Significant Difference In Anxiety Levels Research Articles

Psychological assistance to patients with thyroid cancer

Introduction. Thyroid cancer has a favorable prognosis but in long term patients are observed to be in psychological distress manifesting through elevated anxiety and depression which disrupt social adaptation. Studies have shown that 2–4 years after diagnosis and treatment of this malignant tumor, the majority of patients report dissatisfaction with family relationships and difficulties in performing everyday activities. These data demonstrate the necessity of rehabilitation aimed at patient adaptation to everyday life after therapy completion. Psychological help is an important aspect of rehabilitation.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of psychological help in patients with thyroid cancer.Materials and methods. The study included 42 women with thyroid cancer, stages I–III, Т1–3N0–1М0. Mean patient age was 44.5 ± 1.1 years. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups matched by age, disease stage and type of surgical intervention: treatment and control groups. The treatment group (n = 24) included patients who underwent psychological training in the postoperative period, the control group (n = 18) included patients who did not receive psychological help. Mental state was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The patients’ mental state was evaluated dynamically: 1st testing was performed after surgery, 2nd testing 12 months after surgery. Psychological training was performed in the postoperative period and included 5 individual classes teaching self-regulation skills.Results. After the surgery, HADS scale showed insignificant increase in anxiety in both groups. Analysis of repeat testing showed decreased anxiety levels in patients in the treatment group from 7.7 ± 0.2 to 6.3 ± 0.2, i. e. to normal level. In the control group, anxiety significantly increased from 7.8 ± 0.2 to 9.2 ± 0.2 (Student’s t-test = 5.17; p = 0.000168). Additionally, 12 months after surgical treatment statistically significant differences in anxiety levels between groups were observed: 6.3 ± 0.2 and 9.0 ± 0.2, respectively (Student’s t-test = 9.55; р <0.05). Primary examination showed subthreshold depression in patients of both groups: 7.9 ± 0.1 and 8.1 ± 0.2, respectively. No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed (Student’s t-test = 0.89; р >0.05). Repeat examination showed decreased depression level (in treatment group from 7.9 ± 0.1 to 7.4 ± 0.2, in the control group from 8.1 ± 0.2 to 7.7 ± 0.1), however it remained in the range of mean values. No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed (Student’s t-test = 1.34; р >0.05).Conclusion. Psychological training using self-regulation techniques performed in the early postoperative period normalizes anxiety level and prevents its elevation in long term in patients with thyroid cancer.

The Perils of Technology: Social Networking Addiction and Anxiety

Objective: After the invention of smart phone with many social networking sites, young generation specially seems likely to be affected with its excessive use. Along with the benefits brought by changes in technology, some negative repercussions can also result. Keeping this in mind the aim of this study was to explore the association between anxiety and social networking addiction in young adults. Method: For the said purpose a convenience sample of 200 young adults from Peshawar with an equal distribution of males (n=100) and females (n=100) participated in the study. Correlational research design was used to conduct the research. Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS; Mumtaz, 2014) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck & Steer, 1990) were applied on the sample. Findings: Results revealed a significant positive correlation between social networking addiction and anxiety among university students. Additionally, one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences in anxiety levels between addicted and non-addicted social media users, while no significant differences were found between excessive and addicted users. The findings also suggested a higher prevalence of social networking addiction among females as compared to males. Conclusion: On the basis of the results it is concluded that excessive use of social networking sites can put individuals at risk of developing anxiety. Hence, the software developers should program the sites such that it should turn off after a due time. Similarly, parents of young children should control the screen time of their offspring. Keywords: Social networking addiction, anxiety, young adults, internet, gender differences.

College student athlete versus nonathlete mental and social health factors during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: This study investigated differences in stress, anxiety, and social support between collegiate student-athletes and nonathletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: College students enrolled at a NCAA Division III private liberal arts college in the Midwest. Methods: Participants (n = 58) completed a series of surveys each month for 4 months that included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire. Results: There were significant main effects of time for stress and social support across the 4 months (p < 0.05), but not for anxiety. There was a significant difference in anxiety levels between athletes and nonathletes (p < 0.01), but not for social support or stress (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Nonathletes maintained support networks, or found alternate outlets of support, in addition to coping with anxiety and stress levels when compared to athletes.

