Significant Storage Effect Research Articles

Effects of temperature fluctuations on the germination and vigor of durum wheat seeds in Algeria

Understanding the influence of temperature variations on durum wheat seed germination is of practical importance to farmers, researchers and agricultural decision-makers. The ability of seeds to germinate optimally is crucial to ensuring satisfactory crop yields. The main objective of this work is to analyze the impact of temperature variations on the viability and vigor of durum wheat seeds in Algeria. To achieve this goal, we adopted a comprehensive approach that primarily focused on studying the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and technological parameters (such as germination, seedling growth kinetics, soluble protein, proline, and soluble sugar content) of the seeds. Indeed, over a span of two years, four wheat varieties (Bousselam, Setifis, Megress, Saoura) were subjected to two distinct temperature and humidity conditions for the duration of the study. The first condition involved ambient temperatures fluctuating between 11°C and 37°C, with relative humidity ranging from 30% to 85%. However, the second condition involved storing the seeds in a cold room at a temperature of -04°C and a humidity of 12%. The results show significant variations in the germination rate of all varieties under both temperature conditions F=40, 54 P=0,000, with variety Bousselam (B) roving to be the most resistant to thermal changes. According to the results obtained, temperature affects the growth of the roots of the S variety, while the Bousselam (B), Megress(M), Saoura (SW) are not affected; in addition, storage under both temperature conditions has an impact on the average number of roots and the length of coleoptiles. Protein analyses revealed significant effects of storage under ambient conditions (F=4,70 P=0,000), while in the cold room, these effects were attenuated. In addition, storage showed variations in soluble sugar and proline content, with different responses under the two temperature conditions. These results underline the importance of understanding the responses of durum wheat varieties to variable thermal conditions, offering useful prospects for improving agricultural practices and preserving seed quality in changing environments.

Comparison of whole transcriptome sequencing of fresh, frozen, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cardiac tissue.

The use of fresh tissue for molecular studies is preferred but often impossible. Instead, frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are widely used and constitute valuable resources for retrospective studies. We assessed the utility of cardiac tissue stored in different ways for gene expression analyses by whole transcriptome sequencing of paired fresh, frozen, and FFPE tissues. RNA extracted from FFPE was highly degraded. Sequencing of RNA from FFPE tissues yielded higher proportions of intronic and intergenic reads compared to RNA from fresh and frozen tissues. The global gene expression profiles varied with the storage conditions, particularly mitochondrial and long non-coding RNAs. However, we observed high correlations among protein-coding transcripts (ρ > 0.94) with the various storage conditions. We did not observe any significant storage effect on the allele-specific gene expression. However, FFPE had statistically significantly (p < 0.05) more discordant variant calls compared to fresh and frozen tissue. In conclusion, we found that frozen and FFPE tissues can be used for reliable gene expression analyses, provided that proper quality control is performed and caution regarding the technical variability is withheld.

Influence of selected quality factors of beef on the profile and the quantity of heterocyclic aromatic amines during processing at high temperature

New factors were identified impacting significantly on the formation of HAA during grilling. The number and profile of HAA in grilled beef depend on the fattening system (intensive and semi-intensive), and the effect of the animal’s sex. The fewest HAAs were formed in rib steak from heifers from a semi-intensive fattening system. A significant effect of storage of meat in refrigerated conditions (5 to 15days) was also demonstrated on the formation of HAA during grilling. The longer the raw meat was stored, the more HAA was formed during grilling. The quantity of HAA was strongly correlated with the content of free amino acids and a very strong correlation was found with an increasing content of free purine and pyrimidine bases and their nucleosides.

FRI0109 Predicting cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: The effect of long-term storage on measured cholesterol levels in frozen serum samples

BackgroundCardiovascular risk is increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Algorithms for cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification as SCORE or Framingham’s score are used in the general population. Before they can be...

