Significant Differences Research Articles

Wine amino acids of four autochthonous grape varieties from Southwest France: influencing factors and role in taste perception

The hundreds of molecules present in wine play an important role in its complexity, including amino acids. While numerous studies exist on the role of amino acids in musts, few studies focus on wines. In the present study, the amino-acid profiles of a large sample of monovarietal white wines from three vintages of varieties from Southwest France (Colombard, Gros Manseng, Len de l’el, and Mauzac) were evaluated. Physicochemical oenological parameters were first analysed for each wine, revealing significative differences between grape varieties and within each variety. These differences included the organic nitrogen content, which was studied in greater detail. After derivatisation, the primary amino acids were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. The wines from the four grape varieties predominantly contained the same amino acids (proline, arginine, alanine and lysine) as those found in wines from other varieties. The amino acid composition in wines can be strongly influenced by various factors, such as the ripeness of the grapes, the grape variety itself, or certain parameters like vineyard treatments. In this study, it was possible to differentiate between the varieties by their proline and glutamic acid contents; both these amino acids were analysed to assess their impact on taste perception thanks to a naïve panel fitted with a nose clip, and a difference was perceived for proline. Further studies would be necessary to better understand their effect on gustatory perception.

Investigating the Effect of Vitamin a on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: An Experimental Study.

Vitamin A is essential not only for bone metabolism and development but also for the normal functioning of many physiological processes in the body. Despite vitamin A's important involvement in bone metabolism, its effect on orthodontic tooth movement is not entirely known. Previous studies on animals have suggested that vitamin A may influence alveolar bone remodelling and tooth movement, but the effect of various doses of vitamin A on these processes remains poorly understood. This experiment was designed to examine the effect of vitamin A on the orthodontic tooth movement of male rats. Eighty male rats weighing 200-250 grams were divided into eight equal parallel groups. An initial orthodontic force was applied to all groups with a specific appliance, and six different doses of vitamin A were administered (250-2500 IU/Kg intraperitoneally). Two control groups were also considered. Orthodontic tooth movement was measured at the beginning and end of the study period (day 14), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was evaluated. The maxillary sections were also evaluated by histological examination. Although there was a dose-dependent increase in tooth movement observed with vitamin A administration, the differences were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the number of osteoclasts or the presence of lacunae on the root surface between the study groups. Root resorption was observed in different areas of the root and was not related to different doses of vitamin A. The serum ALP level did not show any significant difference between the groups treated with different doses of vitamin A. Despite the known effects of vitamin A on bone metabolism, the results of this study suggest that vitamin A did not increase alveolar bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement in male rats.

Qatar's Silent Epidemic: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome comprises various conditions like abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated triglyceride levels, reduced HDL, and high blood pressure, which pose significant health challenges globally. It's imperative to determine its prevalence in specific populations to formulate effective preventive measures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Qatari population. Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was executed on PubMed until July 2023 with keywords "Metabolic syndrome" and "Qatar." Eligibility criteria included human subjects, studies assessing metabolic syndrome components, and research conducted in Qatar or on Qatari subjects. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled prevalence rates were calculated using the inverse variance weighting metaanalysis. Out of 237 studies, 14 met our inclusion criteria, with a combined sample size of 14,772 from the Qatari population. The overall pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26%. The ATP III and IDF criteria exhibited significant differences in prevalence rates, with the IDF criteria showing a higher prevalence. Patients in the age of 40 or older demonstrated a higher prevalence compared to the younger group. Studies post-2018 reported a decreasing trend in metabolic syndrome prevalence. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Qatari population is comparable to rates in the Middle East. The study underscores the need for tailored interventions and strategies, especially targeting the older age group. Continuous research and monitoring are essential to track and understand the disease's progression in Qatar.

