Significant Increase In VO2max Research Articles

INCREASING VO2MAX OF STUDENTS IN THE SPORTS COACHING EDUCATIONAL STUDY PROGRAM OF GUNUNG LEUSER ACEH UNIVERSITY THROUGH THE INTERVAL TRAINING METHOD

The aim of this research is to determine the increase in VO2Max using the Interval Training training method in students of the Sports Coaching Education Study Program at Gunung Leuser University, Aceh. This research is experimental research. The research sample consisted of 78 people, with total sampling. The design used in the research is Pre Test–Post Test Group Design. The research instrument uses a bleep test. Hypothesis testing used the paired t-test analysis technique (independent sample t-test) using SPSS with a significance level of p=0.05. Descriptive data analysis. The results of data analysis using the paired t-test showed an increase after carrying out the Interval Training training method for 6 weeks with a frequency of 3 times a week with the results of the pre-test. The results of the paired t-test between pre-test and post-test data on students of the Sports Coaching Education Study Program at Gunung Leuser University, Aceh were obtained with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means there was a significant increase in VO2Max among students of the University's Sports Coaching Education Study Program. Mount Leuser Aceh.

The Effect of Concurrent Training on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Serum Estradiol and Physical Fitness Indicators in Overweight Women With Type 2 Diabetes

Background and Purpose: Considering that diabetic patients have low physical fitness and are prone to cardiovascular diseases, there is a need to conduct studies for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. The present study investigates the effect of concurrent training (CT) on some cardiovascular risk factors, serum estradiol, and physical fitness indicators in overweight women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. A total of 30 women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into CT and control (CON) groups. Concurrent training was performed for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The CT program included resistance training with elastic bands, running with an intensity of 70%-85% of the maximum heart rate, and skipping rope training with 40-45 jumps per minute. Forty-eight hours before and after the intervention, blood samples were collected from all participants in a fasting state to evaluate serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol levels, and estradiol. The VO2 max and upper body and lower body strength indicators were also assessed in all participants. The data was analyzed using the statistical method of ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: The results showed a significant increase in VO2 max, serum estradiol, upper and lower body muscle strength, and a significant decrease in serum triglyceride and glucose in the CT group compared to the CON group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio and total cholesterol (P>0.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of concurrent training can improve physical fitness indicators and some cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women with type 2 diabetes.

Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys

BackgroundSoccer is one of the most attractive sports around the globe for children and adolescents, and the benefits of soccer training are often shown. Due to the intermittent character of soccer with random changes between high-intensity activity and low-intensity play, athletes’ aerobic (respiratory) capacity is specifically stimulated. However, little is known about the effects of regular soccer practice on pulmonary diffusion capacity (TL) in young players, even though it is the most popular sport in the world.ObjectivesTo analyze the effects of 28 weeks of regular soccer training versus a non-activity control period on the TL, the alveolar-capillary membrane diffusion capacity (DM) as well as the capillary blood volume (Vc) in healthy prepubertal boys aged 6 to 10 years.MethodsFor this purpose, boys were randomly assigned to a soccer training group (SG, n = 40) or a control group (CG, n = 40). Pre and post-intervention, all participants performed an all-out graded bicycle ergometer test to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal aerobic power (MAP). A respiratory maneuver was performed at rest and just at the end of the test to measure the TL for carbon monoxide (TLCO) and nitric oxide (TLNO), DM, as well as Vc.ResultsThere were no significant baseline between-group differences for any of the assessed parameters (p > 0.05). Significant group-by-time interactions were found for most pulmonary parameters measured at rest (p < 0.05), with effect size (ES) values ranging from small-to-large (0.2 < ES < 4.0), except for VA (p = 0.3, ES = 0.006). Post-hoc tests indicated significant DM (p < 0.05; 0.2 < ES < 4.0), TLNO (p < 0.01; 0.22 < ES < 4.0), TLCO (p < 0,01; 0.24 < ES < 4.0) and Vc (p = 0.01; 0.404 < ES < 0.6) improvements for SG but not CG. Significant group-by-time effects were identified for HRmax and VO2max (p < 0.001; ES = 0.5 and p = 0.005; ES = 0.23 respectively). The post-hoc analyses indicated a significant decrease in HRmax and a significant increase in VO2max in the SG (p < 0.001; ES = 0.5 and p = 0.005, ES = 0.23, respectively) but not in CG. Values for TLCO increased by almost 20%; Vc of 14% DM of 8% and VA of 10% at the end of maximal exercise in SG. Furthermore, the percentage improvement was less notable in the control group (7.5% for TLCO; 2% for Vc; 5% for DM and 4% for VA).ConclusionRegular soccer training significantly improves pulmonary vascular function and increases DM and Vc after exercise in prepubertal boys. The observed adaptations are most likely due to better recruitment of additional pulmonary capillary function. However, the stepwise linear regression analyses indicated that increases in pulmonary vascular function were not related to improvements in VO2max and MAP.