Functional properties of pasta enriched with variable cereal brans

To explore the potentiality of cereal brans for preparation of fiber enriched pasta, various cereal brans (Wheat, Rice, Barley and Oat) were added at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 per cent to durum wheat semolina. The effect of cereal bran enrichment on the colour, cooking, sensory quality and shelf life of enriched pasta was assessed at ambient temperature. Pasta prepared with added fiber at 25 per cent level had the highest protein and dietary fiber content as compared to control. Enrichment with variable fiber sources improved the brightness of pasta, as colour of pasta enhanced significantly. Addition of cereal brans resulted an increase in the water absorption and cooking losses of pasta. This effect was dependent on the level and type of cereal brans. Significant correlation (r = 0.80) was obtained between water absorption and volume expansion in all types of bran enriched pasta. At 25 per cent level of supplementation, maximum solids were leached into cooking water. Bran enriched pasta required less cooking time for complete gelatinization of starch. Increasing level of cereal brans had significantly affected the overall acceptability of enriched pasta. Cooking quality of pasta remained constant during storage. Non significant effect of storage was found on water activity, free fatty acids. Enriched pasta (15 per cent level of wheat, rice and oat bran and 10 per cent barley bran) was highly acceptable upto 4months of storage with respect to quality.

Quality characteristics of chicken snacks stored under aerobic and vacuum packaging at 30&amp;#177;2oC

Chicken snacks prepared by utilizing spent hen meat and other necessary ingredients were packaged aerobically as well as under vacuum in laminated (polyethylene/aluminium foil) pouches (size 25X20 cm). They were stored at 30+2 0 C and analysed for physico- chemical characteristics at a regular interval of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days. Chicken snacks indicated none significant effect of storage and packaging systems on contents of moisture, fat, protein, ash. However, significant (P<0.05) difference was observed in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, shear force value and pH. Overall storage in vacuum packaging revealed better quality with respect to its physico-chemical qualities with the exception of TBA values. On the basis of present study we can say that chicken snacks can very well preserved at ambient (30±2 o C) temperature for a month under aerobically as well as under vacuum packaging.

Storage‐associated artefact in equine muscle biopsy samples

Muscle biopsy is increasingly used in equine veterinary practice for investigating exertional, inflammatory or immune mediated myopathies and unexplained muscle atrophy. Although formalin-fixed samples are often used, for complete evaluation, fresh-frozen tissue is required. Freezing muscle in veterinary practice is impractical: samples sent to specialist laboratories for processing are therefore susceptible to delays, potentially leading to artefact and compromising histological interpretation. Altered temperature, duration and hydration status influence the severity of storage-induced artefact in equine muscle. Skeletal muscle obtained immediately post euthanasia was divided into 6 independent samples from each of 8 horses. One sample per horse was frozen immediately in isopentane precooled in liquid nitrogen. Additional samples were stored in conditions designed to mimic possible situations encountered in practice, including increased storage times, temperature and hydration status. Following storage, stored samples were frozen as before. Cryosections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin and ranked for artefact on 2 occasions by 2 blinded observers. The best samples were processed subsequently with a panel of routine stains and immunolabelled for collagen V to enable the measurement of minimum fibre diameters. Both prolonged storage and increased hydration resulted in more storage-associated artefact. Samples stored for 24 h chilled on dry gauze were ranked higher than those stored on damp gauze; however, a panel of routinely-used histochemical staining techniques was unaffected by chilled 24 h storage. There was no significant effect of storage on mean fibre diameter; however, both chilled dry and damp storage for 24 h caused a significant increase in fibre-size variability. Caution should be exercised when interpreting fibre size profiles in shipped samples. Equine muscle biopsy samples are optimally shipped in dry gauze, sealed in plastic containers and shipped on ice packs to be processed within 24 h and can thus be interpreted by the receiving laboratory with minimal artefact.

Micromechanical behaviour of apple tissue in tensile and compression tests: Storage conditions and cultivar effect

The micromechanical behaviour of apple tissue was studied using a miniature tensile stage positioned underneath a microscope that allowed for simultaneous acquisition of force–displacement curves while the deformation of the individual cells was followed and recorded. Tensile and compression tests were performed on small samples of apple parenchyma of two different cultivars (Jonagored and Braeburn) and two storage conditions ( control and shelf-life). Tests on the repeatability of the methods has provided satisfactory results and will allow the reduction of samples in further experiments. Under tensile loading, no differences for any of the mechanical parameters were found between cultivars, while a significant storage effect was observed for both cultivars. This opens the possibility of developing new sensors for quality assessment. Differences were found when studying the relationship of mechanical properties at the micro- and macro-level, which requires further investigation. The insights gained in this research will be useful when developing mathematical models based upon the mechanical behaviour of apple tissue.

