Significant Difference In Ability Research Articles

Word Bank: Learning Media on Poetry Writing Materials for Fourth Grade of Elementary School

Students benefit from writing poetry because they can express their feelings at the time through beautiful words in the form of poetry. Writing poetry in learning can be packaged using learning media. Learning media is extremely beneficial to the learning process. Students will understand the material provided by the teacher more easily if they use learning media. Therefore, this research aims to produce the learning media product "Word Bank" to improve the ability to write poetry in fourth grade elementary school. This study applied the Hannafin and Peck model of Research and Development. In this study, 15 students of IV grade were used as research subjects. Observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation were used as research instruments. Interactive analysis techniques and presentations were used in data analysis techniques. According to the research findings, “Word Bank” learning media has a “very high” feasibility level. The results of the initial trial, which was conducted on 5 students, were classified as “very high” based on the acquisition of the two scores obtained. Students’ pretest and post-test scores in the experimental class showed a t-count of -8.817 with df 18 and Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000. Thus, the results of the t-test for the pretest and post-test values of the experimental class show that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05 (5%). Can be concluded that there is a significant difference in ability wrote poetry.

(009) Sexual Function & Sexual Satisfaction Differences Between Cisgender Women of Different Age Groups

Abstract Introduction As the average life expectancy increases, so does the need to improve older adults’ quality of life. Sexual function and satisfaction have been intimately tied to well-being, and older age has been associated with a decline in sexual activity, sexual function, and desire. However, there is limited research that focuses on the association between age and specific measurements of sexual function, such as orgasm parameters, frequency of sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction. Objective To describe and compare measures of sexual activity, orgasm quality, and satisfaction between women of different ages. Methods Respondents were recruited via Qualtrics and administered an anonymous online survey. Respondents were separated into groups based on age ranges: younger adults (<40 years old), middle-aged adults (40 to 59 years old), and older adults (≥60 years old). Additional demographic characteristics and sexuality measures were documented, including sexual orientation, partnership status at the time of survey, ability to orgasm, frequency of masturbation and sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction (as measured by the validated New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS)). An orgasm quality inventory queried the following six variables, under the control condition of masturbation: (1) time to orgasm; (2) duration of orgasm; (3) refractory period between orgasms; (4) experience of orgasm as a single or multi-peak event; (5) bodily location of orgasm experience; and (6) satisfaction with orgasm quality. Results A total of 423 sexually active cisgender women (average age ± standard deviation: 48.9 ± 15.6 years old) completed our survey. Older women were significantly more likely to identify as heterosexual and deny dating or being in a current relationship (both p<0.001). Additionally, older women were significantly more likely to deny masturbation and sexual activity with a partner (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in ability to achieve orgasm between age groups (p=0.5). With respect to orgasm parameters (Table 1), younger women reported a significantly lower refractory period between orgasms, as compared to middle-aged and older women. Compared to other age groups, significantly more older women reported their orgasm as a multi-peak event (p<0.04) and were more likely to report the location of orgasm sensation as occurring in their genitals, as opposed to extragenital areas (e.g., arms, thighs, face, back) or whole body (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between age and lead time to orgasm, duration of orgasm, or satisfaction with orgasm. Differences in sexual satisfaction (as measured by the NSSS, with higher scores indicating greater sexual satisfaction) were found to be statistically insignificant as well. Conclusions While older women reported a significant decrease in frequency of masturbation and sexual activity, they only differed in three out of six measures in our orgasm inventory. While these measures indicate a difference in older women’s experience of orgasm, it is important to note that there were no significant differences across multiple measures of sexual satisfaction between women of different ages. Disclosure No.

Analysis of 10 years of open, laparoscopic, and robotic rectal surgeries in the community setting

BackgroundColorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the US. Many of these patients will require operations. Although there is significant data in the literature that supports minimally invasive colorectal operations in the academic setting, few studies have examined their performance in community hospitals. MethodsData was collected from a high-volume, university-affiliated, community center. Our Cancer Registry Database was queried to include any patients that had rectal surgery at our institution from 2010 to 2020. One hundred-twenty-two patients were identified and reviewed retrospectively. Main outcome measures include estimated blood loss (EBL), blood transfusion, time to first bowel movement, oncologic resection, length of stay (LOS), survival, and cost analysis. ResultsBoth robotic and laparoscopic operations resulted in lower average EBL, less blood transfusions, and less time to first bowel movement (p = 0.003, 0.006, 0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference in ability to achieve R0 resection, adequate lymph node retrieval, and adequate total mesorectal excision (TME, p = 0.856, 0.489, 0.500, respectively). LOS was significantly shorter for minimally invasive operations, 4.35 vs 8.48 days, and average survival was longest for laparoscopic operations at 7.19 years as compared to 5.55 years for open operations (p < 0.001, 0.026, respectively). Cost was lowest for robotic operations (0.003). ConclusionsMinimally invasive rectal operations, especially robotic, lead to better short- and long-term outcomes, equivalent oncologic resection, and are more cost-effective as compared to open operations even in the community setting, supporting continued performance and growth of robotic colorectal operations in the community setting. Key messageAlthough there is significant data in the literature that supports minimally invasive colorectal operations in the academic setting, few studies have examined their performance in community hospitals as this study does. This study found that minimally invasive rectal operations, especially robotic, lead to better short- and long-term outcomes, equivalent oncologic resection, and are more cost-effective as compared to open operations even in the community setting, supporting continued performance and growth of robotic colorectal operations in the community setting.

Accelerated physical aging of four PET copolyesters: Enthalpy relaxation and yield behaviour

Assessing suitability of amorphous polymers in durable products requires understanding of long-term effects of physical aging on the material properties. This work shows four polyesters with varying diol composition (poly(ethylene-co-1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PETG1 and PETG2 with ∼30 and ∼60% 1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene (CHDM), respectively), poly(ethylene-co-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol terephthalate) (PETT) with ∼30% 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) and poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-co-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol terephthalate) (PCTT) with ∼80% CHDM and ∼20% TMCD) exposed to thermal treatment at 20, 30 and 40 °C below their respective glass transition temperatures for up to 504 h to accelerate physical aging. The enthalpy relaxation was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and compared to mechanical changes manifested as tensile yield strength increase. The physical aging rates were found to depend on both chemical structure and composition of CHDM and TMCD segments, where the introduction of TMCD inhibited physical aging. Arrhenius and Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman models were used to fit horizontal shift factors and evaluate the time and temperature dependencies for each polyester. From this study, the two models showed no significant differences in ability to describe the effects of physical aging. The Arrhenius activation energies, Ea, were all in the range 118–244 kJ mol−1, were both PETG1 and PETG2 showed no significant difference between Ea for enthalpy relaxation and yield strength increase, whereas PETT and PCTT showed ∼19 and ∼107% difference between the two, respectively, suggesting that the relationship between the two phenomena is not independent of chemical structure. The difference between the activation energies suggests that the time scales for physical aging are different when observed as enthalpy relaxation and yield strength.

Assessing psychological inflexibility in text: An examination of the inflexitext program

We generate a large amount of text through interactions with technology. Identifying digital markers of psychological constructs in this data may provide novel opportunities for research, assessment, and intervention. Psychological inflexibility has been broadly related to distress and poorer well-being and represents a promising target for such efforts. The present study examined the performance of Inflexitext, a program scoring psychological inflexibility in text, within essays about an important emotional issue by 630 undergraduates. Relationships between Inflexitext and self-report measures of psychological inflexibility processes, self-compassion, distress, and state positive and negative affect, use of words from positive and negative emotion categories, and human coder ratings were examined. Inflexitext scores demonstrated small theoretically consistent relationships with measures of cognitive fusion, challenges in pursuing values, self-compassion, distress, state positive and negative affect, and use of positive and negative emotion terms. Inflexitext also evidenced a moderate relationship with human coder ratings of inflexibility and was moderately predictive of coder classification of essays as containing any inflexibility in a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. However, a comparison of areas under the curve (AUCs) associated with Inflexitext and use of negative emotion terms did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in ability to classify essays as containing inflexibility. Inflexitext scores also did not evidence expected associations with self-reported progress towards values, experiential avoidance, and state experiential avoidance while writing the essay. Limitations of current findings and implications for future research are discussed.