Anxiety and Depression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Jiangsu, China.

This study aimed to explore the levels of anxiety and depression in a sample of home-quarantined college students to identify the risk factors for psychological distress during the COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 1156 college students studying in Jiangsu, China, participated from August 5 to August 14. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data anonymously, including demographic characteristics, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a physical activity scale, and items related to COVID-19. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were employed to establish the differences in levels of anxiety and depression across sociodemographic characteristics. Binary logistic regression was applied to measure the predictors of levels of anxiety and depression, and associations were considered significant at p <0.05. The estimates of anxiety and depression were 48.1% and 57.6%, respectively. The univariate analysis indicated a significant difference in anxiety levels across student grades, whether the student was an only child, the distance from the worst-hit areas, and physical activity/exercise intensity. Physical activity intensity and living in communities with infected people were statistically correlated with the level of depression. Binary logistic regression results indicated that the predictive factors for anxiety were living within a short distance from the worst-hit areas (10~20 km), engaging in higher education (graduate students), and low-intensity daily exercise. Factors statistically predicting depression symptoms were having siblings, a COVID-19 diagnosis in the community and low-intensity daily exercise. During outbreaks, students in an extremely stressful state are more likely to develop anxiety and depression, particularly postgraduates. Psychological interventions to reduce fears and encourage exercise should be available to home-quarantined college students. Students who live in the worst-hit areas and are not the only child in the family should be prioritized.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER AND ANXIETY IN TEAM SPORTS GAMES

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to identify possible differences in competitive anxiety and whether there is gender variability. Methods: The study included a total of 118 female and male athletes aged 13-24 years from 3 sports: 62 football athletes (16-female; 46-male), 33 basketball athletes (16-female; 17-male) and 23 volleyball athletes (15-female; 8-male). All 3 groups were subjected to an assessment aimed at state anxiety The following questionnaire was used for this assessment: Questionnaire for the identification of competitive state anxiety. Hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences in anxiety levels (cognitive and somatic) between athletes in the three sports involved in the research (football, basketball and volleyball). This study's results show statistically significant differences in competitive state anxiety among the study group, both genders and between the three categories of athletes (football, basketball, volleyball). Male subjects in this study tend to score higher to lower on competitive anxiety compared to female subjects. Football players have lower levels of competitive state anxiety. Conclusions: There are differences in anxiety levels (cognitive and somatic).

Islamic Self-Efficacy Training and Anxiety Facing Qur’an Memorization Tests of Tahfidz Students

This study aims to determine the effect of Islamic self-efficacy training to reduce anxiety in facing the Qur’an memorization test of the tahfidz students at Al-Muayyad Islamic Boarding School, Surakarta. This research is a quantitative pre-experimental design, with a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study are 30 female students who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The scale used to measure the level of anxiety facing the Qur'an memorization test is the TMAS (Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale) scale. Hypothesis testing is done using the Paired Sample T-Test. Hypothesis testing shows a significance value of 0.000 (p 0.005) which indicates a significant difference in anxiety levels between pre-test and post-test. This means that Islamic self-efficacy training has a significant effect on reducing anxiety in facing the Qur’an memorization test of tahfidz students.

Study to Assess Level of Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Scheduled for Surgery.

Pre-operative anxiety is unpleasant state of tension or uneasiness that results from patient doubt and fear before an operation. This study aims at assessing level of state and trait anxiety and other associated factors among preoperative patient. A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 195 patients above 18 years of age planned for elective surgery the following day in different departments in tertiary care center. State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and self-designed semi structured pro-forma was used to assess anxiety and patient particulars respectively. There were 195 patients in study among which 93(47.7%) underwent major surgery and 102 (52.3%) underwent minor surgery. The mean State Anxiety Score was 45.89±12.502. The mean Trait Anxiety Score was 43.17±9.342. State and Trait anxiety differed significantly in male and female patients. Trait Anxiety was associated with education and marital status. There was no significant difference in anxiety level in patient undergoing major and minor surgery. Male and female patients differed significantly in both State and Trait Anxiety.

Effect of music selection on anxiety during intravitreal injections for individuals of varying ethnicity.

