Significant Predictors Of Psychological Well-being Research Articles

Role of Restorativeness in Improving the Psychological Well-Being of University Students.

Many university students experience high levels of study-related fatigue, hence, necessitating opportunities for restoration. They could potentially benefit from campus-based physical activities that provide them with effective restoration breaks and allow them to return to their studies cognitively refreshed. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association between perceived restorativeness among postgraduates and their psychological well-being by using the four constructs of Kaplan's attention restoration theory (ART): fascination, being away, extent, and compatibility. In this study, nature view windows were also used as a moderator. Malaysian postgraduate students [n = 192; 94 females; age in years (M = 30.64, SD = 2.73)] completed the Ryff's scale of psychological wellbeing (PWB) and perceived restorativeness scale for activity (PRAS). This study used the partial least squares-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to examine these relationships. The results demonstrate that three ART constructs, namely, being away, fascination, and compatibility, are significant predictors of psychological well-being across the sample size. Furthermore, for participants who reside in university dormitories, windows that overlook nature can enhance the relationship of being away, compatibility, and fascination to psychological well-being, compared with those with less natural views. Thus, this study confirmed the moderating effect of nature view windows and provided insight into the ART constructs that facilitate and enhance restorative experiences. By strengthening ART with additional factors, this study has also contributed toward the improvement of the psychological well-being of university students.

Linking Anticipated Stigma to Psychological Well-Being: Mediating Role of Anxiety & Depression

In todays’ organizations, stigmatized individuals represent a considerable part of the workforce. Like visible stigma, hiding an invisible stigma can have important costs. Research has shown that individuals with concealable stigmatized identities can impact physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes. Nevertheless, the relationship between anticipated stigma for concealable stigmatized identities and its consequences has remained unexplored. The current study focused on anticipated stigma towards any concealable stigmatized identity. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, it is proposed that individuals anticipating any concealable stigma may experience more anxiety and depression, which may drain their psychological resources and, in turn, negatively affect their psychological well-being. We investigated that how anticipated stigma enhances anxiety and depression and in turn, harms psychological well-being. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used. A total of 160 employees working in diverse organizations completed self-reported measures of anticipated stigma, anxiety and depression, and psychological well-being. Correlational analysis indicated a significant association among the studied variables. The results revealed that anticipated stigma was a significant predictor of psychological well-being, in both direct and indirect ways, and this relationship was partially mediated by higher levels of anxiety and depression. The key findings of this study will expand the body of theoretical work examining the experience of anxiety and depression in stigma management. Organizations and employees can utilize these findings to address anticipated stigma, anxiety & depression as well as concerns of psychological well-being. Moreover, this study contributes to investigating the unexplored linking mechanism of anxiety and depression on the relationship of anticipated stigma and psychological well-being.

Self-Efficacy, Happiness and Psychological Well-Being After Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an effective treatment for patients with severe obesity and it leads to significant weight loss and promotes the quality of life. The aim of this study was evaluating the relationship between self-efficacy, happiness and psychological well-being after sleeve gastrectomy. One hundred patients that underwent SG were participated in this study. They were asked to fill questionnaires 12months after surgery. To assess self-efficacy, Sherer and et al. scale, for happiness, oxford happiness scale and for psychological well-being, Ryff scale were used. Regression analysis was used on psychological well-being and happiness for evaluating the prediction of self-efficacy. The results showed that 44% of happiness and 4% of psychological well-being were determined by self-efficacy after surgery. Based on these findings, self-efficacy is a significant predictor of psychological well-being and happiness.

Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik İyi oluşlarının Yordayıcısı Olarak İyimserlik-Kötümserlik Düzeyi ve Dini Yönelimler

Relational screening model based on general screening model was used in this study, which aims to test whether the optimism-pessimism levels and religious orientation of secondary school students are a significant predictor of psychological well-being levels.The working universe of the research is high school students studying in secondary schools affiliated to Samsun Provincial Directorate of National Education in the 2019-2020 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 472 students selected by simple random element sampling method. In order to collect research data, personal information form “Religious orientation scale, Psychological well-being scale and Optimism-Pessimism Scale in Adolescents” were used. In addition to descriptive statistics, pearson moments product correlation technique and linear regression analysis technique were used in the analysis of the data. According to the findings obtained from the research, there is a positive relationship with psychological well-being and optimism and a negative relationship with pessimism. In addition, it has been determined that there is a positive relationship between psychological well-being and inner religious orientation, strict normative religious orientation and external religious orientation. On the other hand, the level of relati-onship between psychological well-being and questioning religious orientation was not significant. According to the findings related to the predictive level of the sub-dimensions of optimism, pessimism, and religious orientation scale, the level of optimism is the strongest predictor of psychological well-being. In addition, it was concluded that the sub-dimension of external religious orientation is a signifi-cant predictor of psychological well-being, and the level of predicting that pessimism and other religi-ous orientations are psychological well-being is not significant. Suggestions were made based on the findings obtained from the research.

Contours of Positivity as Determinants of Maternal Psychological Well-Being in Pakistani Children with and without Hearing Impairment

ABSTRACTThe current research was designed in order to investigate the differences in hope, gratitude and psychological well-being in mothers of children with and without hearing impairment. This is hypothesised that there is likely to be significant differences in hope, gratitude and psychological well-being in mothers of children with and without hearing impairment. The sample for the current research comprised of n = 300 (n = 150 mothers of children with hearing impairment who were compared with mothers of hearing children (n = 150, after matching them on core subject variables); children within age ranges of 12–18 years were selected through non-probability purposive sampling. The scales included Hope Trait Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Gratitude Questionnaire. Independent Sample t-test revealed significant differences in hope, gratitude and psychological well-being in mothers of children with and without hearing impairment. Pearson Product Moment correlation revealed significant positive relationship among hope, gratitude and psychological well-being in mothers of children. Regression analyses revealed that hope and gratitude are significant predictors of psychological well-being. The findings are promising for counsellors, teachers and mothers to change the perception and views regarding disability to seek better results in their children’s functioning.

Resilience, Sense of Coherence, and Coping with Stress as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in the Course of Schizophrenia. The Study Design.

The main research objective was seeking for the predictive role of such personal resources as resilience, sense of coherence, and coping with stress in psychological well-being of schizophrenia patients and their treatment. The study group comprised 201 individuals with schizophrenia, aged between 18 and 62. The following instruments were used: The sense of coherence scale SOC-29, The resilience scale for adults, polish adaptation of the stress appraisal measure, semistructured clinical interview, the positive and negative syndrome scale, the mood scale, and the general health questionnaire. A stepwise regression analysis aimed at selecting a group of significant predictors for the verified factors of psychological well-being in patients suffering from schizophrenia was carried out. The results of the study demonstrated the following to be significant predictors of psychological well-being in patients with schizophrenia: Resilience (explaining significantly the level of schizophrenic symptomatology Beta = −0.30, negative symptoms Beta = −0.385, and cognitive disorders Beta = −0.303), sense of coherence, which significantly predicted mood (in the case of manageability, Beta = 0.580 for positive mood, and Beta = 0.534 for negative mood) and psychiatric symptomatology (comprehensibility, Beta = 0.311 for negative symptoms, Beta = 0.173 for excessive arousal, and Beta = 0.330 for cognitive disorganization). The level of perceived stress appraised as challenge predicted positive mood (Beta = 0.164), while stress appraisal in terms of threat served as a predictor for negative mood and depressiveness (Beta = 0.190). The study results can prove helpful in creating therapeutic and programs and psychiatric rehabilitation for patients with schizophrenia.