Influence of ICU Surge and Capacity on COVID Mortality Across U.S. States and Regions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To describe the influence of COVID-19 caseload surges and overall capacity in the intensive care unit (ICU) on mortality among US population and census divisions. A retrospective analysis of the national COVID ActNow database between January 1, 2021 until March 1, 2022. The main outcome used was COVID-19 weekly mortality rates, which were calculated and incorporated into several generalized estimation of effects models with predictor variables that included ICU bed capacity, as well as ICU capacity used by COVID cases while adjusting for ratios of vaccinations in populations, case density, and percentage of the population over the age of 65. Each 1% increase in general ICU capacity is correlated with approximately 5 more weekly deaths from COVID-19 per 100,000 population and each percentage increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU resulted in approximately 10 more COVID-19 deaths per week per 100,000 population. Significant differences in ability to handle caseload surges were observed across US census divisions. A strong association was observed between COVID-19 ICU surges, overall ICU surge, and increased mortality. Further research is needed to reveal best practices and public health measures to prevent ICU overcrowding amidst future pandemics and disaster responses.

Public perception of household risks for pediatric burn injuries and assessment of management readiness

IntroductionChildren are uniquely vulnerable to injury because of near-complete dependence on caregivers. Unintentional injury is leading cause of death in children under the age of 14. Burns are one of the leading causes of accidental and preventable household injuries, with scald burns most common in younger children and flame burns in older ones. Education is a key tool to address burn prevention, but unfortunately these injuries persist. Critically, there is a paucity of literature investigating adult comprehension with respect to potential risks of household burns. To date, no study has been performed to assess management readiness for these types of injuries without seeking medical care. MethodsQualtrics™ surveys were distributed to laypersons via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Demographics were self-reported. The survey was divided into two parts, management knowledge, and risk identification. The management part involved a photograph of a first-degree pediatric burn injury and required identification of the degree of injury and three potential initial managements. The risk-identification section required correctly identifying the most common mechanisms of burn injury for different age groups followed by general identification of 20 household burn risks. Survey responses were analyzed using two-tailed Student's t-tests and chi-square analyses, univariate and multivariate analysis, and linear regression. ResultsOf the 467 respondents, the mean age was 36.57 years, and was 59.7% (279) male. Only 3.2% of respondents were able to correctly identify all 20 potential risks listed in our survey. Additionally, only 4.5% of respondents correctly identified all three appropriate initial management options (cool water, sterile gauze, and over-the-counter analgesics) without misidentifying incorrect options. However, 56.1% of respondents were able to select at least one correct management option. For image-based injury classification, the most common response was incorrectly second-degree with 216 responses (42.2%) and the second-most common response was correctly first-degree with 146 responses (31.3%). Most respondents claimed they would not seek medical attention for the injury presented in the photograph (77.7%). When comparing the responses of individuals with children to those without, there were no statistically significant differences in ability to assess household risks for pediatric burns. For the entire population of respondents, the mean score for correctly identifying risks was 38%. ConclusionThis study revealed a significant gap in public awareness of household risks for pediatric burns. Furthermore, while most individuals would not seek medical care for a first-degree pediatric burn injury, they were readily available to identify proper initial management methods. This gap in knowledge and understanding of household pediatric burn injuries should be addressed with increased burn injury prevention education initiatives and more parental counseling opportunities.

The Influence of Demographic Factors on the Ability to Research and Innovate among Primary and Secondary School Teachers

This study mainly discusses the ability to research and innovate of primary and secondary school teachers in China. Stratified sampling was used to investigate 4,661 primary and secondary school teachers from 36 schools in a selected municipality directly under China's central government. The research team used a survey questionnaire with high reliability and validity to assess teachers' ability to research and innovate. With the demographic data of teachers, this paper analyzes the overall level and group differences of teachers' ability to research and innovate. Descriptive statistics, sample mean comparison T-test and one-way ANVOA were used to determine the factors that affect teachers' ability to research and innovate. The results show that Chinese primary and secondary school teachers have good ability to research and innovate, and the ability to teach and research is higher than that of the ability to innovate in education. Differences in teachers' educational background, history of formal teaching education and professional titles would cause significant difference on teachers' ability to research and innovate, but with a small effect size. There are significant differences in ability to research and innovate among teachers serving different school segments, with a size of effect between small and medium. Gender, age and years of teaching have no significant influence on teachers' ability to research and innovate.