Purpose: To investigate music selection as a treatment for anxiety during intravitreal injections (IVI) for individuals of varying cultures.Methods: A randomized control study was performed to evaluate the effect of music in 3 different subject groups. 106 individuals were enrolled in the study. Individuals were randomized into one of three categories: (1) a control group in which the IVI procedure was performed without music (n=35), (2) an experimental group in which music was selected by the physician (n=36), (3) an experimental group in which music was selected by the patient (n=35). Following the procedure, all patients completed a questionnaire regarding their level of experienced anxiety, pain and discomfort (grade 0-10). The primary outcome was anxiety level during the procedure.Results: Although no statistically significant difference in anxiety levels between groups was demonstrable, the experimental group in which patients selected music had higher number of patients with low anxiety scores compared to the other groups (p=0.04). Subjects who completed the questionnaire in Arabic were less likely to desire music on subsequent injections compare to Hebrew and English speakers (p=0.02). Music was deemed by both experimental groups as an effective method to induce relaxation (6.5±3.8 and 7.2±3.7). Preference for music on subsequent injections was increased in both experimental groups compared to the control group (P&lt;0.01), but more prominently in the third group (P&lt;0.01).Conclusion: Music selection may be an effective way to reduce anxiety levels during IVI. Preference for music during IVI may be influenced by culture and previous music exposure.

Psychological stress and influencing factors of hospital workers in different periods under the public health background of infectious disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study.

Background and AimsIt is well known that public health emergencies can affect the mental health of medical personnel, and many studies have focused on cross‐sectional studies with short‐term benefits. The present study aimed to investigate the long‐term influence of infectious disease outbreak about the mental health of hospital staff.MethodsThe demographic characteristics and mental health status of staff in Fuzhou, China, were analyzed by using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) Scale and Depression Screening Scale (9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9]) in February and December 2020.ResultsThere were no significant differences in anxiety levels during different time periods (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences among anxiety level and total score of GAD‐7 scale (p < 0.001). There were significant differences among the number of people with depression, depression level, and total score on the PHQ‐9 scale (p < 0.001). As the pandemic progressed, total scores of anxiety in medical staff with different titles decreased (p < 0.05), but depression scores in professionals with intermediate and senior titles increased significantly (p < 0.05). changes in anxiety and depression scores during different time periods also changed according to hospital worker specialty. Total scores of anxiety in doctors, nurses, medical technicians, and other staff members all decreased (p < 0.05), while total scores of depression in doctors, nurses, and other staff members significantly increased (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total depression score among medical technicians (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSince the outbreak of an infectious disease public health emergency, the anxiety of hospital staff has decreased over time, but the depression has increased. The management and psychological support personnel in medical institutions should continue to pay attention to the mental health of medical staff, and it is necessary to take different intervention measures in different periods when implementing the psychological crisis prevention mechanism.

A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL ANXIETY, SELF-EFFICACY AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT

A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL ANXIETY, SELF-EFFICACY AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF ANXIETY SENSITIVITY ON COLLEGE ENGLISH LEARNING -BASED ON THE LEARNING ATTACHMENT STYLES

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF ANXIETY SENSITIVITY ON COLLEGE ENGLISH LEARNING -BASED ON THE LEARNING ATTACHMENT STYLES

A DIACHRONIC CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH TEACHERS' ONLINE EMOTION REGULATION

A DIACHRONIC CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH TEACHERS' ONLINE EMOTION REGULATION

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON CHINESE EFL LEARNERS' CROSS-CULTURAL SENSITIVITY BASED ON EDUCATIONAL EMOTION REGULATION