The impact of modified walking exercise incorporating intensity variations on increasing aerobic endurance

The aim of this study was to the effect of modified forms of exercise on increasing VO2Max in college students. In particular, This study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of interval training modifications, particularly in the form of walking exercises, in increasing VO2Max in college students. This study followed a quantitative approach, using an experimental design known as the one-group pre-test and post-test design. Cooper's test is used as a research instrument in this study. The study was undertaken with participants from the Department of Sports Development, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for implementing a modified form of interval training, especially using walking patterns, to increase VO2Max in college students. Data analysis technique using Paired Sample t Test. The treatment group that underwent walking exercise experienced a significant increase in VO2Max, although the level of significance varied. In particular, the walking treatment group showed a significant increase with a significance value of 0.000.

Effects of a 4-week Multicomponent Exercise (Vivifrail) on Predicted Maximum Oxygen Consumption and Fatigue Levels in the Elderly with Frailty Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Frailty syndrome (FS) impairs cardiorespiratory fitness, physical capacity, and disability in the elderly population. Vivifrail, a multicomponent exercise, has shown significant benefits for FS management, but research in the Asian population is still limited. This study aims to see how 4-week Vivifrail program affects predicted maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and fatigue levels in the elderly with FS. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 47 participants with FS living in a nursing home in Surabaya, Indonesia. The participants were randomly assigned to either the Vivifrail group (VG) and the control group (CG). The VG followed the 5 days a week Vivifrail program combined with 15 min daily group-based conventional exercise for 4 weeks. The CG was only given the conventional exercise. Six-minute walking test and the Indonesian version of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS-I) were measured to assess VO2max dan and fatigue levels before and after the 4-week intervention. Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, a significant increase in VO2max and decrease in FSS-I were found in the VG (P = 0.021 and P = 0.002, respectively), whereas no significant changes in VO2max or FSS-I were found in the CG (P = 0.170 and P = 0.052). However, there was no statistically significant difference in VO2max between groups (P = 0.716), but the decline of FSS-I between groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The addition of Vivifrail exercise for 4 weeks can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and decrease fatigue levels. This supports the routine use of Vivifrail for Indonesian elderly with FS who live in nursing homes.

The effect of moderate-intensity exercises on physical fitness, adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors in Saudi males university students.

Physical inactivity has been linked to several non-communicable diseases. This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of moderate-intensity exercise on physical fitness, adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors in 284 Saudi male university students in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia between 2017 and 2019. The physical activity (PA) intervention comprised three (120 minutes each) sessions of moderate intensity on non-consecutive days each week, delivering a total of 360 minutes of PA per week for ten weeks. We measured physical fitness using VO2 max calculations and assessed adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors using a range of parameters, such as systolic/diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, body adiposity index, and body fat percentage. Our study found a significant increase in VO2 max after ten weeks of moderate-intensity exercise (<0.001). Additionally, body adiposity indices were significantly reduced before and after the intervention (p<0.001), as were cardiovascular risk factors. Our findings suggest that regular moderate-intensity exercise effectively improves physical fitness, decreases adiposity, and lowers cardiovascular risk factors in Saudi male adults. We recommend that policymakers and public health practitioners increase physical activity among university students by launching a campaign on social media and through.

