Significant Number Of Advantages Research Articles

Impact and consequences of CBDC development on monetary policy

The purpose of the paper is to identify the reasons for the implementation of CBDCs, to clarify their characteristics, differences and similarities with cybercurrencies, the opportunities they provide for different categories of users and the monetary policy of the state, as well as to identify the benefits and threats arising from their implementation and to identify the main opportunities to avoid the threats caused by the implementation of CBDCs. The methodological and theoretical basis of the paper is based on the scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists, analytical and statistical information on the impact of CBDC on society, the population, and the state’s monetary policy, as well as regulations created to regulate monetary policy. During the study, the methods of comparative and empirical analysis and synthesis, as well as a systematic approach were used. Digital technologies are part of progress, and they are gradually penetrating all areas of the economy. This process also has an impact on monetary policy through the introduction of new payment systems and mechanisms, as well as currencies. At the present stage, cybercurrencies have become widespread, and with it, many governments have begun to study or develop their own cybercurrencies – CBDCs. Such currencies can be retail, wholesale, and hybrid depending on their application. Along with a significant number of advantages that these currencies bring, they also have a number of disadvantages and possible threats to both users and the state’s monetary policy. The paper has led to the conclusion that by implementation of new technologies, it is important to maintain a balance between them and traditional financial instruments. It is also important to ensure that there is an alternative in case of emergencies and to avoid governments manipulating the population’s dependence on electronic money and the array of personal information associated with it.

Non‐orthogonal multiple access‐based task processing and energy optimization in vehicular edge computing networks

SummaryVehicular edge computing (VEC) is envisioned as a promising approach to process explosive vehicle tasks, where vehicles can choose to upload tasks to nearby edge nodes for processing. However, since the communication between vehicles and edge nodes is via wireless network, which means the channel condition is complex. Moreover, in reality, the arrival time of each vehicle task is stochastic, so efficient communication methods should be designed for VEC. As one of the key communication technologies in 5G, non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can effectively increase the number of simultaneous transmission tasks and enhance transmission performance. In this article, we design a NOMA‐based task allocation scheme to improve the VEC system. We first establish the mathematical model and divide the allocation of tasks into two processes: the transmission process and the computation process. In the transmission process, we adopt the NOMA technique to upload the tasks in batches. In the computation process, we use a high response‐ratio strategy to determine the computation order. Then we define the optimization objective as maximizing task completion rate and minimizing task energy consumption, which is an integer nonlinear problem with lots of integer variables and cannot be solved directly. Through further analysis, we design a heuristics algorithm which we name as the AECO (average energy consumption optimization) algorithm. By using the AECO, we obtain the optimal allocation strategy by constantly adjusting the optimal variables. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm has a significant number of advantages.

THE USAGE OF AUGMENTEDCLASS APPLICATION FOR GRAPHIC COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS OF THE 5th-7th GRADES IN THE PROCESS OF CREATING AUGMENTED REALITY PROJECTS

The article examines the usage of the AugmentedClass application for graphic competence development of students of the 5th-7th grades while creating augmented reality projects. The application’s main functions and interface are described. Methods and techniques that contribute to students’ graphic skills development are presented as well. The advantages of using augmented reality technology in the educational process are considered, in particular, increasing students’ interest in learning and stimulating their creativity. The need to integrate the AugmentedClass application into the educational process is emphasized, which will improve the quality of education and provide active and exciting educational activities for students of the 5th-7th grades. Attention is focused on the fact that the main aspects of graphic competence development are interest, creativity, and skills in using graphic tools, which can be successfully developed with the help of the AugmentedClass application.
 It has been found that the usage of augmented reality in the field of education provides students with a significant number of advantages: augmented reality stimulates students’ interest in educational material thanks to interactive content and expands the educational process by providing new competencies and innovative forms of working with the audience, gamification, competitive elements, and cognitive stimuli used in augmented reality activate and motivate students to more independent educational and cognitive activities. Also, the usage of innovative educational tasks, including augmented reality, helps to stimulate students’ educational activity and makes the learning process more exciting and attractive, as well as the usage of augmented reality promotes students’ personal quality development, which is of particular importance for Ukrainian general secondary education institutions, helping to increase their self-esteem and positive attitude to learning.