Emotion expressivity and psychological flourishing of married individuals: Gender and type of marriage as moderators

ABSTRACTMarital flourishing can be enriched by emotions; however, only in recent years, researchers have begun to acknowledge the benefits of emotions toward the understanding of marital functioning. This paper draws on the exploration to investigate the association between emotion expressivity (positive, negative, and impulse control) and psychological flourishing (individual and relationship) among married individuals, and the moderating role of married individual’s gender and the role of their marriage; arrange or love in these associations. Self-report responses on Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire and Psychological Flourishing Scale from a total sample of 591 married individuals (342 wives and 249 husbands), aged 21–80 years, were analyzed using linear regression analysis and moderation. Findings of the study exposed that emotion expressivity was associated with psychological flourishing among married individuals. Expression of positive emotions negatively predicted relationship flourishing and individual flourishing within marital relationship. Expression of negative emotions also negatively predicted husbands’ and wives’ psychological flourishing. Correspondingly, the strength of impulse reactions too, negatively predicted individual as well as relationship flourishing of married individuals. The interaction effect between emotion expressivity and gender was a significant predictor of psychological well-being. Likewise, the interaction effect between emotion expressivity and type of marriage was also a significant predictor of psychological flourishing. These results proposed that both gender and kind of marriage proved to be significant moderators between emotion expressivity and flourishing. The results had been discussed with regard to contemporary literature and cultural context of a non-western society.

Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among Higher Education Students

This study aimed to examine the relationships among stress, protective factors and psychological well-being (PWB). A cross-sectional predictive research design was carried out. A convenience sample of 152 students was recruited from a higher education institution in New Zealand. Data were collected by using online self-reported questionnaires and analysed by descriptive statistics and path analyses (with IBM AMOS). Results showed that the hypothesised model fit well with the sample data. Resilience, mindfulness, support from family, and support from significant others were significant predictors of PWB. Furthermore, stress significantly predicted social support, resilience, self-efficacy, and mindfulness. There is the need to develop prevention interventions (e.g., a resilience-building and mindfulness interventions) for students to help them manage stress and achieve PWB.

Customer Related Social Stressors and Mental Health of Sales Girls: Moderating role of Sexual Harassment

The current study explored the relationship between customer related social stressors and mental health among sales girls by analyzing the dynamics of functioning of sales girls at the job with thecustomer. The study was conducted using non-probability convenient sample consist of 200 sales girls including evening and morning shift, with the age range of 20 to 35 years (M= 24.86, SD= 3.59) with at least 6 monthssales job experience. The data collected from various Malls and shopping centers of Lahore. Customer Related Social Stressors (CSS) and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) were used as the data collection instruments. Pearson correlation and regression analysis was employed and the results showed that costumer related social stressors was found to be significantly negatively association with emotional wellbeing and social wellbeing whereas sexual harassment was found to be significantly negativelycorrelated with Social Wellbeing and Psychological Wellbeing. Sexual Harassment, Customer Related Social stressors and Interaction term of both were found to be negative and significant predictors of psychological wellbeing.

Personality Dispositions, Resilience, and Decision Making and Their Impact on Psychological Well-Being of Management Graduates

Business organizations are constantly facing a lot of challenges from political, environmental, social, technological, economic, and legal environments and these organizational level challenges and their changes as well are increasing many folds in the recent times. This present state is placing undue pressure on managers, especially young managers. As a result, managers are experiencing changes in their physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional, and social environments, which has a significant impact on their psychological well-being. In order to see the impact of personality dispositions, resilience, and decision making on psychological well-being of management graduates, this study was undertaken ; 120 management students participated in the study, out of which 78 students completed the tests. The tools used were MBTI by Briggs and Myers (1998), FIRO-B by Waterman and Rogers (2004), Resilience scale by Wagnild and Young (1993), Decision Making Style Inventory by Rowe and Mason (1987), and Psychological Well-being scale by Ryff (1989). The analysis of data revealed that most of the dimensions of personality disposition, resilience, and decision making were found to be significantly correlated with psychological well-being. The study results showed that personality dispositions, resilience, and decision making were significant predictors of psychological well-being. The gender of management graduates showed significant variation in thinking and feeling dimensions of personality dispositions, and autonomy dimension of psychological well-being. The work experience of management graduates varied significantly on some dimensions of personality dispositions. Similarly, the age of management graduates was also found to differ significantly on some dimensions of personality dispositions and psychological well-being.