Effect of Storage on Physico-Chemical Composition and Sensory Properties of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Variety Dosehari

3 Abstract: The effect of storage on physico-chemical changes such as weight loss (wt. loss), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and sensory evaluation such as skin color (SKC), flesh color (FLC), texture (TEX), taste (TAS) and flavor (FLA) of packaged Dosehari mango in cardboard carton of export quality, having one hole in each sidewall on four sides confronting each other, in order to maintain the modified atmosphere were recorded after an interval of 3 days at ambient temperature (32-35 C with 53.6-78.8% RH). The data o obtained were statistically analyzed for Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by using 2-Factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was applied to compare the mean values obtained. A significant effect of storage (P<0.05) on Dusheri variety of mango was observed and had an increasing trend of average percent wt. loss (0.00 to 36.1 %), TSS (10 to 25.27 %), and decreasing trend of percent TA (0.5% to 0.094 %) with an average mean of 15.67 %, 11.55 % and 0.28% respectively during 15 days of storage period. The SKC score was increased from 5.0 to 8.70, FLC (5.0 to 8.44), TEX (6.00 to 8.68), TAS (5.00 to 8.46) and FLA score was increased from 5.0 to 7.61 with an average means of 4.22, 4.01, 4.43, 4.32, and 3.84 respectively during 15 days of storage at ambient temperature. It was also observed that in general the SKC score had increased up to (6.91) at 6 day, FLC (5.73), TEX (6.83), TAS (6.07) and FLA th (5.67) score had increased at 3 day of storage and then gradual decreased to 1.25, 1.83, 1.35, 1.67 and rd

Effect of processing treatments on the characteristics of juices and still ciders from Ontario‐grown apples

AbstractRecent interest in the commercial production of cider in Ontario, Canada revealed a lack of information on cider prepared from apples grown in North America. A study was conducted using locally grown culinary and dessert varieties of apples, since there is a lack of true cider varieties grown in Ontario. Four processing methods (treatments) were evaluated with respect to their effect on juice and cider characteristics; the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the juices and still ciders are reported. Sulphite addition to the juice at the time of juice extraction had no effect on the characteristics evaluated. Storage of fruits at 13 °C until they showed signs of shrivelling or senescence decreased juice yield and affected titratable acidity and pH levels of juices and ciders. Freezing fresh apples and thawing prior to processing produced juices that did not undergo keeving and had higher mould and yeast populations; methanol was present in juices and ciders from thawed apples. The significant effects of storage and freezing on apple juice characteristics should be taken into account when considering a delay in the processing of apples for cider production.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry

Texture of Cooked Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). 2. Changes in Pectin Composition during Storage of Potatoes

During the storage season changes in the chemical composition of the pectin moiety of the cell walls of raw potatoes were studied. This compositional analysis was performed for the cultivars Nicola and Irene, which represent two extremes with regard to sensory-perceived texture. Both cultivars were divided into three size categories. From each size category a dry matter (DM) distribution was made. From these distributions potatoes at the low and high ends of this distribution were selected for further analysis. In total 12 different samples were analyzed three times during the storage season. The analysis comprised a pectin fractionation study. Pectic fractions were extracted from the cell wall material (CWM) by increasing the harshness of the extraction procedure. This resulted in a calcium-complexed pectic fraction, two pectic fractions weakly bound to the CWM, and a residue fraction, respectively. It was shown that no statistically significant differences (p > or = 0.95), either in yield or in chemical composition, could be observed between the two cultivars studied (Nicola and Irene), between sizes (large, medium, and small), and between potatoes with either high or low DM contents. However, statistically significant effects of storage both on the yield and on the chemical composition of the pectic moiety of the CWM could be observed, irrespective of cultivar, size, and DM content. Despite the substantial changes in the composition of the pectic moiety of the CWM of the raw material, no to minimal changes in the sensory-perceived texture of the cooked potatoes were observed upon storage. This suggests that the observed changes in pectin composition upon storage are overruled by other aspects that contribute more importantly to the sensory-perceived texture of steam-cooked potatoes.