Prospects for digital transformation of the monetary systems

The active digitalization of financial markets generates new types of digital financial assets, and also raises questions about prospects of the national monetary systems development, taking into account the emerging digital financial instruments. The authors present the results of a study conducted via interviewing respondents about their attitude to cryptocurrencies, about the likelihood of cashless economies, and about the impact of economy digitalization on changing people’s lives. Current scientific studies show that a significant part of authors is inclined to believe that current digitalization trends will lead to the complete disappearance of cash, including cryptocurrencies will play an important role in this process. Low financial literacy, possible failures in electronic payment systems, the difficulty of adaptation for certain groups of the population are the reasons that delay the transition to cashless economies. However, a significant number of advantages that digital assets provide for the development of the economy, and the positive attitude of society to the changes taking place in the process of digital transformation, contribute to a further change in the monetary system.

Theoretical Analysis of PAPR Companding Techniques for FBMC Systems

The offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) with filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) has turn on considerable interest in last decades over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) because of their a significant number of advantages. However, largest peak to average power ratio (PAPR) minimization techniques developed for OFDM systems may not be applicable directly for OQAM-FBMC systems, due to the super-imposed formation of OQAM-FBMC signals. In this article, the issue of power ratio reduction technique is address theoretically and complementary cumulative distribution function for OQAM-FBMC systems using various companding transforms are analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results shows that the $$\mu$$ -law companding method is efficiently reduced PAPR among all other companding techniques.

Innovative Technologies of Production of Raw Dished All-muscle Products Based on Poultry Meat

Topicality. The new product technology development requires special attention to the raw materials which is used. Promising for processing and valuable in its composition poultry meat is not adapted to standard technologies and production modes and requires careful study. The study of these factors will expand the range of food meat products and provide the consumer market with high quality poultry products .Purpose and research methods. The purpose of the research is to develop the technology of a new raw all-muscle product from poultry meat of guaranteed quality. The methodological basis of the research is a comprehensive approach both when setting tasks for the production of meat products, and during the conduct and analysis of research results.Research results. The course of changes in samples (control and experiment) during production of crude all-muscle products on physicochemical, microbiological, organoleptic indicators has been investigated. It was found that in the process of production in all samples there was a change in chemical composition, which was associated with a decrease in the quantitative moisture content and an increase in dry matter – protein, fat and minerals. On day 11, the moisture content in the test sample was lower by 9.3% than in the control. A similar dynamics of decrease was observed for pH and water activity throughout the production time of the product. The required, safe level of water activity (0.816) was achieved on the 11th day of dry­ing-fermentation. In the test sample, the amount of lactic acid microflora gradually increased and at the end of the drying process was 1.3 times higher than at the beginning of fermentation. The safety of the test product was determined in the absence of BGKP. On the 11th day of manufacture in the prototype BGKP were absent, in the control - on the 14th day. According to organoleptic parameters, the product using bacterial preparations had a significant number of advantages over control.Conclusions and discussions. The influence regularities of non-traditional raw materials (poultry meat, functional taste and aromatic ingredients and bacterial preparations on the process of production of raw whole muscle product based on poultry meat) have been studied. It has been established that their complex application contributed to the intensification of production processes and the manufacture of a safe product of guaranteed quality in 11 days.

Analytical study on seismic performance of bed joint reinforced solid brick masonry walls

