Significant Difference In Positive Rate Research Articles

Diagnostic value of 18F-AV45 positron emission tomography for cerebral microbleeds of different regions

Objective To analyze the relationship of cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)of different regions, especially mixed-CMBs, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)detected using 18F-AV45 positron emission tomography(PET). Methods A total of 52 consecutive patients(68.17±9.89 years old)with memory decline and CMBs found in susceptibility-weighted images(SWI)according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria were recruited.Patients were divided into three groups based on different regions of CMBs, the strictly lobar CMBs(SL-CMBs)group, the deep-CMBs(D-CMBs)group and the mixed-CMBs(M-CMBs)group.Patients in the three groups underwent 18F-AV45 PET detection and then were analyzed based on the results of 18F-AV45 PET. Results The positive rates of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the SL-CMBs, M-CMBs and D-CMBs groups were 68.4%(13/19), 82.4%(14/17) and 25.0%(4/16), respectively, with statistical significance(P=0.002). There were significant differences in positive rates of cerebral amyloid angiopathy between the D-CMBs group and the M-CMBs group and between the D-CMBs group and the SL-CMBs group(P=0.001 and 0.010, respectively), while there was no difference between the M-CMBs and SL-CMBs groups in positive rates of cerebral amyloid angiopathy(P=0.335). Using the D-CMBs group as the reference group, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of positive CCA detected by PET in SL-CMBs and M-CMBs were 30.585(95%CI: 2.492-375.360)and 8.107(95%CI: 1.072-61.295), respectively. Conclusions Compared with D-CMBs, M-CMBs and SL-CMBs are more likely to be related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.The presence of M-CMBs also indicates that patients have a high probability of CAA. Key words: Cerebral hemorrhage; Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Hypertension; Positron emission tomography

Etiologic surveillance and analysis of acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome in Jinan city in 2013-2016

Objective: To characterize the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of the acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Jinan city in 2013-2016. Methods: The epidemiological data, clinical diagnosis, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from 3 577 AMES cases in 6 sentinel hospitals in Jinan city in 2013-2016. Samples of all cases were made sero-diagnosis for Immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and negative cases of JEV for enterovirus (EV), mumps virus (MuV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Virus isolation and molecular identification were performed. Positive rates were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: In 2013-2016, the positive rates of JEV, EV, MuV and HSV were 9.0% (322/3 577 cases), 22.1% (643/2 916 cases), 9.9% (289/2 916 cases), 26.9% (783/2 916), respectively. Of these, the positive rates of JEV were 32.9% (261/794), 1.2% (14/1 175), 1.0% (8/807) and 4.9% (39/801 cases); EV: 19.5% (91/466), 35.1% (342/974 cases), 15.5% (115/743) and 13.0% (95/733); MuV: 9.2% (43/466), 14.4% (140/974), 9.0% (67/743) and 5.3% (39/733). HSV: 35.4% (165/466), 38.5% (375/974), 25.7% (191/743) and 7.1% (52/733). There were significant differences in positive rates of 4 kinds of viruses in 2013-2016 (P<0.001). A total of 81 EV strains belonging to 8 serotypes were isolated from 1 020 CSF specimens. The positive rates were 4.8% (6 cases), 13.1% (55 cases), 4.1% (7 cases) and 4.2% (13 cases) from 2013 to 2016. Coxsackievirus (CV) B5, echovirus (E) 6 and E30 accounted for 46% (37 isolates), 22% (18 isolates) and 21% (17 isolates) of all strains. Conclusion: The AMES cases in Jinan city in 2013-2016 were mainly caused by HSV, EV, MuV, JEV. CVB5, E6 and E30 were the dominant serotypes of EV associated with AMES cases in Jinan city.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and low-grade systemic inflammation in 50 patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Objective To investigate the incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and systemic low-grade inflammation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods From June to October in 2017, 50 cases of IBS patients who met Rome Ⅳ criteria were consecutively collected at Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology of Shanghai Huashan Hospital. The incidence of SIBO was detected by hydrogen lactulose breath test (LBT) and methane LBT. The incidence of systemic low-grade inflammation in IBS patients was determined by fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO) breath test. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results Among 50 IBS patients, the positive rate of FeNO was 70%(35/50), and the number of FeNO positive cases in diarrhea-predominant (n=28), constipation-predominant (n=14) and mix-type (n=8) IBS paitents was 18, 11 and six, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant among three groups (χ2=1.020, P=0.600). The incidence rate of SIBO was 60% (30/50), with 20 cases (40%) being only positive for hydrogen LBT, seven cases (14%) being methane LBT, and three cases (6%) being both positive. The numbers of hydrogen LBT and methane LBT in diarrhea-predominant, constipation-predominant, and mix-type IBS patents were 17, three, three and two, six, two, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in positive rates of hydrogen LBT and methane LBT among three groups (χ2=6.076 and 6.392, both P<0.05). The positive rate of FeNO in IBS patients with SIBO was higher than that of IBS patients without SIBO (90%, 27/30 vs. 40%, 8/20), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.286, P<0.01). Conclusions Combination of hydrogen LBT and methane LBT has a higher detection rate of SIBO than traditional single hydrogen LBT. There is a correlation between SIBO and systemic low-grade inflammation in IBS patients. Key words: Irritable bowel syndrome; Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; Lactulose breath test; Systemic low-grade inflammation