Effect of Novel Laser Shoe Photobiomodulation on Neuropathic Pain and Plantar Pressure Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Peripheral Neuropathy.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) or Low-level laser is used to treat diabetic foot complications. The existing method of laser application to the foot did not cover the foot's entire area to improve the foot's microcirculation. Therefore, we have developed a cost-effective Special LASER Shoe device, focusing exclusively on the entire foot region to manage neuropathic pain and other symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of this newly developed special laser shoe PBM on neuropathic pain and plantar pressure profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathy. We included 60 participants with diabetic peripheral neuropathy of both genders and age more than 20 years. Participants were treated with PBM by a specially designed novel Laser Shoe. Outcomes were clinical variables like Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Michigan neuropathy screening instrument A&B, Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI), and Static dynamic gait parameters. Participants were with an average age of 62, and the average duration of diabetes was 11 years. Analysis showed a significant difference in VPT, VAS, Michigan neuropathic screening inventory, and ankle-brachial index (P < 0.05). We conclude that Novel laser shoe photobiomodulation using 'Laser Shoe' effectively reduces peripheral neuropathic pain. It is also effective in reducing average and maximum plantar pressure. Reduction in neuropathic pain and improvement in plantar pressure distribution can reduce further complications.

Evaluación de las asociaciones de peces dominantes influenciadas por el ciclo nictemeral y la variación temporal en la Reserva de la Biósfera Los Petenes, Campeche, México

La Reserva de la Biósfera Los Petenes (RBLP) se localiza en la costa de Campeche, en el Golfo de México. En este ecosistema destacan la fauna nectónica por su abundancia y diversidad, y la amplia cobertura de pastos marinos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las asociaciones de los peces dominantes en un marco de variabilidad ambiental temporal (época de secas y época de lluvias) y nictemeral (día y noche). Se realizaron seis campañas de muestreo entre diciembre 2010 y octubre 2011, en un sitio ubicado cerca de Isla Jaina en la región central de la RBLP. Se recolectaron muestras biológicas cada 2 h en un período de 24 h y se realizaron mediciones de temperatura, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto y pH del agua. Se identificaron todos los peces, determinando a las especies dominantes. Las asociaciones interespecíficas y las relaciones entre abundancia y variables ambientales se establecieron mediante técnicas estadísticas de clasificación y ordenación. Se capturaron 10 602 peces con un peso conjunto de 163.62 kg, identificando 44 especies, agrupadas en 33 géneros y 23 familias, de las cuales, 14 resultaron dominantes, destacando la abundancia de Haemulon plumierii. Los dendrogramas específicos construidos por época climática y ciclo nictemeral permitieron identificar tres grupos funcionales. El análisis de correspondencias canónicas para la época de secas destacó relaciones entre salinidad y pH con la abundancia de Eucinostomus gula, Acanthostracion quadricornis y Haemulon aurolineatum. En la época de lluvias, se asoció el oxígeno disuelto con Lagodon rhomboides. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las agrupaciones por época climática.

Post Service Labor Market Performance of Immigrant Veterans

ABSTRACT My research examines the labor market performance of prime-age (20-54) male immigrant veterans in the all-volunteer era, using the American Community Survey (2010-2019) and a linear regression model. I compare them with two reference groups: U.S.-born male veterans and non-veteran male immigrants. Immigrant veterans show higher labor force participation and employment rates compared to U.S.-born veterans. Conversely, when compared to non-veteran immigrants, the trend is reversed. Overall, no statistically significant disparities are found in labor income and wage analysis. However, heterogeneous effects emerge based on education level, race, and birthplace. Immigrant veterans earn less income compared to U.S.-born veterans in the non-Hispanic White group, while no significant differences are observed in other races. Furthermore, compared to non-veteran immigrants, Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic Black immigrant veterans have higher labor incomes or wages, especially for those with a high school education as their highest level of attainment. In contrast, non-Hispanic White immigrant veterans earn less, particularly among individuals with a college education. Additionally, immigrant veterans from developed countries have lower incomes and wages compared to their non-veteran counterparts, whereas no such disadvantage is observed for immigrants from developing countries. These findings suggest potential advantages associated with military service in minority groups.

Mechanism of Tonifying Spleen-lung Recipe in the Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Observational Data.