It is notable that brick work structures endure a lot of harm during seismic tremors, prompting huge loss of lives. Practically 75% of the disaster, credited to seismic tremor in a century ago, is because of breakdown of workmanship structures [1]. A greater part of the apartments in India are Unreinforced Masonry (URM) structures that are powerless and helpless much under moderate quakes and due to high wind forces out-of-plane action is acting on the wall which makes a severe damage at high wind loads and it is well known that Reinforced masonry construction has got a significant number of advantages than the masonry without reinforcement, whose application is very less in Indian construction practices and still there are no specified codes prescribed and in most constructions there been used shear walls instead of reinforced masonry walls even at the moderate earthquakes [2]. On the other hand, a great need to focus on understanding masonry buildings that are subjected to both axial loaded and seismic loads [3]. The main objective of this paper is to study the methods available in the literature to obtain the seismic vulnerability of un-reinforced masonry walls using linear static analysis [4]. To achieve this, analysis (Staad.Pro software) have been carried out as a part of this research. Two walls with same dimensions with an unreinforced and bed type reinforced masonry were analysed under uniaxial loading. A constant axial compressive load was maintained for each specimen during the analysis [5]. Idealized Load vs Deflection plots are used to describe the wall deflections and maximum stresses evolved by using STAAD.Pro. The final outcome of this performance analysis declares the efficiency of Reinforced masonry walls over the masonry walls without reinforcement under both axial and seismic loads (Load vs Maximum shear stress).

Research of the Efficiency of the Fire Fighting Roof Composition for Cane

Results of experimental researches about affectivity of firebiopotection products made from cane. Due to the unique properties of the cane, such as small volume weight, low thermal conductivity, rather high atmospheric resistance, high chemical resistance, the possibility of manufacturing parts at the site, efficiency, etc., cane products, despite the high pace of new technologies, are widely used in construction. Using cane in construction has a significant number of advantages, but needs protection from fire, from it produce a variety of products, equip the buildings. The unresolved issue of fire protection of products from such materials reduces the possibility of their use in construction. The experimental research on the determination of the fire-safety properties of the cane set the ignition of the raw sample, while for fire-proof - the process of ignition and propagation of the flame did not occur. Especially inhibition of the process of ignition and propagation of cane fire treated with a covering impregnation solution, which consist of fire retardants under the influence of temperature with the absorption of heat and the release of non-combustible gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide), change in the direction of the expansion in the direction of formation of non-combustible gases and heavy-duty coke residue, reducing the combustion of the material and, accordingly, the index of flammability. This indicates the possibility of directed control of the processes of transfer of high temperature to organic material by using special covering compositions for cane products.

Deterioration of xlpe insulation in high voltage cable systems and testing of quality by applying pulses of high voltage

The wide spreading of energy distribution power cable lines made by means of applying cables with insulation made of cross-linked polyethylene usually is associated with a significant number of advantages in terms of better technical performance that such cables have in comparison with traditional cables with paper-impregnated insulation. Nevertheless, the necessity to ensure a sufficient level of production quality, as well as the requirements for increasing the operating time of power cable lines, make it urgent to develop insulation quality control methods, including control methods which imply applying of testing impulses that simulate overvoltages that occur in power systems due to lightning strikes. The other aspect of this problem is the necessity of the elaboration of physical models for the description of deterioration of XLPE insulation of power cables under the impact of various external factors. For recent years the problem of testing XLPE insulation by high voltage pulses, similarly to the problem of elaboration of physical models for the description of deterioration of XLPE insulation, have been considered by many authors. This paper gives a brief review of some main recent research that have been focused on the problem of endurance and aging of XLPE insulation due to overvoltage caused by various reasons. The main scope was focused on the problem of testing the endurance of XLPE insulation to the voltage pulses that imitate overvoltage due to lightning strikes. Some of the theories of aging of dielectric materials under the impact of impulse and alternating electrical fields and the influence of these factors on lifetime of dielectric materials have also been discussed.

PROBLEM ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF THE LEGAL INSTITUTE OF CONSOLIDATED TAXPAYERS’ GROUPS IN RUSSIA