Detection and clinical application of the isothermal amplification of Mycoplasma pneumonia RNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children

Objective To assess the ability of simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) in bacteria detection, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children was collected and detected by SAT, combined with in vitro culture experiment, providing theoretical support for the application of SAT in the diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP). Methods A total of 572 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with community acquired pneumonia during October 2015 and December 2017 in Tianjin Children′s Hospital were collected and detected by Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP)nucleic acid quantitative assay and SAT technology. Among them, 161 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were also detected using in vitro culture and the positive ones for MP were analyzed by nucleic acid quantification and SAT after exposing to high concentration of antibiotic. Results The positive rates of MP by nucleic acid quantitative assay and SAT technology in 572 samples were 74.7% (427/572) and 71.9% (411/572), respectively. These two detection methods have high consistency (χ2=1.142, P=0.285). According to the test results of SAT, the positive rates of male and female were 72.7% (224/308) and 70.8% (187/264), respectively. There was no significant difference of positive rate between different sex (χ2=0.252, P=0.616). The positive rate of MP in 4-14 years old children (78.1%, 317/416) was higher than that in infants (≤3 years) (56.6%, 94/166) (χ2=26.811, P=0.000). After adding azithromycin (5 MIC) to MP positive medium for 5 days, the result of nucleic acid quantification was positive but SAT was negative. Conclusions SAT technology is a rapid, sensitive and specific method for detection of MP. In addition, SAT technology could identify the dead and live bacteria and could evaluate the effect of clinical treatment effectively.(Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41: 770-774) Key words: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Nucleic acid amplification techniques; Microbial sensitivity tests

The Analysis of Yellow Fever Virus Antigen in Human Serum from Epidemic Areas of Tianjin Port, China, 2013

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics ofyellow fever virus(YFV) antigen in human serum from epidemic areas in 2013. Methods: The people from the yellow fever epidemic areas of Tianjin port were selected as study object.260 samples were collected together with detailed personal information. And each sample contained 5ml venous blood. Indirect ELISA was used to detect YFV antigen. The dengue virus antigen and west nile virus antigen were also detected in positive samples to reduced cross reactivity. Positive rate was calculated. Statistical methods were used to compare the differences of the positive rates between different countries, genders, ages, occupations and entry time. Results: All respondents came from Africa and South America. The total positive rate of serum antigenofYFV was 11.54%(30/260). Of which, the positive rates of African and South American people were 12% and 10.91%, respectively. The positive rates of male and female were 11.88% and 10.34%, respectively. The positive rate of &gt;40 year old age group was the highest, up to 14%. In the time distribution, the positive rate of fourth-quarter entry personnel was up to 15.91%.There was no significant difference in positive rate between different countries, genders, ages, and entry time, except occupations. Workers engaged in labor service positive rate was 35.71%. Conclusion: TheYFVantigen positive rate of people from epidemic areas in 2013 was high. These people carrying pathogens pose a threat to public health security of China as a potential source of infection. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of YFV antigen among people with different occupations.