Negative Academic Emotion and Psychological Well-being in Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrant Adolescents: Examining the Moderating Role of Cognitive Reappraisal.

The study aimed to explore the relationship among negative academic emotions (e.g., anxiety, shame, anger, boredom, hopelessness, disappointment, and hatred), psychological well-being (including life vitality, health concern, altruism commitment, self-value, friendly relationship, and personal development), and cognitive reappraisal in rural-to-urban migrant adolescents in China. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the relationship between psychological well-being and negative academic emotions is moderated by cognitive reappraisal. A total of 311 migrant adolescents aged 14–20 years were selected, including 132 boys and 179 girls. Results of a regression analysis showed that cognitive reappraisal (positive) and negative academic emotions were significant predictors of psychological well-being. The interaction effect between cognitive reappraisal and negative academic emotion was also a significant predictor of psychological well-being. In the simple slope analysis the group with a below average cognitive reappraisal score the negative academic emotions were associated with lower psychological well-being, whereas in the group with above average cognitive reappraisal the effect of negative academic emotions on psychological well-being was not significant. However, for those with a cognitive reappraisal score of 1 standard deviation above the average, the effect of negative academic emotions on psychological well-being was not significant. These results suggest that cognitive reappraisal was a significant moderator in the relationship between negative academic emotion and psychological well-being.

Maternal spiritual health as a predictor of psychological well-being and resilience of her young adult offspring

ABSTRACTThe unique bond between a mother and her child has drawn the attention of many researchers through the years. Yet, there is a dearth of studies that inquire maternal spiritual health and its potential manifestation through the mother–child bond. Since associations between spiritual health, resilience and psychological well-being have been established through literature, it would be interesting to study how spiritual health of a mother might be a potential source of influence in the life of her child. The current study inquires whether maternal spiritual health can predict psychological well-being and resilience in her young adult. Sample data for the study were collected from 205 families (205 mothers along with their respective young adults, N = 410). Results indicate maternal spiritual health is a significant predictor of psychological well-being (p < .01) and resilience (p < .01) of their young adults.

Beliren yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireylerde ilişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between cognitive distortions and psychological wellbeing in emerging adulthood university students. The research was carried on 253 university students who continue their education in Ataturk University Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty in 2016-2017 education years. Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale and Psychological Well Being Scale were used in the research. On the data obtained in the survey the relationship between cognitive distortions and psychological wellbeing is examined with Pearson correlation analysis, and the predictive effect of cognitive distortions in psychological wellbeing is examined with hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Research results indicate that there is a negative significant relationship between cognitive distortions avoidance of intimacy sub scale and psychological wellbeing and a positive significant relationship between mind reading and psychological wellbeing. Besides avoidance of intimacy and mind reading are significant predictors of psychological wellbeing.

The Contribution of Instructor, Peer and University Support for Promoting Psychological Well-Being among Students in the Amhara Regional Universities

Success in higher education is most commonly indexed in Ethiopia with academic success despite the fact that the major factor undergirding this success appears to be non-academic in nature. The main intent of this study was to examine one of these academic profiles of university students (i.e., psychological wellbeing) and the extent to which it was affected by perceived (university, peer group and instructors) support services. Data were collected from a sample of 384 students (217 males and 167 females) drawn from three universities (Bahir Dar, Wollo, and Debre Tabor) in the Amhara Regional State. Structured questionnaire composed of various components originally developed by experts in the field was used for the present study; in fact after validating the sub scales. Findings indicated that psychological wellbeing general score, ‘environmental mastery’, ‘purpose in life’, and ‘self-acceptance’ were lower compared to autonomy, personal growth, and relationship with others. Female students and those from lower family income group were more vulnerable than their counterparts unlike grade level in which, contrary to previous research, little differences were noted in psychological well-being among students of different university grade levels. It was also found that university support, teacher support, and peer support were perceived to be lower. Yet, peer support and teacher support were found to be significant predictors of psychological well-being compared to university support that proved to be less useful. The results were discussed and recommendations were forwarded to fill in the gaps noted.