Abstract Background Cross-cultural sensitivity is a prerequisite for learning and successful cross-cultural communication, but the research on the differences of cross-cultural sensitivity of Chinese English learners of different majors is still blank. The purpose of this study is to explore the significant correlation between different levels of cross-cultural sensitivity from the perspective of positive educational psychological effect, understand the differences of Chinese English learners in cross-cultural sensitivity, and find the main ways of understanding foreign culture in cross-cultural communication behavior, so as to provide theoretical and practical reference for cross-cultural communication researchers and English teachers. Therefore, based on the perspective of educational emotion regulation, this study discusses the cross-cultural sensitivity of Chinese English learners. Subjects and Methods Based on the cross-cultural sensitivity scale of Chen and starosta, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on the cross-cultural sensitivity of 331 Chinese EFL learners. They were divided into three professional groups: English, science, humanities and social sciences. The scale includes 24 five points scale questions about mental state, which measure the variables that constitute the level of sensitivity between five different cultures. In order to ensure the accuracy of the survey results, the author randomly selected 5 subjects from the three groups for in-depth interviews, and recorded and counted the interview results. SPSS 17.0 statistical software package was used for statistical analysis. At the same time, the anxiety level of foreign language learning was further explored in the study. The study took Kim's anxiety scale as the measurement scale, combined with Pearson correlation, standard deviation and statistical significance to illustrate the correlation. T-test of independent samples was used to verify the difference between high anxiety group and low anxiety group. It can be seen from the above table that there is a very significant positive correlation among state anxiety, trait anxiety and foreign language learning anxiety. It can be seen that the “anxiety” component of learners' personality characteristics plays a great role in the generation of foreign language learning anxiety. This finding is consistent with our experience and common sense, as well as the results of similar studies. For example, the test conducted by Wang caikang among college students in Guangzhou shows that the correlation coefficient between FLCAS and trait anxiety is 0.408, while the correlation coefficient with state anxiety is 0.395. Both reached a significant level (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Results The study shows that among the five factors of cross-cultural sensitivity, Chinese English learners have the highest respect for cultural differences, followed by interactive enjoyment, interactive attention and interactive self-confidence. The degree of interactive participation is much lower than the other four factors. Pearson's correlation analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between multiple factors of cross-cultural sensitivity, in which the degree of interactive attention and interactive participation are completely linear. Partial correlation analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between respect for cultural differences and interactive enjoyment. In addition, Chinese English learners are usually exposed to foreign cultures in a variety of ways. In terms of anxiety level, there are significant differences in the relationship between foreign language anxiety, self-efficacy and academic achievement of students of different majors and genders. It is found that compared with male college students, female college students' foreign language achievement and self-efficacy level are much higher. However, there is no significant difference in anxiety level between male and female college students. Conclusion This study shows that case-based cross-cultural teaching has a significant emotional impact on Chinese English learners' cross-cultural sensitivity and cross-cultural communicative competence. Critical cultural awareness is the key to improve Chinese English learning achievement and establish a healthy attitude for future life. Due to the limitations of the research object, the research scope and quantity need to be further studied. In addition, in the design of language teaching methods and syllabus, we must change the paradigm from the traditional perspective of cross-cultural sensitivity. Acknowledgements This research was supported by Youth Innovation Team Development Plan of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, “Youth Innovation Talent Introduction and Education Plan project”; “Multilingual Language Education and Service Innovation Team”.

A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN COLLEGE STUDENTS' ENGLISH LISTENING ANXIETY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