Correlations of ER, PR, Her-2 and CK5/6 expression with histological characteristics features and prognosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ

This study aimed to investigate the correlations of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) protein expression with histological characteristics features and prognosis of breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Fortyeight cases of breast DCIS specimen were enrolled in this study. The samples were histologically typed and graded. The immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the expression of ER, PR, Her-2 and CK5/6 protein. Results showed that, the positive rates of ER and PR protein expression in non-comedo type DCIS group were significantly higher than those in comedo type DCIS group, respectively (P 0.05). There was significant difference of positive rate of ER, PR, Her-2 protein expression among histological grades I-III (P 0.05). The expression of ER protein was positively correlated with PR protein expression (r=0.764, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with Her-2 protein expression (r=-0.643, P<0.001); the expression of PR protein was negatively correlated with Her-2 protein expression (r=-0.622, P<0.001). In 4 recurrent DCIS cases, Her-2 protein expression was positive in 3 cases. ER, PR and CK5/6 protein expressions were negative in all 4 cases. In conclusion, ER, PR, Her-2 protein expressions are significantly correlated with the histological types and histological grades of breast DCIS. The positive Her-2 protein expression is related to the prognosis of breast DCIS.

Eyelid examination for Demodex infestation

Background Blepharitis caused by Demodex infestation is very common in clinical practice.There are various methods mentioned in the study of Demodex infestation in China, but a unified introduction and evaluation of the operating procedures is lacked.A quick and accurate clinical diagnostic method for Demodex infestation needs to be further studied. Objective This study aimed to establish operation procedures for the clinical examination of eyelid Demodex infestation, which were applied to evaluate the conditions of eyelid Demodex infestation in ocular patients with discomfort. Methods One thousand and fifty-two patients with eye dryness, eye itchiness or other symptoms were selected for slit lamp examination and photographing of the eyelid margin area.Three eyelashes with associated scurf from each superior eyelid were plucked out for examination of Demodex under the microscope.Positive findings included observation of Demodex mites or eggs.Their amounts were recorded individually for all eyelash samples. Results A procedure for observing, recording and reporting eyelid Demodex infestations in patients was successfully established.By using this procedure, 1 052 patients were investigated for the examination of Demodex infestations.Demodex mites or eggs were found in 582 cases (55.3%). The positive rate of Demodex infestation increased with age, and the population over 60 years group had the highest positive rate, showing a significant difference among the different age groups (χ2=10.547, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in positive rate between male patients and female patients (P=0.352). The test turnaround time (TAT) for one examination was (11.4±5.2) seconds. Conclusions The operational procedure for examining the palpebral margin Demodex infestation by the slit-lamp, optical microscope, photographing and laboratory reports is established.It is simple and quick in the appliation for the clinical diagnosis of eyelid Demodex infestation. Key words: Eyelid; Demodex; Infestation; Diagnosis/methology

The Analysis of Yellow Fever Virus Antigen in Human Serum from Epidemic Areas of Tianjin Port, 2012

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of yellow fever virus (YFV) antigen in human serum from epidemic areas of Tianjin port in 2012. Methods: The people from the yellow fever epidemic areas of Tianjin port were selected as study object. 172 samples were collected together with detailed personal information. And each sample contained 5 ml venous blood. Indirect ELISA was used to detect YFV antigen. The dengue virus antigen and west nile virus antigen were also detected in positive samples to reduced cross reactivity. Positive rate was calculated. Statistical methods were used to compare the differences of the positive rates between different countries, genders, ages, occupations and entry time. Results: All respondents came from Africa and South America. The total positive rate of serum antigen of YFV was 11.63% (20/172). Of which, the positive rates of African and South American people were 10.96% and 15.38%, respectively. The positive rates of male and female were 11.68% and 11.43%, respectively. The positive rate of >40 year old age group was the highest, up to 17.24%. In the time distribution, the positive rate of third-quarter entry personnel was up to 14.94%. There was no significant difference in positive rate between different countries, genders, ages, and entry time, except occupations. Workers engaged in labor service positive rate was 29.41%. Conclusion: The YFV antigen positive rate of people from epidemic areas in 2012 was high. These people carrying pathogens pose a threat to public health security of China as a potential source of infection. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of YFV antibody among people with different occupations.

Nationwide Distribution of Bovine Influenza D Virus Infection in Japan.