Quality of Life as Predictor of Psychological Well-being, Self-care and Psychosocial Adjustment in Patients with Type II Diabetes after Initial Unilateral Minor Amputation

OBJECTIVE: The present research investigated the role of perceived quality of life as significant predictor of psychological well-being, self-care and psychosocial adjustment among patients with type II diabetes initially after minor unilateral amputation. HYPOTHESIS: The quality of life is likely to predict the psychological well-being, psychosocial adjustment and self-care in patients with type II diabetes, gone through initial unilateral minor amputation. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross Sectional descriptive. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 200 patients with type II diabetes was taken; 100 with minor amputation and 100 without amputation. The age ranged between 40 to 60 years. A written informed consent was taken in addition to departmental permission to collect the data from indoor and outdoor units of three main hospitals of Lahore including Jinnah Hospital, Arif Diabetics and Mayo hospital, Lahore. The study was carried between Sep, 2015 to December, 2015. The major study constructs were measured by using Urdu translated measures including Diabetes Related Quality of Life Scale, Psychological Well-being Scale and Social Adjustment Scale- self report (SAS-SR); and Self-care Inventory. Regression analysis was carried out to assess the role of quality of life as significant predictor. RESULTS: The results revealed that quality of life emerged as significant positive predictor of psychological well-being, self-care and psychosocial adjustment in patients with diabetes who have gone through minor amputation. CONCLUSION: Quality of life is significant positive predictor and by enhancing the Perceived quality of life of patients with diabetes and minor amputation through psycho-education and counseling, the psychological well-being, psychosocial adjustment and self-case behaviors can be improved.

Metacognitive Skills, Academic Success and Exam Anxiety as the Predictors of Psychological Well-being

The purpose of this research was to investigate the predicting effect of high school students’ metacognitive skills, exam anxiety and academic success levels upon their psychological well-being in a provincial center with a medium-scale population in Eastern Anatolian Region. The research group included totally 251 high school students including 149 females and 102 males between 14 and 19 years old. Psychological Well-Being Scale, Metacognitive Skills Scale, and Personal Information Form were used in the research. According to the results, it was determined that there was a positive significant relationship between psychological well-being and metacognitive skills and academic success average, and a negative significant relationship between psychological well-being and exam anxiety. It was also specified that there was a negative significant relationship between exam anxiety and metacognitive skills, and a positive significant relationship between metacognitive skills and academic success average. Finally, metacognitive skills, exam anxiety and academic success average were noticed to be significant predictors of psychological well-being. In this model, it was revealed that success average explained =.30 of psychological well-being, academic success average and metacognitive skill explained =.46 of the variance together, and the triple model including academic success average, metacognitive skill and exam anxiety explained =.57 of the variance.

Psychological Well-Being in Awaiting-Trial Inmates: The Roles of Loneliness and Social Support

This research examined the roles of loneliness and social support as predictors of psychological well-being in awaiting-trial inmates. Participants were 300 awaiting-trial inmates of Enugu Prison Command. There were 200 (73.33%) male inmates and 80 (26.66%) female inmates in the sample. Their ages ranged between 18 years and 69 years (Mean age = 43.50 years; Standard Deviation = 5.21). Purposive sampling method was adopted in the sample selection; and participation in the study was anonymous. Three instruments – the short-form University of California, Los Angeles loneliness scale (ULS-8), the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), and the psychological well-being scale (PWB-S), were used for data collection. Analysis of data was conducted with multiple regressions and correlations (MRC). Results showed that loneliness and social support were significant predictors of psychological well-being. The findings failed to confirm the first hypothesis, but confirmed the second hypothesis. Discussion highlighted the need to establish vocational training facilities and other social services in prisons to constructively engage prison inmates in meaningful tasks.