Poster 119: Outcomes after Surgery for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Professional Baseball Players: A Matched Cohort Analysis

Objectives:Determine the performance and return to play (RTP) outcomes for professional baseball players that undergo surgical treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome.Methods:All professional baseball players who underwent surgical treatment of TOS between 2010-2017 were identified using the major league baseball (MLB) HITS (Health and Injury Tracking System) database. Demographic and performance data (pre and post-surgery) for each player was recorded. Standard demographic and return to play outcomes were measured for all players and compared between different types of TOS and league status. Performance variables were analyzed for pitchers and compared to a 1:1 matched set of control pitchers.Results:Overall, 52 players underwent surgery for TOS of which 46 (88%) were pitchers. Neurogenic TOS was the most common and seen in 69% of players. Venous TOS was seen in 29% of players, and a single player had arterial TOS. Following TOS surgery, 79% of players returned to play at the same level (RTSP) and played at least 3 years after surgery. There was no differences in RTSP rate based on the type of TOS. There was no statistically significant difference in RTP and RTSP rates between major and minor league players. In pitchers only, there was a 76% RTSP, which was not different from the natural attrition of control pitchers (p=0.874). Following TOS surgery, pitchers saw a decline in several performance metrics, but not statistically different when compared to the control pitchers. This indicated that the decline in performance following TOS surgery was similar to the decline seen in healthy professional pitchers as they age.Conclusions:The most common type of TOS seen in professional baseball players is neurogenic. The RTSP rate following surgery for TOS in all professional baseball players is 79%. There was no statistically significant difference in ability to RTP based on the type of TOS or league status. Pitchers who underwent surgery for TOS had no significant difference in pitching performance metrics following surgery compared to matched controls. Overall, surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome can help prolong a professional baseball players career and help pitchers maintain their performance over time similar to their peers who have not had surgery for TOS.

MEDIA BUKU SAKU DAN PENYULUHAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG HIV/AIDS DI SMK NEGERI 2 JAYAPURA

HIV/AIDS is a public health problem that requires serious attention because it attacks the human immune system, which can cause death. One of the causes of the spread of HIV infection due to unsafe sex. Based on WHO data in 2019, 78% of new HIV infections in the Asia Pacific region. The highest AIDS case for the last eleven years was in 2013, 12,214. HIV AIDS cases in Indonesia in 2019 reached 50,282 points, an increase of around 7.78% compared to the previous year. Jayapura City is one of the cities in Papua and ranks second in this case after Nabire Regency. As for the number of people with HIV, 1,978 and AIDS sufferers, 4,213 and 185 people have died. HIV transmission occurs at the productive age. The purpose of the study was to find out the knowledge of adolescents about HIV/AIDS through pocketbooks and counseling. The research method is a quasi-experimental research design with Pretest-Postest Design with Control group. The number of respondents was 30 students, namely students of class X vocational high school two Jayapura City. The way of taking respondents is purposive sampling. This study used pocketbook media as the treatment group and HIV/AIDS counseling as the control group. This study used a questionnaire with a pre-post-test-analysis using an independent test. The results showed a difference between pocketbook media and counseling on adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS with a p-value of 0.00. In conclusion, there is a significant difference in ability between pocketbook media and counseling.

Uticaj muzičko-plesnog edukacijskog programa / Influence of a Specific Music and Dance Educational Program

Throughout most of history, children with hearing impairments were on the margins of society. Because of their place in society, research about the possibility of music perception and engaging actively as a professional musician and dancer, started at the end of the 20th century. Although that progress started at the end of the 20th century, children with hearing impairments from Bosnia and Herzegovina don't have enough support of educational system which could include them in art education. This situation we can especially see in field of music and dance, which are very hard for adjustment because of their sensory impairment. To prove that children with hearing impairments can perceive music and improve their motor ability with the help of dance which is not at their age level, we created a special educational program which consists of music-dance workshops, where the main goal is to improve body coordination and speed of movement with music-rhythmic stimulations and dance. In this program, which last four and half months, we included 14 girls with hearing impairments from eleven to fifteen years of life. At the beginning of this program, we performed initial measurement of body coordination and movement speed, and at the end of this four-and-a-half-months long program, we performed final measurement through five standard tests: Eight with banding (MKOS), Steps aside (MKKS), Envelope test (MKKT), Slalom with three medical balls (MKS3M) and Long jump backwards (MKSUU). For effect analysis of applying musical-rhythmic stimulation, we used t-test for final samples (paired samples test). The results of this research are showing us that there is statistically significant difference in ability of body coordination and movement speed and that this musical-dance workshop program has positive impact on development of chosen motor ability.

Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound Elastography in Differential Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Versus Gastrointestinal Leiomyoma.

BackgroundThe diagnostic efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography for alimentary tract diseases remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of EUS elastography in differential diagnosis between the 2 most common subepithelium tumors of the digestive tract – gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and gastrointestinal leiomyomas (GILs) – which cannot be differentiated by conventional EUS imaging.Material/MethodsElectronic records were retrospectively reviewed from Jan 2015 to Jul 2019. Patients accepting EUS elastography with histopathological diagnosis of GISTs or GILs were included. The images of EUS elastography were analyzed by hue histogram in Photoshop. Hue values of RGB, R, G, and B channels of each group were acquired. We used the t test, ROC curve analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis for data post-processing.ResultsWe included 47 patients with GISTs and 14 with GILs. The mean±standard deviations (SD) of hue values were 20.25±0.72, −0.79±0.78, 20.79±1.68, 39.72±1.30 for GISTs and 20.80±0.46, 1.80±1.05, 28.39±2.15, and 31.95±2.60 for GILs of RGB, R, G, and B channels, respectively. The t test showed statistically significant differences in mean hue values between GISTs and GILs in B and G channels, but not in RGB and R channels. The area under the ROC curve combining B and G values was 0.723. Binary logistic regression analysis suggested no statistically significant difference in ability to differentiate between GISTs and GILs with B and G values (P>0.05).ConclusionsThere was insufficient evidence to support the application of quantitative EUS elastography for differential diagnosis of GISTs and GILs in this study.

Pain and analgaesics in patients with hard-to-heal ulcers: using telemedicine or standard consultations.

To compare consultations carried out via video with those performed in person for patients with painful, hard-to-heal ulcers, with a focus on ulcer pain and pain treatment. A further aim was to investigate predictors for pain and pain treatment. This was a register-based, quasi-experimental study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT). A total of 100 patients with hard-to-heal ulcers diagnosed via video consultation were compared with 1888 patients diagnosed in person with regard to pain assessment, intensity and treatment. Ulcer pain intensity was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Normally distributed variables (age, VAS) were compared between consultation groups using Student's t-test. Non-normally distributed variables (ulcer size, ulcer duration) were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test, except for healing time, which was analysed with a log-rank test. Categorical variables (gender, ulcer aetiology and prescribed analgesics) were compared using Pearson's chi-square test (χ2). A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Predictors for pain and pain treatment were analysed in multiple regression analyses. The results showed a high presence of pain; 71% of patients with pain reported severe ulcer pain. There was no significant difference in ability to assess pain by VAS in the group diagnosed via video consultation (90%) compared with the group diagnosed in person (86%) (χ2, p=0.233). A significantly higher amount of prescribed analgesics was found for patients diagnosed via video (84%) compared with patients diagnosed by in-person assessment (68%) (χ2, p=0.044). Predictors for high-intensity pain were female gender or ulcers due to inflammatory vessel disease, while the predictors for receiving analgesics were older age, longer healing time and being diagnosed via video consultation. To identify, assess and treat ulcer pain is equally possible via video as by in-person consultation. The results of this study confirm that patients with hard-to-heal ulcers suffer from high-intensity ulcer pain, with a discrepancy between pain and pain relief. Further well-designed randomised controlled studies are necessary to understand how best to deploy telemedicine in ulcer pain treatment.

Optimization of percutaneous biopsy for diagnosis and pretreatment risk assessment of neuroblastoma.