Cattle are major reservoirs of the provisionally named influenza D virus, which is potentially involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex. Here, we conducted a serological survey for the influenza D virus in Japan, using archived bovine serum samples collected during 2010–2016 from several herds of apparently healthy cattle in various regions of the country. We found sero-positive cattle across all years and in all the prefectural regions tested, with a total positivity rate of 30.5%, although the positivity rates varied among regions (13.5–50.0%). There was no significant difference in positivity rates for Holstein and Japanese Black cattle. Positivity rates tended to increase with cattle age. The herds were clearly divided into two groups: those with a high positive rate and those with a low (or no) positive rate, indicating that horizontal transmission of the virus occurs readily within a herd. These data demonstrate that bovine influenza D viruses have been in circulation for at least 5 years countrywide, emphasizing its ubiquitous distribution in the cattle population of Japan.

Comparative Evaluation of Real-Time PCR Methods for Human Noroviruses in Wastewater and Human Stool

Selecting the best quantitative PCR assay is essential to detect human norovirus genome effectively from clinical and environmental samples because no cell lines have been developed to propagate this virus. The real-time PCR methods for noroviruses GI (4 assays) and GII (3 assays) were evaluated using wastewater (n = 70) and norovirus-positive stool (n = 77) samples collected in Japan between 2012 and 2013. Standard quantitative PCR assays recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, International Organization for Standardization, and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, together with recently reported assays were included. Significant differences in positive rates and quantification cycles were observed by non-parametric analysis. The present study identifies the best assay for norovirus GI and GII to amplify norovirus genomes efficiently.

Autoantibody diversity in paraneoplastic syndromes and related disorders: The need for a more guided screening approach

BackgroundSignificant progress has been made in understanding the role and diversity of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) and related autoimmune neurologic diseases. We evaluated the positivity rates for diverse autoantibody panels to rationalize testing strategies and utilization. MethodsThe result patterns for different autoantibody panels for PNS offered at 2 reference laboratories in the U.S. were retrospectively reviewed for the same period. The positivity rates were evaluated and compared for specific autoantibodies within panels offered at both laboratories. ResultsFor the Hu, Ri, Yo, and amphiphysin antibodies offered by both laboratories, no significant difference in positivity rates was observed. The positivity rates for non-classic PNS markers were 0% [AGNA and PCCA-Tr], and 0.06% [ANNA-3 and PCAC-2] while the prevalence of antibodies associated with neuromuscular autoimmunity varied from 1.40% to 4.44% [Striated muscle, AChR binding, ganglionic AChR, VGCC, P/Q- and N-type VGCC]. ConclusionsThe data suggest that test utilization could be substantially improved based on ordering practice geared towards clinical manifestations and prevalence of autoantibodies. Concerted efforts towards streamlining diagnostic algorithms based on risk, clinical manifestations, characterization of autoantibodies and their associations as well as therapeutic strategies are needed.