Chronic bronchitis is a type of common chronic inflammatory respiratory disease, which is mainly characterized by chronic cough and expectoration. Clinical practice and experimental research have shown that the modified tonifying spleen-lung method has significant preventive and therapeutic effects on chronic lung diseases, but the mechanism of TSLR in the treatment of chronic bronchitis are not yet clear. To explore the mechanism of tonifying spleen-lung recipe (TSLR) in the treatment of chronic bronchitis (CB) through network pharmacology combined with observational studies. The effective components, core targets and signaling pathways of TSLR in the treatment of chronic bronchitis were obtained using network pharmacology. One hundred and thirty-seven elderly CB patients were selected as the observational group who were treated by TSLR, and 67 no-CB cases from the Physical Examination Center were selected as the control group. We compared the levels of inflammatory parameters between patients before and after TSLR treatment, and after treatment group with the control group were also compared. The key effective components of TSLR selected by network pharmacology included quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and nobiletin, and the core targets involved HSP90AA1, AKT1, JUN, MAPK1, IL6, MAPK3, MAPK14, STAT1, NFKB1, and CDKN1. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways might play a key role in the treatment of CB. The observation study demonstrated that compared with the control group, the levels of WBC, NEU, NLR, PCT, and CRP in the research group after TSLR treatment were increased. Although the levels of WBC, NEU, NLR, and PCT in the research group after TSLR treatment were higher than those in the control group, the above indicators trend tended towards the control group, and there was no significant difference in CRP indicators between the control group and after treatment group. TSLR had a good therapeutic effect on chronic bronchitis patients, which might be related to the fact that the natural active components in TSLR inhibit inflammation by regulating the expression of proteins related to PI3K-AKT and TNF signaling pathways.

Evaluation of Appropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Non-critically Ill Patients in Tertiary Medical Center: A Retrospective Study.

There are concerns about indiscriminate prescriptions and the inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) without any clear indications, especially among noncritically hospitalized patients. This study aimed to characterize PPI prescriptions among non-critically hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital between June and August 2021. The data of adult patients who received PPIs on hospital admission in the medical and surgical wards were collected and analyzed for appropriateness based on the current international guidelines and recommendations. A total of 174 patient records were included in this study. The proportion of patients with appropriate and inappropriate PPI prescriptions was 67.24% (n=117) and 32.76% (n=57), respectively. Female patients (risk=50.00%, 95% CI: 36.89-63.11, p<0.001) were more likely to receive an inappropriate PPI prescription than their male counterparts (risk=33.33%, 95% CI: 24.56-43.43, p<0.001). Intravenous omeprazole 40 mg once daily was the most frequently prescribed PPI (n=62). The hospital length of stay differed significantly between the groups of patients who received appropriate and inappropriate PPIs (24.56 ± 47.14 vs. 13.50 ± 13.84; t=2.34, 95% CI: 1.72-20.4; p=0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the total therapy duration in both the groups (3.76 ± 2.50 vs. 4.75 ± 3.32, t=-1.62, 95%CI: -1.79-0.17; p=0.11). The findings show a high trend of inappropriate PPI prescriptions. Hence, educational programs are recommended to encourage healthcare professionals to stick to the approved guidelines when prescribing PPIs.

Analysis of OTC and Prescribed Drugs Working Against COVID-19 Symptoms in the Context of Humans and Surrounding: A Brief Report on Medications Taken by Patients

Background: Coronaviruses are the genetic series of RNA viruses that infect both organisms mammals and birds. Different varieties of illnesses shown in humans as well as in birds are the most common causes ranging from minor to fatal. Common colds which are included in mild and SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are caused by fatal. After cell entry, the release of RNA into the cytoplasm occurs, which translates viral proteins followed by processed replication. Objective: The survey was based on a comparison study between the purchase of OTC and prescribed drugs for COVID-19 symptoms, including the volume of pharmacies from different zones of Yamunanagar district, Haryana. Methods: The analytical survey involves the different zones of Yamunanagar the pharmacist used in this report. The numerical data is gathered in a methodical investigation which leads to quantitative research. The data investigation was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The north zone area mostly suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic condition from January 2021 to June 2021 in Yamunanagar and found that most of the OTC drugs purchased by consumers were paracetamol (PCM) and Prescribed drugs (HQCS + Azithromycin) by the public regarding covid-19 symptoms. Conclusion: The outcome of this case report reveals that no statistically significant difference exists between the population parameter and sample statistics while the comparison retained the null hypothesis in different zones of Yamunanagar (Haryana), India including the volume of pharmacy and drug category.

