89 (posttest), with a difference in the increase of 2.78 points and a significance value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05). In the pair training group, the average score increased from 9.33 (pretest) to 12.22 (posttest), with a difference in increase of 2.89 points and a significance value of 0.001 (p &lt; 0.05). The decrease in standard deviation in the pair group from 2.236 to 1.333 indicated an increase in consistency. The conclusion of this study is that both training methods proved effective in improving underhand passing ability, with paired training showing slightly higher improvements than wall training. This study contributes to the development of school training programs to improve students' sports skills.

High variability orthographic training: Learning words in a logographic script through training with multiple typefaces.

We tested whether naturally occurring visual variability-specifically, typefaces-would help people generalize word learning to typefaces they had never seen before. In Chinese, thousands of unique written characters must be learned item by item, and differentiated from similar-looking characters. Participants (n = 190) with no previous Chinese experience learned 24 Chinese characters in one of two training groups: the Single-Typeface group trained using only one of three Chinese typefaces; the Variable-Typeface group trained using all three. Everyone completed two training and testing phases. During Definition Training, they saw each character six times and learned to associate it with an English definition (-water). After training, participants were tested on their accuracy in providing definitions for the characters. During Form Training, participants chose the characters they had previously learned from a display that included a trained character and a visually similar distractor ( vs ). After training, they were tested on their speed/accuracy in choosing the learned characters. At testing in both phases, half of the words were presented in a familiar typeface; half in a novel typeface. Results showed significant interactions between training and testing conditions in both phases, with a significant effect of training in the Form Testing phase: Single-Typeface training resulted in faster responses for familiar typefaces, but much slower responses for novel typefaces; in comparison, Variable-Typeface training resulted in better generalization to novel typefaces. These results suggest that typeface variability can influence how effectively people generalize knowledge during the initial stages of learning a logographic script.

The Contribution of Human Resource Management to the Development of Strategic Plans

This study investigates the impact of human resources management on preparing strategic plans in the Iraqi Ministry of Planning. A descriptive analytical approach was employed to understand the phenomenon, with a population of all employees in the Iraqi Ministry of Planning. A purposive sample of 386 individuals was selected. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect primary data, which was analyzed using the SPSS 25 program. The results showed: - A statistically significant impact of human resources management on preparing strategic plans. - A statistically significant effect of human resource selection on preparing strategic plans. - A statistically significant effect of human resource training on preparing strategic plans. The study also presented a set of recommendations, including: - The Human Resources Department at the Iraqi Ministry of Planning should select individuals to prepare the ministry's strategic plans based on their practical experience and academic qualifications that qualify them to prepare long-term strategic plans consistent with the ministry's goals and objectives.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial dan Pelatihan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Kompensasi Sebagai Mediasi pada Badan Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Pacitan

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Social Media Use and Job Training on Employee Performance with Compensation as a mediator at the Regional Financial Agency of Pacitan Regency. The population of this study were all employees of the regional financial agency of Pacitan Regency with a sample used in this study of 101 respondents adjusted to the probability sampling technique by purposive sampling. This study is a quantitative study using data sources, namely primary data obtained through interviews, observations, and measurements using questionnaires conducted directly by researchers. The analysis tool used is SmartPLS. The results of this study indicate that the conclusions in this study are 1.) there is a positive and significant effect of social media use on employee performance, while there is a negative and insignificant effect of social media use on compensation 2.) there is a positive and significant effect of job training on employee performance and compensation variables 3.) compensation has a significant positive effect on employee performance 4.) the use of social media and job training can be mediated by compensation and affect employee performance

English speaking training based on local wisdom to support the English language skills

English language skills are essential skills that must be mastered by people in today's digital era, including students. However, students' ability to speak English is still low as evidenced by the results of the UKBing test for Campus 3 students at Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java-Indonesia which is still quite low. The purpose of this research is to develop English Speaking Training (EST) based on local wisdom, looking for its effect on students' English language skills, as well as its correlation with the results of students' English language skills. The research method used is Research &amp; Development (R&amp;D) with the ADDIE model which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The data obtained in the form of pre-test and post-test results and documentation will be analyzed using the N-Gain test, correlation test, and qualitative descriptive to represent the results of the study. The results showed a significant effect of EST training on students' English language skills. The results of the correlation test show a positive correlation with an idealized level at a significance level of 0.1, and the N-Gain test indicates that the results fall into the tall group with a rate of 88%. That way, this EST training can be a solution in improving students' English language skills so that they can produce graduates who are able to compete globally.

The effectiveness of lateral box shuffle plyometric exercise on increasing limb muscle power of badminton athletes

Introduction: The problem in this study is the low muscle power ability of badminton athletes. Objective: This study aims to determine: 1) the effect of pliyometric lateral box shuffle training on increasing leg muscle power of badminton athletes. 2) the difference in the effect of pliyometric lateral box shuffle training between the treatment group and the control group on increasing leg muscle power. Methodology: This type of research is an experiment with pre test and post test control group design. The sample in this study amounted to 78 athletes who were taken using random sampling technique. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely the treated group of 44 athletes and the control group of 36 athletes. The instrument used is to measure leg power, namely the vertical jump test. The data analysis technique used is the independent sample t test and continued with the paired sample t-test. Results: The results showed that: 1) There is a significant effect of lateral box shuffle training on increasing leg muscle power with a significance value smaller than 0.05 (p&lt;0.05). 2) There is a significant difference in influence between the group given treatment and the control group on increasing leg muscle power, as evidenced by the mean value of leg muscle power in the treatment group of 95.71 kg m/s while the mean value of leg muscle power in the control group is 78.93 with an average difference in post test of 16.78 kg m/s. Conclusions: The group that was given the treatment had better leg muscle power compared to the control group that did not receive treatment.