Correlation between food intolerance and colon mucosal mast cells and substance P in 27 patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Objective To investigate the significance and possible mechanism of food intolerance in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods Twenty-seven IBS-D patients matched the Rome Ⅲ criteria were selected as IBS-D group. Twenty-seven healthy individuals without gastrointestinal symptoms were assigned to control group. Food intolerance situation of two groups were analyzed with food intolerance status evaluation questionnaire, and detection of 14 food specific IgG antibody. The severity of IBS symptoms of IBS-D group were scored by IBS-symptom severity scale (SSS). Two pieces of mucosal tissues of both ileocecal junction and sigmoid colon were obtained under colonoscopy. The content of mucosal substance P (SP) was determined by immunohistochemistry.The quantity of mast cells were detected by Giemsa staining. Chi square test and Fisher exact probability method were performed for rate comparison between two groups.Measurement data were compared with t test and Mann-Whitney rank sum test.The correlation between IBS-SSS score and mast cells and the expression of SP positive cells were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in positive rates of food specific IgG between two groups (χ2=3.085, P=0.389), however according to food intolerance status evaluation questionnaire, the incidence of food intolerance of IBS-D group was 44.4%(12/27) which was higher than that of control group (14.8%, 4/27), the difference was statistically (χ2=5.684, P=0.017). Food intolerance severity index of IBS-D group (median: 0(0, 60)) was higher than that of control group (median: 0(0, 0)), and the difference was statistically significant (U=239.50, P=0.007). In foods that may cause intolerance, the percentage of foods rich in fermentable oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, disaccharides and polyol (FODMAP) such as milk, noodles, soybeans was up to 71.4% (30/42). The expression tates of SP positive cells in the mucosa of ileocecal junction and sigmoid colon of patients with IBS-D were higher than those of the control group (χ2=20.735 and 22.071, both P<0.01). The numbers of mast cell in the mucosa of ileocecal junction and sigmoid colonic of patients with IBS-D (2.40±1.04/high power field(HPF) and 2.35±1.11/HPF) were more than those of the control group (0.97±0.70/HPF and 0.89±0.72/HPF), and the difference was statistically significant (t=-5.850 and -5.629, both P<0.01). The severity of bowel symptom of patients with IBS-D was moderately correlated with the number of mast cells in the mucosa of sigmoid colon (r=0.576, P=0.002), and was moderately correlated with the expression of SP positive cells (r=0.691, P<0.01). Conclusions There may be relation ship among low-grade inflammation of intestinal mucosa, food intolerance and severity of intestinal symptoms in patients with IBS-D. Key words: Food intolerance; Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome; Mast cells; Substance P

Detection and clinical analysis of acute lower respiratory tract infection with human coronaviruses in children in Beijing area 2007-2015

To investigate human coronaviruses (HCoVs) infection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection(ALRTI)and to explore the clinical features of ALRTI caused by HCoVs in children. Totally 4 371 children with clinical diagnosis of ALRTI during the period from March 2007 to February 2015 seen in Beijing Children's Hospital were recruited into this study. Patients were divided into 4 groups by age, including 1 890 cases in < 1 year group, 788 cases in 1-3 years group, 553 cases in 3-6 years group, 1140 cases in ≥6 years group. One nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen was collected from each patient. RT-PCR methods were applied to detect 9 common respiratory viruses including HCoVs (including HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and so on. Clinical features of ALRTI with single HCoVs infection were analyzed and compared with hospitalized ALRTI cases with single RSV infection in the same period. (1) Totally 2 895 cases were positive for at least one virus in this study in 4 371 ALRTI patients (positive rate 66.23%), in which 147 cases were positive for HCoVs infection (positive rate 3.36%). (2) Positive rates of HCoVs in each year from 2007 to 2014 were 6.11%, 3.79%, 4.69%, 4.31%, 2.38% 2.10%, 0.77% and 2.65%, respectively. The mean positive rates of HCoVs for each month from January to December were 2.53%, 2.12%, 3.63%, 6.68%, 1.53%, 3.77%, 3.92%, 3.00%, 2.15%, 5.26%, 3.01% and 2.80%. (3) Detection results of each subtypes of HCoVs in total 4 371 pediatric ALRTI patients were: 48 cases positive for HCoV-OC43(1.10%), 32 cases positive for HCoV-229E(0.73%), 25 cases positive for HCoV-NL63 (0.57%), 27 cases positive for HCoV-HKU1 (0.62%). (4) Positive rates of HCoVs infection in <1 year group, 1-3 years group, 3-6 years group and ≥ 6 years group were 4.13%, 5.08%, 2.71% and 1.23%, respectively. There were significant differences in positive rates of HCoV among groups (χ² = 27.218, P<0.01). (5) There were 16 hospitalized cases with single infection of HCoVs in this study, of which 12 cases were diagnosed as bronchopneumonia, 3 cases developed acute laryngeal obstruction, 2 cases had acute bronchial asthma attack. Common clinical manifestations included cough (14 cases), gasping (13 cases), dyspnea (9 cases), fever (6 cases), hoarseness (4 cases), laryngeal stridor (4 cases) and abnormality on chest X-ray (including fuzzy lung texture, patchy shadow and consolidation) (12 cases). (6) There were no significant differences in the incidence of clinical manifestations (including cough, gasping, dyspnea, fever and abnormality on chest X-ray), complications (including respiratory failure, myocardial damage, and acute bronchial asthma attack) and mechanical ventilation between hospitalized ALRTI patients with single HCoV infection and 193 patients with single RSV infection in the same period. HCoVs are pathogens of ALRTI in children, The overall positive rate of HCoVs was 3.36% in this study. The clinical manifestations and severity of ALRTI caused by single HCoVs was comparable to that of ALRTI with single RSV infection in children.