Outcomes of bio-esthetic single implant-supported restorations after peri-implant soft tissue conditioning with two prosthetic techniques: A 1-year randomized clinical trial.

Outcomes of bio-esthetic single implant-supported restorations after peri-implant soft tissue conditioning with two prosthetic techniques: A 1-year randomized clinical trial.

Age Estimation from Teeth among Benghazi Children Using Demirjian’s Method

Background: Age estimation his of great importance in many clinical decisions in pediatrics, legal medicine, forensic sciences, anthropology and orthodontics in the view of increased immigration flow and globalization of economy. Demirjian method of age estimation is one of the widely used methods in determining chronological age of children, youths and young adults in many countries, however, its applicability in Libyan population have not been tested yet. .Aims: This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian method in Benghazi children esti-mating the chronological age of boys and girls aged 6 to 16 years of age from panoramic radiographs and to establish a new dental age curve if the Demirjian method was not found to be accurate.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study consisted of 250 OPGs for 127 boys and 123 girls between the ages of 6–16 years. All children were placed in the age group closest to their chronological age. The dental age was scored on all seven left mandibular teeth by calibrated examiner. Statistical analyses using the t-test and Pearson correlation were performed.Results: There was no significant difference in both boys and girls in all the age groups between their chronological age and dental age except for age group 6, 7, 15. Even though there was a slight overes-timation in boys in some age groups and slight underestimation in girls in some groups, Moreover, correlation analyses for each age group showed a significant correlation between the chronological age and the dental age, using the Demirjian method, in most age groups (P &lt; 0.01). When comparing the maturation score between boys and girls, the Student’s t-test didn’t reveal any statistically signif-icant difference between boys and girls in most age groups.Conclusion: Boys and girls living in the east region of Libya exhibited similar pattern of dental de-velopment when compared by Demirjian method with a reliable estimation of dental age b this method, so Demirjian method can be used as for this propose in children from the eastern region of Libya.

Sleep Preferences and Chronotype Traits Impact on Academic Performance Among University Students

Due to irregular daytime routines, chronotype changes, side jobs and exam periods after the COVID-19 pandemic, university students are trying to find new balances in their everyday life. The aim of the present study is to analyze the impact of daytime chronotype and hour preferences for the circadian rhythm on academic achievement among university students, considering their sleep habits and class frequencies in daytime and nighttime classes. Furthermore, this study aimed to analyze the differences in chronotype preferences with regard to age, sex, and academic schedule students are attending. A sample of 87 university second-year Psychology and Management students attending the academic year 2021/2022 after the governmental relief measures of the COVID-19 pandemic completed a 13-item questionnaire on sleep habits and preferences. Further variables encompassed sleep behaviors, such as age, sex, daytime and nighttime classes, as well as academic achievement. The results of the study showed that university students had a higher preference for the morningness type. Additionally, chronotype traits explained 30% (values from regression analysis) of academic achievement but did not directly impact academic results. The sleep-wake cycle diverged among age groups because the youngest participants (19–21 years old) and older participants (35–44 years old) reported higher academic scores during the first semester and the full academic year. No significant differences were identified with respect to sex. There is a lack of literature explaining the effect of sleep hours on academic achievement among students after stay-at-home rules during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is imperative to understand the difficulties students face with regard to their studying hours, working shifts, and daytime or nighttime classes to create a sustainable university system that attends to students’ needs and necessities.

Seasonal Changes of Nutrient Concentrations in Water of Some Locations in Southern Iraqi Marshes, After Restoration.

After restoration of Iraqi marshes during 2003, three locations were chosen, one in each main marsh (Um Al-Naaj site in Al-Hwaizeh marsh; Al-Nagarah site in Al-Hammar marsh and Al-Baghdadia site in Al-Chebaysh marsh) to determine the concentrations of nutrients (Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate and Silicate) in water seasonally for the period winter, spring, summer, and autumn at 2007. Five water replicates were collected from each site, seasonally. In the Lab., the samples were analyzed by colorimetric methods; the results showed that Um-Al-Naaj site has the highest nutrients level, while Al-Nagarah site has the lowest level. The statistical program t-test was applied at the significant levels (P-value &lt; 0.01) and (P-value &lt; 0.05) to know the significant differences in the nutrients concentration among the sites, as well as among the seasons. Statistically, the results showed that NO3, NO2, and PO4 concentrations have significant differences among the sites, as well as among the seasons. While, SiO2 concentrations have no significant differences among the sites, but they differed significantly among the seasons.