Examining the predicting effect of mindfulness on psychological well-being among undergraduate students: A structural equation modelling approach

In many countries, university students experience various stressors that may negatively affect their psychological well-being (PWB). Hence, they are at risk for physical and mental problems. This research aimed to examine the predicting effects of mindfulness, self-efficacy, and social support on psychological well-being among undergraduate students. A non-experimental research was conducted at a university in the Philippines. Power analysis was used to calculate an adequate sample size and a convenience sampling of 630 was recruited. Data were collected through online self-reported questionnaires from year 2013 to 2015. Descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and structural equation modelling were performed to analyse the research data. Results showed that the participants were mostly Filipino, female, Christian, and in Schools of Nursing and Medicine. Mindfulness, self-efficacy, support from family, support from friends, and support from significant others were significant predictors of psychological well-being. Mindfulness was the strongest predictor of positive psychological well-being whereas self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of negative PWB. Psychosocial interventions, with the focus on strengthening mindfulness and self-efficacy, could be delivered to students to help enhance psychological well-being among undergraduate students. More studies can be undertaken to test the interventions and multi-centred research can be conducted to enhance generalisability of research findings.

The Association between Bullying Experience related to Clinical Placement and Psychological Well-being in Nursing Students

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of bullying and to examine the effect of bullying on psychological well-being including depression, self-esteem, and academic major satisfaction among nursing students during clinical training. Methods: Three hundreds one nursing students who were recruited from three universities in D City were assessed with self-report questionnaires of bullying experience and psychological well-being. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program, which included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: More than three quarters of the participants experienced bullying during their clinical training, and their experience of being bullied was a significant predictor of psychological well-being even after controlling for perceived academic performance, relationship between nurses and students, teachers’ or nurses’ help to deal with bullying, and religion. Conclusion: Bullying was an issue among nursing students during clinical placement. Bullying experience yielded negative psychological outcomes associated with high depression, low self-esteem, and low academic major satisfaction. Practical guidelines are required in nursing education to protect students from the possible harm of bullying in clinical settings during training.

Poor mental health in severely obese patients is not explained by the presence of comorbidities.

The prevalence of obesity, especially severe obesity where body mass index (BMI) exceeds 40 kg m(-2) and where the physical risks are greatest, is increasing. However, little is known about the impact of severe obesity on psychological well-being and self-rated health (SRH). We aimed to investigate this relationship in patients attending an Irish weight management clinic. SRH was measured with a single-item inventory (excellent = 1, poor = 5). Well-being was measured with the validated World Health Organization-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5), in which scores <13 indicate poor well-being. Previous studies of the Irish population have reported mean SRH = 2.56 (males) and 2.53 (females) and mean well-being = 16.96. One hundred eighty-two (46.8%) completed questionnaires were returned. The sample was representative of the clinic population with a mean age of 47.1, mean baseline BMI of 51.9 kg m(-2) and 64.3% females. Mean SRH was 3.73 in males and 3.30 in females; mean well-being was 10.27 in males and 10.52 in females. In the final multivariable models, number of medications, depression and obstructive sleep apnoea, WHO-5 and current BMI were significant predictors of SRH, and secondary level education, social support and mindfulness scores were significant predictors of psychological well-being. Number of medications was not significant. The results suggest that the poor psychological well-being seen is not explained by the presence of comorbidities and that social support and mindfulness may be important targets for improving psychological well-being. Improving psychological well-being in addition to weight loss and effective management of comorbidities may be important for improving SRH.