Effect of methylation of hMLH1 gene promotor on stage tumorigenesis and progression of human gastric cancer

To illustrate the role of methylation level of hMLH1 gene promoter in different stages of gastric carcinogenesis by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) detection of samples from paracancerous tissue and gastric cancer tissue. Methylation status of hMLH1 gene promoter of 40 patients undergoing radical stomach cancer operation in the Tumor Research Institute of China Medical University between January 2006 and August 2006 was detected by MSP. For each patient, 2 samples were chosen from the cancer site, paracancerous tissues of 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm away from the cancer site, separately. One sample was used in pathology examination, and the other in methylation detection. Positive rates of hMLH1 gene promoter methylation in the paracancerous tissues of 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm away from the cancer site were 10%(4/40), 12.5%(5/40) and 2.5%(1/40) respectively, which were significantly lower than 32.5%(13/40) in cancer site(all P<0.05). Pathological examination showed precancerous lesions in 23 samples of paracancerous 1 cm and 3 cm tissues and normal tissues in 24 samples of paracancerous 5 cm tissues. Positive rates of hMLH1 gene promoter methylation in the cancer site, paracancerous tissue and normal gastric tissue were 32.5%(13/40), 8.7%(2/23) and 0(0/24) (P<0.01). For cancer tissue penetrated the gastric serosa, 8 out of 14 tissue samples were positive methylation (57.1%), which was significantly higher compared with 5 out of 26 tissue samples without penetration of gastric serosa(19.2%). Positive rate of hMLH1 gene promoter methylation in tissue samples with 7 or more of metastatic lymphatic node number was 61.5%(8/13), which was higher compared to that with less than 7(5/27, 18.5%) (P<0.05). No significant differences of positive rate of hMLH1 gene promoter methylation were found between different tumor gross types, tumor grow pattern, tumor differentiation degree, patient age and sex(all P>0.05). Hypermethylation of hMLH1 gene promoter may be associated with the carcinogenesis stages and progression of human gastric cancer.

Predictive value of abnormal second-trimester maternal serum triple screening markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes

To investigate the predictive value of abnormal multiples of the median (MoM) of second trimester maternal serum triple screening (STMSTS) markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes. 16 000 singleton pregnancies at 15⁺⁰ to 20⁺⁵ weeks' gestation who underwent STMSTS between July 2010 and January 2013 in the First Hospital of Jilin University were recruited. Maternal serum AFP, free β-hCG (F-β-hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) levels were measured using time- resolved fluoroimmunoassay, and then converted to MoM. LifeCycle 3.2 software was used to calculate risk, and a risk value greater than 1 in 270 or 1 in 350 was considered as high risk for trisomy 21 syndrome (Down syndrome, DS) and trisomy 18 syndrome (Edwards syndrome, ES), respectively. MoM of AFP more than 2.5 was considered high risk for open neural tube defect (ONTD). Amniocentesis and karyotyping, ultrasound screening were advised for high risk women. AFP, F-β-hCG higher than 2.0 MoM or uE3 lower than 0.5 MoM was considered as abnormal, respectively. The MoM of STMSTS marker between women with adverse pregnancy outcome and with normal outcome was compared. (1) The median MoM of AFP, F-β-hCG and uE3 was 0.91 MoM, 0.94 MoM and 1.05 MoM, respectively. Of the 16 000 pregnant women, there was no statistical difference in the median MoM of triple screening marker at different weeks of gestation (P > 0.05). The positive rate of DS, ES and ONTD in women ≤35 years old (n = 14 972) was 4.03% (603/14 972), 0.36% (54/14 972) and 0.29% (44/14 972) respectively. And in women>35 years old (n = 1 028), the positive rate was 24.51% (252/1 028), 1.95% (20/1 028) and 0.78% (8/1 028), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference of positive rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). (2) 9 cases of DS, 1 case of ES and 1 case of ONTD were found in the high risk group, and 2 cases of DS in the low risk group. The detection rate of DS, ES and ONTD was 9/11, 1/1 and 1/1 respectively; and the positive predictive value was 1.05% (9/855), 1.35% (1/74) and 1.92% (1/52), respectively. (3)The incidence of adverse outcome (group 1) was 1.49 % ( 239/16 000). 7 760 pregnant women in this study were healthy during pregnancy, so were their fetuses (group 2). There were significant differences in the age at delivery, body weight and markers' MoM of STMSTS between the two groups (P < 0.01). (4) In group 1, the rate of abnormal MoM of AFP or F-β-hCG was 7.95% (19/239) and 23.85% (57/239), and the abnormal rate of MoM of uE3 was 4.18% (10/239). The rate of two abnormal MoM of markers was 5.02% (12/239); the rate that all three MoM were abnormal was 0.84% (2/239). However, in group 2, the rate of two abnormal MoM of markers was 0.14 % ( 11/7 760); and the rate that all three MoM were abnormal was 0. There was a significant difference of abnormal MoM of maternal serum marker between the two groups (P < 0.01). There is a relationship between abnormal marker of STMSTS and adverse outcomes. STMSTS show a high value in the detection of DS, ES and ONTD.