The role of TNF-? in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma “a study in Iraqi patients”

During recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the investigation of the cytokines roles in pathogenesis of cancer, thus the study aimed at evaluating the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?) in sera of Iraqi multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Beta 2-microglobulion (?2-m) was assessed to determine if there was any association between this cytokine and the level of ?2- m, as the latter is related to the stage of the disease. In addition, the age and gender were also taken into consideration. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between IgG and TNF-? in sera of patients. 49 Iraqi patients (27 males and 22 females).The patients were also divided into two groups: the first group included (17) patients who were recently diagnosed and not received any treatment at the time of collecting samples while the second group included (32) patients who received treatment. A further group was also investigated which included (12) apparently healthy individuals (9 males and 3 females), who were regarded as a control group. Serum TNF-? and ?2- m were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).while the concentration of IgG was measured by radial immune diffusion plates The study reached to the following results: TNF-? levels were not significantly elevated in the patients with MM compared to control group (5.98 ± 8.47 SD vs. 4.85 ± 12.1 SD) and no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed in the mean (6.02 ±8.1SD vs 5.9 ±9.4SD) concentration of TNF-? in patients with MM who received treatment, when compared with those who did not take the treatment .In addition, there are positive significant correlations between TNF-? and ? 2 Microglobulin (r = 0.316, P = 0 .027), and no relationship between IgG and TNF-? (r = - 0.032, P = 0.829).Furthermore, the study observed that, there was no correlation between TNF-? on the one hand and factors of age and gender on the other hand.

Epidemiological Surveillance of Communicable Diseases in Baghdad City during the Period January-April 2006

The records of Primary Health Care Centres (Al-Risafa section of Baghdad) were inspected for communicable diseases during the period January-April 2006. There were 8622 recorded cases (the diagnosis was based on a clinical examination and laboratory findings), which were distributed as 4782 (55.5%), 1430 (16.6%), 1604 (18.6%) and 806 (9.3%) for Sadar city, Risafa, A'adhamyiah and Mada'in, respectively. The highest frequency was reported for chicken pox (42.7%), followed by mumps and typhoid fever (20 and 13.7%, respectively), while diphtheria and cholera were not recorded. These three most frequent diseases were further analyzed, and their distribution showed a significant difference (P ? 0.001). April was the month of the highest recorded cases (48.05%), followed by March (18.8%), January (18.1%) and finally February (14.7%).

Distribution of Some Heavy Metals in Tigris River middle of Iraq

This study was conducted from February 2010 to December 2010. Water Samples were collected every two months in three stations in Baghdad city. The study involved the assessment of concentrations of some heavy metals such as: Chromium, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Nickel and Zinc. the values of chromium were undetected for the entire of the study, while the rest of the heavy metal were ranged between 0.001 -0.438 mg / l, ND -0.077 mg / L, ND -0.778 mg / l, 0.36 - 0.011 mg / l, 0.011-0 .08mg/ l, ND - 0.1985 mg / l, ND -0.0416 mg / l, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals were fluctuated during the study period, except Lead which have high concentrations and exceeded the permit limits in all stations. Result reveled that station 3 was more polluted than other stations. Also, for more confirm results the SPSS program was used to test the significant difference between the stations.