Effect of long-term storage on the concentration of albumin and free fatty acids in human sera

Stored sera from healthy persons can be used to study relationships between blood variables at the time of sampling and disease appearing several years later but storage may influence the variables. In this work we measured the concentration of albumin and free fatty acids (FFA) in samples from the JANUS serum bank of Norway. Sera from blood donors and persons participating in health screening programs have been added to the bank since 1973. The concentration of albumin and FFA was measured in 443 JANUS bank sera. The material was divided into quartiles according to the length of storage: < 3 years (n = 110), 3-6 years (n = 110), 6-12 years (n = 115) and > 12 years (n = 108). Albumin was measured colorometrically using the bromcresol green method and FFA was determined enzymatically. The serum albumin concentrations (mean - SEM) in the four groups were 55.8 - 0.6, 56.2 - 0.5, 59.9 - 0.6 and 59.5 - 0.6 g/L. The values of groups 3 and 4 were significantly higher than those of groups 1 and 2 (p< 0.001). The serum FFA concentrations in the four groups were 0.56 - 0.03, 0.64 - 0.03, 0.77 - 0.03 and 0.85 - 0.04 mmol/L, i.e. a significant storage effect. The Scheffe´multiple comparison test showed that FFA values in groups 3 and 4 were significantly higher than those in groups 1 and 2 (p< 0.001 for group 4 vs. 1 and 2, and 3 vs. 1; p< 0.04 for group 3 vs. 2). Serum FFA and albumin levels were positively associated (r = 0.489, p< 0.001). Using linear regression analysis, it was estimated that serum albumin values increased by 0.28 g/L per year (i.e. 0.5%) and FFA by 0.02 mmol/L (i.e. 3.8%). Thus, measured by standard methods, serum FFA and albumin could increase in response to several years of storage at ° - 25 C. It is suggested that the storage time dependent increase in FFA is due to FFA liberation from lipoprotein triglycerides, whereas the apparent increase in albumin concentration possibly could be attributed to an unfolding of the protein, allowing more bromcresol green to be bound.

False-positive results of plasma PCR for cytomegalovirus DNA due to delayed sample preparation.

Positive results by cytomegalovirus (CMV) PCR of plasma are considered predictive of active CMV infection in kidney allograft recipients. To assess whether contamination with leukocyte-derived CMV DNA can distort the results, aliquots of whole-blood samples from 60 CMV immunoglobulin G-positive patients with leukocyte CMV DNAemia were stored for up to 24 h at room temperature (RT) and at 4 degrees C before plasma preparation. Native and ultrafiltered plasma samples were tested by CMV and beta-globin PCRs. Among 30 latently infected patients (negative for CMV pp65 antigens), low baseline rates (10%) and levels (median number of copies, 10 [per 10 microl]) of CMV plasma DNAemia in native plasma samples increased significantly over time (after 4 h at RT, 37% [P < 0.001]; median number of copies, 45 [P < 0.001]). Similar effects were found during storage at 4 degrees C. Ultrafiltration reduced the levels of CMV plasma DNAemia, but by 6 h of storage the levels were significantly elevated as well. CMV and beta-globin DNA kinetics in plasma were parallel. In contrast, 30 actively infected patients (pp65 positive) had high baseline rates (87% in native samples) and levels (median number of copies, 75) of CMV plasma DNAemia. No significant effects of storage or ultrafiltration and no concordance with beta-globin DNA kinetics were seen. In conclusion, delayed preparation of plasma samples bears a significant risk of false-positive CMV PCR results, probably due to leukocyte lysis. This has important implications in the clinical setting and for PCR standardization.

Physiology of Oil Seeds. X. Seed Quality of Peanut Genotypes as Affected by Ambient Storage Temperature1