The Effect of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on V02 Max Overweight Adolescents

This study aimed to determine the effect of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on V02 Max in overweight adolescents. This study used an experimental method with pre and post-test designs on 20 overweight adolescents according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the MICT group. The control group did not do the exercise. The MICT group exercised by running for 30 minutes (64-76% of maximal heart rate), three times per week for four weeks. VO2 Max capacity was measured using a multi-stage fitness test by running back and forth with a 20-meter track. The results showed that there was a significant increase in VO2 max in the MICT group (p=0.00). In the control group, there was a decrease in V02 Max, but there was no significant difference (p=0.869). There was a significant difference in V02 Max between the MICT group and the control group (p=0.005). In conclusion, MICT over four weeks can increase the V02 Max in overweight adolescents.

The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Athletic Performance in Recovered and Uninfected COVID-19 Athletes during Post-COVID-19 Period

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced athletes worldwide. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise program on athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes during the post-COVID-19 period. Methods: Fourteen male student-athletes aged 18 - 25 years from Imam Khomeini International University participated in this study. The participants comprised 7 recovered COVID-19 athletes and 7 athletes with no prior COVID-19 infection. The study employed a pre-test/post-test design conducted in 2 phases. During the pre and post-test phases, participants underwent baseline assessments of athletic performance, including maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and anaerobic power. Subsequently, the participants engaged in a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes within groups were compared using paired t-tests, while independent t-tests were utilized for comparisons between the recovered COVID-19 athlete group and the uninfected athlete group. Results: Independent t-tests demonstrated significant increases in VO2 max and peak power after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in both the recovered COVID-19 group (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001) and the uninfected COVID-19 group (P = 0.012, P = 0.001). However, dependent t-tests revealed a significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the uninfected COVID-19 group in the post-test of VO2 max (P = 0.044) and peak power (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that a 4-week aerobic exercise regimen can improve athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes. However, recovered COVID-19 athletes exhibited a notably slower rate of improvement compared to their uninfected counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to aerobic exercise, recovered athletes integrate supplementary strategies to optimize their return-to-sport timeline and maximize performance recovery.

Improving Capacity of Older Adults with Locomotive Syndrome Stage 1 Living in Nursing Home: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

Aging causes locomotive syndrome (LS), which is characterized by difficulty in walking. The present study determined the effects of locomotion training and regular aerobic exercise programs on the aerobic capacity of older nursing home residents with LS stage 1. This randomized controlled trial included 24 participants aged 60-80 years with LS stage 1 residing in a single nursing home in Surabaya, Indonesia. The participants were randomly assigned to either the locomotion training group (LTG) or the control group (CG). Both the groups performed 30 minutes of a daily group-based aerobic exercise program for 8 weeks. The LTG performed additional locomotion training three times weekly, with three sets per session, gradually increasing to five sets per session according to the participant's tolerance. Two-minute walking test (2MWT) values before and after the 8-week intervention were determined in both the groups and converted to maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) values. After 8 weeks of intervention, a significant increase in VO2max was observed in both the groups (both p&lt;0.05). The LTG showed a more significant improvement in VO2max (p&lt;0.05) compared to the CG. The study results demonstrated the positive effect of 8 weeks of locomotion training and regular aerobic exercise programs in improving the aerobic capacity of older adult nursing home residents with LS stage 1.

Twelve Weeks of Aerobic Training to Increase VO₂max in Sedentary Young Males

Study purpose. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of three sessions of aerobic training, for a period of 12 weeks, on VO2max and on the distance covered during the test.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. Fifteen sedentary males were recruited in this study. VO2max was investigated using Cooper test. Aerobic intervention lasted for 12 weeks. The exercise the subjects were performing for the first 6 weeks was supervised aerobic training, 3 times per week at 60–75% of heart rate max (HRmax) (The first two weeks at 60–65 % HRmax, third and fourth week at 65–70% HRmax, fifth and sixth week at 70–75% HRmax). Afterwards, the subjects continued supervised aerobic training for 6 weeks until the twelfth week at 70–75% HRmax.&#x0D; Results. After 8 weeks of aerobic training, a significant increase in distance covered during the Cooper test (p&lt;0.001) and a significant increase in VO2max (p &lt; 0.001) were observed.&#x0D; Conclusions. In this study, it was found that 12 weeks of aerobic training have a positive impact on VO2max improvement and, therefore, completing 3 sessions of this type of training per week has a positive impact on aerobic parameters.