Accuracy of tooth color determination by dental students using daylight-calibrated dental operatory lighting sources

Accuracy of tooth color determination by dental students using daylight-calibrated dental operatory lighting sources

Comparative Effectiveness of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents for Glycemic Control and Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Using Flash Glucose Monitoring.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) as monotherapy, dual and quadruple therapy for glycemic control (GC) and glycemic variability (GV) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using flash glucose monitoring system (FGM). Diabetes management largely relies on HbA1c monitoring. Glycemic variability has been an evolving glycemic target for preventing complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the study was to compare glycemic control measures and glycemic variability measures among study groups and to study the relationships between GC and GV indices. Retrospectively, FGM data were collected from 50 T2DM patients. The patients were classified based on prescribed number of OHAs as monotherapy [group 1: Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (n=10), group 2: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (n=10), group 3: Sulphonylureas (n=10), group 4: Dual therapy (n=10), and group 5: Quadruple therapy (n=10)]. Measures of GC and GV were evaluated. Significant differences between study groups were observed in GC and GV measurements. The SGLT2 inhibitors monotherapy group demonstrated optimal GC [eA1c (%): 6.5 ± 2.2; MBG: 140.80 ± 63.94; TIR: 60.60 ± 19.96] and GV (SD: 42.38 ± 34.57; CV: 27.85 ± 6.68; MAGE: 96.76 ± 52.47; MODD: 33.96 ± 22.91) in comparison to other study groups. On using Pearson correlation analysis, mean blood glucose (MBG) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) showed moderate correlation (r = 0.742)(r2 = 0.551), depicting distinct glucose variabilities at the same mean blood glucose levels. The monotherapy group of SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated glucose-lowering effects with reduced glycemic variability. Hence, optimum glycemic control is associated with decreased glycemic variability.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Endometrial Scratching in Follicular and Luteal Phases in Pregnancy Rate of Frozen Embryo Transfer Candidate Women

Background: Endometrial scratching (ES) has been reported as a strategy to improve the outcome of IVF. Considering that the follicular phase and luteal phase have their specific characteristics and hormonal secretions, we investigated whether scratching in different phases affects a woman's chances of becoming pregnant following frozen embryo transfer. Methods: A total of 300 frozen embryo transfer candidate women with normal cavities and good embryo quality were randomly divided into two groups: group A with ES in the follicular phase and group B with ES in the luteal phase. In both groups, endometrial scratching was performed before IVF. The rate of pregnancy and baseline characteristics, such as age, education, and embryo quality, were compared between the two groups. Results: Our results showed no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the women who underwent ES in the follicular phase and those in the luteal phase for the outcome of IVF and chemical or clinical pregnancies. Conclusion: ES in different phases of the cycle preceding frozen embryo transfer did not affect the outcome of pregnancy.

Analysis and Validation of Tyrosine Metabolism-related Prognostic Features for Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.

To explore tyrosine metabolism-related characteristics in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and to establish a risk signature for the prognostic prediction of LIHC. Novel prognostic signatures contribute to the mining of novel biomarkers, which are essential for the construction of a precision medicine system for LIHC and the improvement of survival. Tyrosine metabolism plays a critical role in the initiation and development of LIHC. Based on the tyrosine metabolism-related characteristics in LIHC, this study developed a risk signature to improve the prognostic prediction of patients with LIHC. To investigate the correlation between tyrosine metabolism and progression of LIHC and to develop a tyrosine metabolism-related prognostic model. Gene expression and clinicopathological information of LIHC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Distinct subtypes of LIHC were classified by performing consensus cluster analysis on the tyrosine metabolism-related genes. Univariate and Lasso Cox regression were used to develop a RiskScore prognosis model. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis with log-rank test and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were employed in the prognostic evaluation and prediction validation. Immune infiltration, tyrosine metabolism score, and pathway enrichment were evaluated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Finally, a nomogram model was developed with the RiskScore and other clinicopathological features. Based on the tyrosine metabolism genes in the TCGA cohort, we identified 3 tyrosine metabolism-related subtypes showing significant prognostic differences. Four candidate genes selected from the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 3 subtypes were used to develop a RiskScore model, which could effectively divide LIHC patients into high- and lowrisk groups. In both the training and validation sets, high-risk patients tended to have worse overall survival, less active immunotherapy response, higher immune infiltration and clinical grade, and higher oxidative, fatty, and xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the RiskScore was an independent indicator for the prognosis of LIHC. The results from pan-- cancer analysis also supported that the RiskScore had a strong prognostic performance in other cancers. The nomogram demonstrated that the RiskScore contributed the most to the prediction of LIHC prognosis. Our study developed a tyrosine metabolism-related risk model that performed well in survival prediction, showing the potential to serve as an independent prognostic predictor for LIHC treatment.