Abstract Proper storage of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods following drying is a critical step in maintenance of seed quality for the next planting season. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ambient storage temperature (similar to farmers stock peanuts stored in warehouses) on seed germination and seedling vigor of selected peanut genotypes. Peanuts were grown in the field for three successive seasons. Pods were harvested, dried, and shelled. Seed samples were taken for storage under ambient conditions, humidity effects were eliminated by storing the seeds in plastic freezer bags in sealed containers. Seasons were: (1) 1986, 19 months storage at ambient temperature, (2) 1987, 7 months storage at ambient temperature, and (3) 1988, seeds without storage. When comparisons were made among genotypes within seasons, exposure to Season 1 conditions resulted in the least germination and seedling growth, but a wide range of genotype diversity occurred. Germination of seeds from Seasons 2 and 3 ranged from 81 to 98%, and significant differences in seedling growth occurred among genotypes. When comparisons were made across Seasons, the data indicated a significant storage effect, which resulted in different seed quality for individual genotypes. Usually field emergence was significantly different among genotypes and was highly correlated with germination for all seasons. Generally, emergence was negatively correlated with slow seedling growth and positively correlated with rapid seedling growth. Thus, for seeds of lower vigor (Seasons 1 and 2), rapid seedling growth was particularly critical for early, uniform emergence (10 DAP) in the field. Genotypes were significantly different in extent of seed quality reduction and field emergence both within and across storage periods. Genotype diversity to ambient storage conditions suggests there is genetic potential to improve longevity of seed quality during storage and enhance stability of field emergence.

Metabolism of glyphosate in Sprague-Dawley rats: Tissue distribution, identification, and quantitation of glyphosate-derived materials following a single oral dose

Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered a mixture of [ 14C]- and [ 12C]-glyphosate ( N-phosphonomethylglycine) at a dose level of 10 mg/kg body weight. The majority of radioactivity 2 hr after administration was associated with the gastrointestinal contents and small intestinal tissue. Approximately 35–40% of the administered dose was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and urine and feces were equally important routes of elimination. The total body burden 7 days after administration was approximately 1% of the administered dose and was primarily associated with the bone. Total recovery for this study ranged from 95 to 102% of the administered dose. Metabolic profiles of tissues containing greater than 1% of the administered dose at various times after administration indicated that nearly 100% of the body burden of radioactivity was present as unmetabolized parent glyphosate. A minor component constituting <0.1% of the administered dose (<0.4 ppm) was observed in colon tissue from animals 2 hr after the administration of glyphosate and was also present in the GI contents of one animal 28 hr after administration of the radiolabel. The retention time for this metabolite was similar, but not identical, to the retention time for AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), the major bacterial metabolite of glyphosate found in soil. Tissue extraction efficiency was always greater than 90% and stability assays indicated no significant effect of storage on either parent glyphosate or AMPA. The results from this study indicate that virtually no toxic metabolites of glyphosate were produced since there was little evidence of metabolism and essentially 100% of the body burden was parent compound with no significant persistence of material.

Sensory Aroma Scores and TBA Values as Indices of Warmed‐Over Flavor in Pork

ABSTRACTGround lean pork was stored for up to 16 days at 4°C after cooking to an internal temperature of 75°C. The samples, stored for 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days, were evaluated for warmed‐over (off) aroma by nine experienced panelists using a descriptive analysis line scale. The warmed‐over aroma mean scores from 0 to 8 days of storage correlated well with the TBA (thiobarbituric acid) means. Although not significant (p&gt;0.05), overall sensory scores appeared to decrease on day 16 while TBA values remained high. Further investigation of a significant judge by time interaction (p = 0.04) led to the clustering of judges by their responses into two homogeneous groups. Although both groups indicated a significant storage effect, group 1 perceived a levelling off in off aroma after day 8 whereas group 2 perceived a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) from day 8 to 16. Progressive masking of warmed‐over aroma by a rancid aroma and a large variation in the panelists' sensitivity to rancid aroma may explain the discrepancy.

THE EFFECTS OF FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON RESPIRATION AND CATION ACCUMULATION BY ISOLATED MITOCHONDRIA OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

Abstract. The respiration rates and respiratory control ratios of isolated bean mitochondria have been measured following exposure to 0, 150, 300 and 900 J/m2 of far UV radiation (190–300 nm) from a mercury vapour light source with 90% total radiant intensity at 254 nm. Loss of respiratory control occurred at 150 J/m2 and inhibition of respiration was significant at the highest exposure dosage. The uptake of both 45Ca and 85Sr have been measured following a 10min incubation of isolated mitochondria with 2 mM cation. Significant decreases in cation accumulation were observed following exposure to 900 J/m2. The effect seemed to be associated with loss of active transport of the ions as a result of respiratory uncoupling or reduced electron transport. There was no significant effect of storage on respiration or ion transport nor was there any indirect effect of irradiated suspending medium on mitochondria.