Clinical significance of chromosome karyotyping of couple in women with pregnancy loss

Objective To evaluate the correlation between parental chromosomal abnormalities and pregnancy loss.Methods Clinical data were collected from 260 couples who experienced pregnancy loss in the outpatient of our hospital.Chromosomes from cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed using conventional cytogenetic analysis.Results Parental chromosomal abnormality was detected in 48 cases (18.5％),which were structural abnormality (28 cases,58.3％),chromosome polymorphism (18 cases,37.5％)and numeric abnormality (2 cases,4.2％).Most of the structural abnormalities were balanced chromosomal translocations (71.4％,20/28).There was no significant difference in positive rate of chromosomal abnormality between sporadic and recurrent pregnancy loss (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Pregnancy loss can be caused by chromosomal abnormalities in couples,most of which are balanced translocations.It is very necessary for the clinicians to provide chromosome examination for the couples who experienced pregnancy loss in order to obtain a better pregnancy outcome. Key words: Pregnancy loss; Balanced translocation; Chromosomal abnormality

Discussion on digital subtraction guided transbronchial lung biopsy in diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) under digital subtraction (DSA) positioning in peripheral pulmonary lesions.Methods From November 2009 to December 2013,86 patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions were divided into group A and group B.Group A underwent transbronchial lung biopsy under DSA location,bronchoscopy brush (BB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL),while group B underwent percutaneous lung biopsy under CT positioning.The positive rate of diagnosis results,the positive rate of group A than in the three methods of PCNA and TBLB,the diagnostic results of BB compared to BAL,and complications of two groups after the treatment were compared.Results There were no statistically significant differences in positive rate between any two of TBLB,BB,BAL (x2=0.84,0.54,0.16; P ＞ 0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in positive rate between PCNA and any one of TBLB,BB,BAL (x2=0.12,0.06,0.22; P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of the combination of TBLB,BB and BAL was 83.72％ (36/43),significantly higher than 69.77％ (30/43) of PCNA,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The complication rate in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (13.95％ vs.30.23％),with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TBLB,BB,BAL,PNCA all have a high value in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions.BB,BAL after TBLB can improve the positive rate of diagnosis,at the same time DSA positioning can significantly reduce the incidence of complications. Key words: Digital subtraction; Transbronchial lung biopsy; Peripheral pulmonary lesions

Comparative analysis of DNA quantitative cytology and TCT in cervical cancer screening