Effects of a 10-Week Physical Activity Intervention on Asylum Seekers' Physiological Health.

Introduction: The rise in armed conflicts has contributed to an increase in the number of asylum seekers. Prolonged asylum processes may negatively affect asylum seekers’ health and lead to inactivity. Studies show that physical activity interventions are associated with improvements in health outcomes. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating the associations of physical activity on asylum seekers’ health. Methods: Participants (263 males and 204 females), mostly from Syria, were assessed before and after a 10-week intervention for VO2 max, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat, and visceral fat. Linear mixed models were used to test differences within groups, and a linear regression model analysis was performed to test whether physiological variables predicted adherence. Results: Participants’ VO2 max increased: males by 2.96 mL/min/kg and females 2.57 mL/min/kg. Increased SMM percentages were seen in both genders: females by 0.38% and males 0.23%. Visceral fat area decreased: males by 0.73 cm2 and females 5.44 cm2. Conclusions: Participants showed significant increases in VO2 max and SMM and decreased visceral fat. This study provides an insight into asylum seekers’ health and serves as a starting point to new interventions in which physical activity is used as a tool to promote and improve vulnerable populations’ health.

P369 BIOCIRCUIT®: A NEW SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING EXERCISE CAPACITY IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular diseases is one of the most important public health problems; are among the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality. Those who survive to an acute form become chronically ill with repercussions on the quality of life and on the economic and social costs. Secondary prevention through an intervention aimed to modify risk factors, in particular the sedentary lifestyle could be effective in the improvement of functional abilities. In this observational study carried out at the ABCardio company in Bologna (Italy), a personalized program of Physical Activity was performed through the innovative Biocircuit technology (Technogym®), on outpatients with a prevalent diagnosis of chronic ischemic heart disease. Methods We have analyzed 31 patients (M / F, 25/6) with a mean age of 61 years, and BMI of 26.4 kg / m2. Patients followed a two–month personalized physical activity program consisting in functional assessment at baseline (T0) and at the end of the program (T1) and of 2 weekly training sessions. Evaluation included: lower and upper limb isokinetic test to measure muscle strength, 500–meter moderate walking test to estimate maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Results The results obtained from the comparison between T0 and T1 in the 31 patients in study show significant improvements in the muscle strength of the lower limbs: Leg press +32.9 kg (p = 0.0003), Leg curl +11.8 kg (p &amp;lt; 0.0001), Leg extension +15.8 kg (p = 0.0002); as well as in upper limb muscle strength: Low Row +10.5 kg (p = 0.0005), Chest press +5.7 kg (p = 0.0007), Shoulder press +6.2 kg (p = 0, 0005). Estimated VO2max was also significantly improved from 26.2 mL / kg / min (T0) to 36.3 mL / kg / min (T1), with a mean increase of 10.1 mL / kg / min (p = 0, 0001). No adverse events occurred during supervised training sessions. Conclusions The program, safe and well tolerated by the patients in study, has proved to be effective in increasing exercise capacity in terms of both muscle strength and aerobic capacity. This secondary prevention intervention can be considered useful in reducing residual cardiovascular risk as it induced a significant increase in VO2max.