Image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) is increasingly utilized to diagnose solid tumors. The objective of this study is to determine whether PCNB is adequate for modern biologic characterization of neuroblastoma. A multi-institutional retrospective study was performed by the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative on children with neuroblastoma at 12 institutions over a 3-year period. Data collected included demographics, clinical details, biopsy technique, complications, and adequacy of biopsies for cytogenetic markers utilized by the Children's Oncology Group for risk stratification. A total of 243 children were identified with a diagnosis of neuroblastoma: 79 (32.5%) tumor excision at diagnosis, 94 (38.7%) open incisional biopsy (IB), and 70 (28.8%) PCNB. Compared to IB, there was no significant difference in ability to accurately obtain a primary diagnosis by PCNB (95.7%vs 98.9%, P=.314) or determine MYCN copy number (92.4%vs 97.8%, P=.111). The yield for loss of heterozygosity and tumor ploidy was lower with PCNB versus IB (56.1%vs 90.9%, P<.05; and 58.0%vs. 88.5%, P<.05). Complications did not differ between groups (2.9 % vs 3.3%, P=1.000), though the PCNB group had fewer blood transfusions and lower opioid usage. Efficacy of PCNB was improved for loss of heterozygosity when a pediatric pathologist evaluated the fresh specimen for adequacy. PCNB is a less invasive alternative to open biopsy for primary diagnosis and MYCN oncogene status in patients with neuroblastoma. Our data suggest that PCNB could be optimized for complete genetic analysis by standardized protocols and real-time pathology assessment of specimen quality.

PENGARUH PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PBL DAN PJBL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH STATISTIK

This research was conducted at Mathematics Education Study Program at Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculties of IAIN Padangsidimpuan at the third semester 2018-2019 academic year. Research method used is quantitative method with bivariate comparative analysis approach aiming to find out the significant differences in students' mathematical communication skills in statistical subjects. The design of this research is a one short case study comparing the result of two treatments after the post tests. The research was conducted in one classroom, in which one treatment preceding the other treatment with different materials yet contain similar components and difficulties. The result of the research shows that there is significant difference in ability of mathematical communication between problem based learning and project based learning with tcount &gt; ttable: 3,673 &gt; 2,042; in which PjBL is higher than PBL. In conclusion, PjBL is significantly better than PBL in term of students’ ability in mathematical communication

Exploring Gender Bias in Nursing Evaluations of Emergency Medicine Residents.

Nursing evaluations are an important component of residents' professional development as nurses are present for interactions with patients and nonphysician providers. Despite this, there has been few prior studies on the benefits, harms, or effectiveness of using nursing evaluations to help guide emergency medicine residents' development. We hypothesized that gender bias exists in nursing evaluations and that female residents, compared to their male counterparts, would receive more negative feedback on the perception of their interpersonal communication skills. Data were drawn from nursing evaluations of residents between March 2013 and April 2016. All comments were coded if they contained words falling into four main categories: standout, ability, grindstone, and interpersonal. This methodology and the list of words that guided coding were based on the work of prior scholars. Names and gendered pronouns were obscured and each comment was manually reviewed and coded for valence (positive, neutral, negative) and strength (certain or tentative) by at least two members of the research team. Following the qualitative coding, quantitative analysis was performed to test for differences. To evaluate whether any measurable differences in ability between male and female residents existed, we compiled and compared American Board of Emergency Medicine in-training examination scores and relevant milestone evaluations between female and male residents from the same period in which the residents were evaluated by nursing staff. Of 1,112 nursing evaluations, 30% contained comments. Chi-square tests on the distribution of valence (positive, neutral, or negative) indicated statistically significant differences inabilityandgrindstonecategories based on the gender of the resident. A total of 51% ofabilitycomments about female residents were negative compared to 20% of those about male residents (χ2 =11.83, p<0.01). A total of 57% of grindstone comments about female residents were negative as opposed 24% of those about male residents (χ2 =6.03, p<0.01). Our findings demonstrate that, despite the lack of difference in ability or competence as measured by in-service examination scores and milestone evaluations, nurses evaluate female residents lower in their abilities and work ethic compared to male residents.

Alternative estimates of the well-known negative relationship between the US interest rate risk and the flow-through capability

This paper estimates US industries' ability to transmit inflation shocks to the prices of their products and services (flow-through capability, FTC) and the stock duration (interest rate sensitivity) at the sector level. Then, considering the significant differences in ability among industries, we analyze the relationship between FTC and interest rate sensitivity using two alternative methodologies (in both cases). Finally, we find a significant negative relationship between FTC and stock duration, as suggested by previous literature. Thus, industries with high FTC, such as S7 (Finance and Real Estate), S9 (Manufacturing), S11 (Transportation and Warehousing) and S12 (Utilities), may be less sensitive (than expected) to changes in nominal interest rates. In contrast, sectors such as S4 (Retail Trade), S8 (Information) and S10 (Professional and Administrative Services) (with high IRS) may be more sensitive (than expected) to changes in nominal interest rates, indicating a weak ability to transmit inflation shocks to the prices of their products and services.