The subject. The article is devoted to the prerequisites of the emergence and essential characteristics of the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups in Russia and abroad, revealing of advantages and disadvantages of the legal regulation of the creation and operation of consolidated groups of payers of corporate profits tax, analyzing results and directions of the development of tax consolidation in Russian Federation.The purpose of the article is to identify positive and negative aspects of the functioning of the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups in Russia with the establishment of prospects of tax consolidation and the likely directions of its development.The description of the problem field. The development of the world economic system stimulates the emergence of new forms of management, characterized by the enlargement of busi-ness, the pooling of resources of individual enterprises into a single system in order to optimize entrepreneurial activity. These trends are reflected in the development of tax systems of various countries, that is expressed in the formation of institutions of consolidated taxpayers’ groups. Tax consolidation in Russia is a relatively new phenomenon, and it seems necessary to examine this institution from the law enforcement point of view, to evaluate its effectiveness.Methods and methodology. The authors used methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical methods of investigation.Results and the scope of its application. The authors note that the institution of tax consolidation today is presented in the tax systems of most modern countries.The practice of applying the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups testifies to the existence of a significant number of advantages and disadvantages of tax consolidation in Russia. The moratorium on the creation of consolidated taxpayers’ groups, due to the contradictory nature of their influence on the structure of regional budgets, the main directions of the tax policy of Russia testify to the forthcoming reform of tax consolidation in Russia.Conclusions. The emergence of the institution of tax consolidation is a natural consequence of the development of the world economy. Most developed countries of the world actively introduce elements of consolidation into taxation systems, successfully providing a balance between the positive and negative consequences of its implementation. Meanwhile, the level of preparation and implementation of tax consolidation in Russia at the moment is not high enough, so the institution requires a consistent reform.

Effect of Adherend Recessing on the Tensile Strength of Single Lap Joints

Bonded joints are gaining importance in many fields of manufacturing owing to a significant number of advantages to the traditional methods. The single lap joint (SLJ) is the most commonly used method. The use of material or geometric changes in SLJ reduces peel and shear peak stresses at the damage initiation sites. In this work, the effect of adherend recessing at the overlap edges on the tensile strength of SLJ, bonded with a brittle adhesive, was experimentally and numerically studied. The recess dimensions (length and depth) were optimized for different values of overlap length (L O), thus allowing the maximization of the joint's strength by the reduction of peak stresses at the overlap edges. The effect of recessing was also investigated by a finite element (FE) analysis and cohesive zone modelling (CZM), which allowed characterizing the entire fracture process and provided joint strength predictions. For this purpose, a static FE analysis was performed in ABAQUS® considering geometric nonlinearities. In the end, the experimental and FE results revealed the accuracy of the FE analysis in predicting the strength and also provided some design principles for the strength improvement of SLJ using a relatively simple and straightforward technique.

A Perspective on Small Reactor Licensing and Implementation

A great deal of interest has developed recently in the implementation of small reactors in the United States and abroad. Small reactors may offer a significant number of advantages over larger reactors. The diversity of size, design, configuration, and construction features and their planned utilization for nonelectrical power applications as well as traditional power applications pose significant challenges to the current U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulatory structure. The current structure is geared toward nontransportable, commercial, electrical power-producing, light water-cooled reactors utilizing traditional nuclear fuel designs. The NRC is currently engaged in a number of preapplication discussions concerning small reactor designs encompassing three distinctively different technologies. These are integral light water reactors, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, and liquid metal-cooled reactors. Light water reactor technology-based power generation small reactors will fit best in the current NRC regulatory framework.In response to the anticipated licensing workload, the NRC has implemented organizational changes and has increased its focus in areas supporting the licensing of small reactors. Although the licensing of small reactors has to comply with the requirements imposed by the Atomic Energy Act and the National Environmental Policy Act, there are significant design differences among the various proposed small reactors and the currently licensed reactor designs that result in a number of issues that need to be resolved to properly comply with these statutory requirements. Given the diversity of small reactor designs, a regulatory structure that provides licensing flexibility combined with the required degree of safety assurance would be needed. This is likely to involve a risk-informed and technology-neutral regulatory approach.

Can Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Replace Abdominal Hysterectomy for Large Uteri?

Study Objective: Uterine fibroids may rarely grow to a large volume which traditionally requires abdominal hysterectomy. Laparoscopic hysterectomy for large fibroid uteri is technically a difficult procedure but has a significant number of advantages, primarily decreased discomfort, decreased hospital time, and decreased wound infection rate. The objective of the study is to report our experience with large fibroid uteri.