Objective To compare the cytology diagnostic accuracy of DNA quantitative cytology and thinprep cytology test(TCT) in cervical cancer screening for exploring effective method in cervical cancer screening.Methods TCT and DNA quantitative cytology were carried out in 7 470 women.Women with positive results additionally underwent high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) detection.Positive cytologic diagnosis included atypical squamous cells(ASC) or above in TCT and DNA index 2.5 or above in DNA quantitative cytology.Results The positive rate was 13.0％ in method of DNA quantitative cytology and 13.7％ in method of TCT in 7 470 cases.Positive rate of the two methods had no significant difference in cervical cancer screening(x2 =1.813,P =0.178).There was significant difference in positive rate of TCT between cases with DNA index≥2.5,＜4.5,heteroploid cells more than 3 or DNA index≥4.5 and cases with DNA index≥2.5,＜4.5,heteroploid cells less than 3.Every grade of TCT abnormality had abnormal DNA index.Abnormality of DNA index had an increasing trend with the severity of TCT.Infection rate of high risk HPVs had significant difference in different grades of DNA index (x2 =62.648,P =0.000).Conclusion Combination of DNA quantitative cytology and TCT is an effective method in cervical cancer screening,which can reduce misdiagnosis,guide cervical biopsy and suggest infection of high risk of HPVs. Key words: DNA index; Quantitative DNA cytology; Cervical neoplasms

Detection of guanylate cyclase C mRNA and cytokeratin 20 mRNA in peripheral blood and analysis of prognosis in early to moderate colorectal cancer patients

To investigate the associations of guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) mRNA and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) mRNA with metastasis and prognosis in early to moderate colorectal cancer patients. GC-C mRNA and CK 20 mRNA in peripheral blood of 74 colorectal cancer patients without distant metastasis were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). Based on their clinicopathological and postoperative follow-up data, the relationship and clinical significance of these data with metastasis hazards and prognosis factors were analyzed. The positive rate of GC-C mRNA in 74 colorectal cancer patients was 33.8% (25/74), and CK20 mRNA was 31.1% (23/74). The 1-, 2-, 3- year disease-free survival rates of patients were 94.6%, 82.4% and 78.4% respectively. There were significant differences in positive rates of GC-C mRNA and CK20 mRNA, tumor differentiation, mesentery lymph node metastasis, tumor embolus in vessel and postoperative chemotherapy associated with 3-year disease free survival rate by Kaplan-Meier analysis (all P<0.05). While mesentery lymph node metastasis and tumor embolus in vessel were independent risk factors of 3-year disease-free survival (P<0.05). CK20 mRNA and tumor embolus in vessel were independent risk factors of 3-year disease-free survival by analysis stratified with clinical stage (P<0.05). Detection of CK20 mRNA and GC-C mRNA in peripheral blood may be important for early detection of early metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Abstract P2-10-26: Association between circulating tumor cells and molecular breast cancer subtypes

Abstract Background and Objective: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide crucial information for the management of breast cancer patients. CTCs analysis can be used as a liquid biopsy approach for prognostic and predictive purposes in breast and other cancers. Several contradictory results presented about the breast cancer subtypes of CTCs recently. The aim of this study was therefore to analysis the association between the CTCs and molecular breast cancer subtypes. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 143 breast cancer patients admitted to Breast Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University. CTCs were detected by using immunomagnetic enrichment and a commercial kit, based on RT-PCR, was used to characterize CTCs. The expression of ER, PR, HER2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The molecular subtypes were defined as: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2−), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+), TNBC (ER−, PR−, HER2−), and HER2+, (ER−, PR−, and HER2+). The relations between the positive rate of CTCs and clinicopathological characteristics of primary tumor and molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results: Overall positive rate of CTCs was 39.8% (57/143). The positive rate of CTCs in patients with Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+ and TNBC subtype was 33.8% (26/77), 47.1% (8/17),50.0% (6/12) and 45.9%(17/37). There was significant difference in positive rate of CTCs by different molecular subtypes (P = 0.0415), especially at different AJCC stages (P = 0.004). The positive rate of CTCs in patients with Luminal A subtype was significantly lower than patients with the others breast cancer subtypes (p = 0.0387). Conclusion: Our study suggests that presence of CTCs was more frequently found in patients with HER2+ and Luminal B subtypes. The presence of CTCs in patients with TNBC subtype was not as high as we wished. Theoretically, the positive rate of CTCs in TNBC subtype should be higher than that of others subtypes for being more aggressive histologically features and having increased potential to be invasive. One possible explanation for this might because of lacking epithelial markers expression and epithelial-mesenchyme transition (EMT) characteristics, CTCs of TNBC subtype are missed when using the standard EpCAM-based method. Shortage of patient's number was another possible reason. Further research on the Association between CTCs and molecular breast cancer subtypes will contribute to a better understanding of the biology of metastatic development in cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-26.