Effects of Stair Climbing Training on Cardiopulmonary Endurance in Gym Users

Background: Stair climbing is an effective, easy to approach and inexpensive moderate to high intensity exercise with great effects in improving functional status of individuals.High intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol is also a short time exercise with greater long term effects in improving cardiopulmonary endurance. Aim: To examine the effects of stair climbing on cardiopulmonary endurance in gym users in addition to High intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol and to measure the effects of stair climbing on blood lactate in gym users. Methods: 32 healthy individuals including males and females have been divided into two groups all the participants were gym users from past three months .Control group followed HITT protocol only and experimental group performed stair climbing in addition to HIIT protocol. Time duration of the training was 8 weeks .Individuals were assessed before and after the training for VO2max, and blood lactate. Body Mass Index, Rate of Perceived Exertion, and O2cost, modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (mCAFT) stages Blood Pressure, Heart Rate has also been assessed before and after training. Results: Results has shown the significant increase in VO2 max (p value 0.001) and lower levels of blood lactate (≤0.001) within the groups after training. There was no significant improvement in VO2max and blood lactate formation on comparison between the groups. Conclusion: Current study concluded that there was significant increase in VO2 max and blood lactate with stair climbing in addition to HIIT protocol in gym users within the groups but there is no significance between the groups. It means both the protocols been followed are significant with almost equal affects and both are equally beneficial. Keywords: Stair Climbing Training, High intensity interval training (HIIT), modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (mCAFT)

The Effect of Repetitive Whole Body Cryotherapy Treatment on Adaptations to a Strength and Endurance Training Programme in Physically Active Males.

Despite its potential merit in sport and exercise recovery, the implications of repetitive Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBC) during training programmes require further review due to the possibility of repetitive cold interfering with long term adaptations. This study investigated the impact of two weekly 3 min WBC sessions (30 s at −60°C, 150 s at −120°C) on adaptations to a 6 week strength and endurance training programme. Sixteen male participants (mean ± SD age 33.4 ± 9.8 years, body mass 82.3 ± 9.8 kg) randomly allocated into WBC (n = 7) and non-cryotherapy control (CON, n=9) groups completed the programme consisting of two weekly strength and plyometric training sessions and two weekly 30 min runs (70% VO2 max). Participants were assessed for body fat, VO2 max, muscle torque, three repetition maximum barbell squat and countermovement jump height before and after the programme. Resistance and running intensities were progressed after 3 weeks. Participants in both groups significantly improved muscle torque (WBC: 277.1 ± 63.2 Nm vs. 318.1 ± 83.4 Nm, p < 0.01, d = 0.56; CON: 244.6 ± 50.6 Nm vs. 268.0 ± 71.8 Nm, p = 0.05, d = 0.38) and barbell squat (WBC: 86.4 ± 19.5 kg vs. 98.9 ± 15.2 kg, p = 0.03, d = 0.69; CON: 91.1 ± 28.7 kg vs. 106.1 ± 30.0 kg, p < 0.01, d=0.51) following the 6 week programme. For the CON group, there was also a significant reduction in body fat percentage (p = 0.01) and significant increase in jump height (p = 0.01). There was no significant increase in VO2 max for either group (both p > 0.2). There was no difference between WBC and CON for responses in muscle torque, 3RM barbell squat and body fat, however WBC participants did not increase their jump height (p = 0.23). Repetitive WBC does not appear to blunt adaptations to a concurrent training programme, although there may be an interference effect in the development of explosive power. Sports practitioners can cautiously apply repetitive WBC to support recovery post-exercise without undue concern on athletes' fitness gains or long term performance, particularly throughout training phases focused more on general strength development than explosive power.

Immediate Effect of Buteyko Breathing Technique on VO2max in College Students

Background: The physical activity of the college-going students is reduced due to online studies during COVID19 situation because of which their cardiorespiratory endurance has also decreased.Endurance depends on oxygen transportation, blood pumping and its regulation, and the capacity of the system to extract muscular oxidative potential. Buteyko Breathing Technique‟s (BBT) main aim is to reduce the tendency to over breathe or hyperventilate through control breathing and it is also termed as „Reduce Breathing‟. BBT raises CO2 levels, which reduces pulmonary ventilation, affecting the delivery of O2 to the tissue and cells. Hence, the aim of the study is to see the immediate effect of BBT on VO2max in college students. Methodology: After explaining the whole procedure to the subject between 19 to 25 years, written informed consent was taken and pre-data VO2max was calculated through Queen‟s College Step Test. BBT was conducted and post-data VO2max was taken immediately. Result: The paired t-test revealed a statistically significant increase in VO2max and a statistical decrease in pulse rate with P &lt; 0.05.Conclusion: VO2max has increased significantly and Pulse Rate has decreased significantly immediately after BBT. Hence, there is an immediate effect of BBT on VO2max in college students.