Dendritic-Acidizing Update: The Light at the End of the Tunnel

Summary In this paper, we provide an update on recent advances for and summarize global experiences with dendritic-acidizing (DA) methods, or acid tunneling. We include both coiled-tubing (CT) deployed methods and non-CT methods, and discuss process limitations, candidate-selection criteria, job-design factors, operational learnings, risks, and surveillance requirements and opportunities. A comprehensive review of published information is provided for three different tunneling methods along with relevant information for several other tunneling methods. This literature information is supplemented by depth, temperature, and pressure records for the three processes, which are discussed in detail. Execution factors such as logistics required, length of time required, and volumes of acid and other fluids used are also compared for the three methods. Previous papers have focused on only one of the methods, whereas we will discuss acid-job optimization, process risks, and surveillance requirements for multiple acid-tunneling methods in substantially greater depth than have past authors. The three methods detailed in this paper are all viable but may have different niches. Differences in the job counts for the different methods are easily explained by differences in process vintages, execution speeds, and depth limitations. Previous optimization efforts were focused on tunnel creation but not acid-job effectiveness in terms of the wormholes generated adjacent to the tunnels; however, some progress is now being made in that regard. There are differences in the processes regarding pushing or pulling the jetting nozzles into the tunnels, and differences in resulting tunnel trajectories. Prejob caliper data are more critical for one of the processes than for the others, and there are significant differences in ability to measure or control tunnel direction. The tunneling tools have different sizes, but when tool-size alternatives are available, the larger tool sizes offer no clear advantages to the operator. Useful risk-mitigation measures are also discussed, and a comprehensive bibliography is included to facilitate further examination of the technology alternatives by other petroleum-industry professionals.

APPLICATION AND PERSPECTIVE OF OPEN ENDED APPROACH TO STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN BUSINESS MATH SUBJECT

This research was conducted with the aim to apply open ended approach in business mathematics course in order to increase learning outcomes, but also to see the perspective of students after the open ended approach implemented. The population of this research is STIE Ekuitas students who are taking business math course, while the sample is selected by purposive sampling as many as 81 people (2 classes). The results of the assessed study consisted of 3 (three) components of the ability of conceptual skills, procedural, and problem-solving skills. Preparations and postest are given in the form of a description consisting of 10 (ten) questions, while to see the perspective of students used 9 (nine) items. Testing is done using t-test and MANOVA. The conclusions of this research are (1) there are significant differences in ability between students who are given mathematics learning using open ended and conventional students, especially conceptual, procedural, and problem solving skills; (2) the use of open ended can strengthen the knowledge of students in thinking of mathematics, as an effort to solve problems, and (3) open ended enables students to interact with their friends through discussion, so that students can gain knowledge about mathematics more broadly.

Methodology for quantitative assessment of combat casualty care

Evaluating proficiency in simulation-based combat casualty training includes the assessment of hands-on training with mannequins through instructor observation. The evaluation process is error-prone due to high student–instructor ratios as well as the subjective nature of the evaluation process. Other logistical inconsistencies, such as the short amount of time to observe individual student performance, can lessen training effectiveness as well. The simulation-based methodology described in this article addresses these challenges by way of quantitative assessment of training effectiveness in combat casualty training. The methodology discusses adaptation of Lempel–Ziv (LZ) complexity indexing to quantify psychomotor activity that is otherwise only subjectively estimated by an instructor. LZ indexing has been successfully used to assess proficiency in related studies of simulation-based training conducted by Bann et al. at the Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine in London, and more recently by Watson at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This type of analysis has been applied to using simulation as a tool to assess not only mastery of a task, but as a method to assess whether a particular simulator and training approach actually works. Data have been gathered from nearly 100 military combat medic trainees at Joint Base Lewis McChord Medical Simulation Training Center. Participant hand-acceleration data from an emergency surgical cricothyrotomy reveals a statistically significant difference in ability between expertise levels. The higher the LZ scores and self-reported expertise level, the better the participant performed. The results show that when presented with demographic and video performance-based data, it is possible to gauge experience by applying LZ scoring to motion data. The methodology provides an objective measure that complements the subjective component of simulation-based cricothyrotomy training assessments. Further study is needed to determine whether this methodology would provide similar assessment advantages in other medical training in which speed and accuracy would be significant factors in determining procedural expertise.