The Effect of Simulation-based Training on Athletic Performances among Female Basketball Players

Background: The effectiveness of simulation-based training has been examined in various sports. However, considering the effect of gender and sport on training, it would be interesting to evaluate simulation-based training in female basketball. Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of simulation-based training on physical fitness and performance indices in female basketball players. Methods: Sixteen female semi-professional basketball players were randomly assigned to experimental (n=8; age, 25±2 years; weight, 62±9 kg; height, 167±8 cm) or control (n=8; age, 24±1 years; weight, 57±9 kg; height, 170±8 cm) groups. The experimental group participated in a six week basketball simulation training program including running with different speeds (jogging to sprinting), agility, jumping, and shuffling. Both groups performed the Cooper 12 min run, line drill, an adjusted T-test, 20 ms print, the Sargent vertical jump and basketball exercise simulation test before and after six weeks of the study period. Control and experimental groups performed typical basketball training, three times weekly. The overall training volume was similar for both groups. Results: The perceived exertion was higher in the simulation-based training than control (p&lt;0.05) group. The findings of this study indicated a significant increase in VO2 max (p=0.001), anaerobic power (p=0.009), explosive leg strength (p=0.036), and total distance covered in basketball exercise simulation test (p=0.001) and decrease of the meantime of one round of basketball exercise simulation test (p=0.001) in the simulation training compared to the control group. Conclusion: Generally incorporation of the simulation-based training in conditioning programs is recommended for improving aerobic, anaerobic and leg explosive strength of basketball players.

Does Becoming Fit Mean Feeling (f)it? A Comparison of Physiological and Experiential Fitness Data From the iReAct Study.

Regular exercise fosters fitness-enhancing benefits. We assume that exercise interventions become successful and sustainable if physiological benefits of exercise are also subjectively perceivable. The goal of this study was to examine how young inactive adults physiologically respond to an exercise intervention and how those responses are subjectively experienced. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether the sequence of two distinct endurance-based exercise modes has an impact on physiological and subjectively experienced physical fitness. Thirty-one young inactive adults were assessed for this substudy of the larger iReAct study. Participants were randomly assigned to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) group for 6 weeks and subsequently switched groups for a second training period. Physiological fitness data was collected at baseline, follow-up I, and follow-up II using a graded cardiopulmonary exercise test. Subjectively reconstructed (i.e., retrospective constructions) experiences relating to physical fitness were assessed at follow-up II using a biographical mapping method. A repeated-measures one-way ANOVA on each training group was performed to see whether physiological and subjectively experienced fitness differed across training periods. The rate of change between all variables was calculated for the first and the second training period in order to compare the agreement between physiological and subjective fitness improvements. Participants increased their fitness across the intervention period both physiologically and subjectively. However, the rate of change depended on the sequence of the two training modes. While VO2max increased significantly in both training periods in the MICT-HIIT sequence, a significant increase in VO2max in the HIIT-MICT sequence was only observed in the HIIT period. Participants similarly perceived those increases subjectively in their exercise-related physical fitness, although they experienced a significant decrease in the second period of the HIIT-MICT sequence. For subjectively perceived physical fitness relating to everyday activities, significant increases were only observed for the first period of the MICT-HIIT sequence. Young inactive adults can improve both their physiological and their subjectively perceived fitness through regular exercise. However, exercise modes and their sequence can make a substantial difference regarding measured and perceived physical fitness. Additionally, despite a favorable tendency toward HIIT over MICT, inter- and intra-individual variability, particularly in the subjective experiences of fitness, reiterates the necessity of individualized approaches to exercise.

The Effects of Moderate Intensity Treadmill Exercise with Gradual Increase of Speed and Inclination on VO2max in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) recommends cardiorespiratory fitness training in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) for 3-7 days a week, total duration 150 minutes a week with moderate intensity using large muscle groups. Treadmill training is the best cardiorespiratory fitness training because it involves large muscle group compared to static cycle and arm crank.Aim: To determine the effect of moderate intensity treadmill exercise with gradual increase of speed and inclination on VO2max in men with T2DM.Material and Methods: Randomized group design in 22 men with T2DM, suitable with inclusion criteria was divided into 2 groups, the experimental and control group. The experimental group received moderate intensity treadmill exercise, 3 times a week with gradual increase of speed and inclination for 4 weeks. The control group underwent standard therapy. Measurement of VO2max was performed before and after program in both groups.Results: A significant increase of VO2max in the experimental group (p = 0.003). Compared to the control group, alteration of VO2max also significant among the experimental group (p = 0.000).Conclusion: Moderate intensity treadmill exercise with gradual increase on speed and inclination for 4 weeks increase VO2max in men with T2DM.

Dose-dependent effects of aerobic exercise on clinically relevant biomarkers among healthy women at high genetic risk for breast cancer: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled study.

BackgroundExcess adiposity and dysregulated metabolism are associated with increased cancer risk. Triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin, HOMA‐IR, and VO2max are robust clinical‐metabolic biomarkers of overall health.AimsAerobic exercise may improve clinical‐metabolic biomarkers and decrease cancer risk. This secondary analysis of the WISER Sister randomized controlled trial investigated dose‐dependent effects of aerobic exercise on clinical biomarker levels in women at high genetic risk for breast cancer.Methods and ResultsOne hundred thirty‐nine participants were randomized to: control (<75 min/week), low‐dose (150 min/week), and high‐dose (300 min/week) aerobic exercise intervention groups. Intervention adherence was assessed via heart monitor. Fasting blood draws, cardio‐pulmonary tests, and demographical surveys were taken at baseline and 5 months. Triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and VO2max changes were assessed for 80 of the 122 study completers. Ninety‐six percent of assayed‐completers adhered to >80% of their exercise dose. A significant dose‐dependent increase in VO2max was observed for the low‐dose and high‐dose groups compared to control. No intervention effects were observed for plasma biomarkers. Overweight women (BMI > 25) showed a significant decrease in insulin levels and a trend for decreased triglycerides following exercise intervention. Significant increases in VO2max were independent of BMI stratification.ConclusionWomen at high genetic risk for breast cancer should maintain healthy weights and aerobic capacities through aerobic exercise to achieve measurable benefits on overall health. For overweight women, exercise appears to improve subclinical metabolic dysregulation. However, normal weight women were unaffected by aerobic exercise as their biomarker levels may be below the threshold for improvement. VO2max increases solely quantified the benefits of exercise in already healthy women at high‐risk for breast cancer.

PENGARUH KONSUMSI DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) TERHADAP VO2MAX DAN LACTATE THRESHOLD

This research aims to determine how the effect of combination of Moringa Leaf consumption with aerobic exercise against VO2Max and Lactate Threshold as ergogenic aids. 16 Taekwondo athletes are participated in this research. Participants are divided into 2 groups: the experimental group, which has been given the treatment of Moringa leaves and aerobic exercise, and the control group, which has been given an aerobic treatment only. The method used is experimental method with randomized pretest-posttest comparison group design. This research took 6 weeks length with aerobic exercise 4 days a week. Moringa leaves consumed at a dose of 2000mg during treatment. The data collection used a Balke Test to measure the VO2max and modified Conconi Test to measure the lactate threshold. The results of this research showed a significant increase in mean before and after treatment in both variables from each group (p &lt;0.05). However, the value of the increase in both variables between the two groups did not show significant difference (p&gt; 0.05). These results, it can be concluded that there is a significant increase of VO2Max and Lactate Threshold between pre test and post test in each group, but there is no significant difference from deviation of increase of between control and experiment group although the experimental group increase is higher than the control group.