BackgroundSince the 1970s, psychological anxiety has been regarded by linguistics and psychologists as one of the important factors affecting English learning achievement. Many scholars have done quantitative research on the relationship between anxiety and students' foreign language achievement. However, due to the different subjects and research tools, the conclusions on the relationship between anxiety and listening performance are inconsistent, especially on the relationship between debilitating anxiety and listening performance. In order to clarify the relationship between anxiety and listening anxiety and find out the main factors leading to students' anxiety, we used questionnaire survey and SPSS 19 statistical software to study the English listening anxiety of Non-English Majors in Bohai University.Subjects and MethodsThe subjects were 120 non-English majors in Bohai University, including 48 males and 12 females. We use Kim's foreign language listening anxiety scale as the measurement scale, and use Likert scoring method to evaluate the scale. Pearson correlation, standard deviation and statistical significance were used to illustrate the correlation. Independent sample t-test was used to verify the difference between high anxiety group and low anxiety group. According to the statistical value of anxiety, participants were divided into three groups: low, medium and high anxiety groups. The questionnaire includes two kinds of anxiety, namely debilitating anxiety and promoting anxiety. Through t-test, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis, we investigated the relationship between foreign language anxiety, self-efficacy and academic achievement of students of different majors and genders.The study found that compared with the male group, the female group's foreign language achievement and self-efficacy level are much higher. However, there was no significant difference in anxiety levels between men and women. In addition, the study also found that foreign language anxiety was negatively correlated with foreign language achievement. Similarly, there is a significant negative correlation between foreign language anxiety and self-efficacy. State anxiety, trait anxiety and foreign language learning anxiety are positively correlated. The anxiety component of learners' personality characteristics plays an important role in the generation of foreign language learning anxiety. Research shows that foreign language anxiety, gender and self-efficacy can be used as comprehensive variables to measure foreign language learning achievement. Regression analysis showed that interpersonal emotion regulation had a significant positive predictive effect on explicit positive emotion (β= 0.29, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.27, 0.32]), that is, the body effect of learning emotion regulation on explicit positive emotion is significant. Then, model 4 in SPSS macro compiled by Hayes (2013) was used to test the mediating effect of expression inhibition between interpersonal emotion regulation and explicit positive emotion under the control of gender and age. The results showed that interpersonal emotion regulation significantly positively predicted expression inhibition (β= 0.14, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.13, 0.16]), interpersonal emotion regulation and expression inhibition predict explicit positive emotion at the same time (β= 0.22, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.20, 0.25]) and expression inhibition (β= 0.46, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.38, 0.54]) had significant predictive effect. The corrected bootstrap test showed that the mediating effect of expression inhibition was significant, the indirect effect value was 0.07, 95% CI [0.05, 0.09], and the mediating effect accounted for 24.14% of the total effect.ResultsOur results showed that although there was a positive correlation between promoting anxiety and English listening performance, it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Among the students' psychological anxiety, debilitating anxiety dominated, and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.01). This means that debilitating anxiety can be used as an indicator to measure the level of group anxiety. The results show that there is a negative correlation between listening anxiety and listening performance. Pearson correlation in high anxiety group was significantly higher than that in low anxiety group. This shows that students with poor English level are more likely to be anxious than students with good English level. Independent sample t-test confirmed that there was significant difference in debilitating anxiety between the two groups (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in promoting anxiety (P > 0.05).ConclusionOur results show that college freshmen generally have anxiety in English listening tests. Weakening anxiety rather than promoting anxiety has a negative impact on students' English listening performance. The higher the degree of anxiety, the lower the students' English listening level. The tension that leads to students' anxiety can be attributed to the following factors: insufficient examination preparation, lack of listening skills and background knowledge, lack of self-confidence and the difficulty of listening materials. Although our research is based on a small number of freshmen, its research on anxiety related listening performance is statistically significant. I hope it will be helpful to our research in the future.AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by the fund from Education Department of LiaoNing Province (No. WQ2020008).

EXPLORING AND CONSTRUCTING AN EFFECTIVE EVALUATION MODEL OF NETWORK TEACHING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTION REGULATION

BackgroundAffected by the epidemic, the online teaching of “Internet + intelligence” technology has broken the traditional teaching mode and realized the multi-dimensional, intelligent and in-depth interaction and integration between learners, teachers and online learning resources. It has become an important development direction of higher education in China and even the world. Network teaching has changed from “fresh” to “new normal”.Topics and MethodsUsing the methods of literature review, system analysis and PDCA cycle model, determine the design and evaluation of network teaching, and explore an effective evaluation model of network teaching from the perspective of educational psychology, so as to promote teaching practice. This study takes 200 freshmen in a university as the research object to study the College Chinese anxiety, self-efficacy and achievement level in online teaching. The score of the Chinese final exam is used to divide participants into pass group and fail group. Both gender and major are considered as variables of language achievement. This study includes four elements of self-efficacy: learning ability, courage to overcome challenges, effort and overcoming setbacks. Through t-test, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis, we investigated the relationship between foreign language anxiety, self-efficacy and academic achievement of students of different majors and genders.ResultsGenerally speaking, students' attention to online teaching evaluation fluctuated and increased, but there is still no core author group and close institutional cooperation network. The frontier fields of network teaching evaluation research mainly include evaluation theory and technology research, quality and effect research, quality influencing factors research, teaching design evaluation research and evaluation methods research. The research hotspots of network teaching evaluation mainly include the research on the concept and connotation of network teaching evaluation, the evaluation of network teaching environment and technology, the evaluation of network teaching curriculum and teaching process, and the evaluation of network teaching effect. However, teaching quality has become the bottleneck restricting the development of network teaching. It is difficult to see the whole picture of effective network teaching. Considering the space limitations of network teaching, there are many blind spots in the evaluation of teachers' network teaching effect. This paper formulates an effective network teaching evaluation model framework, constructs an effective network teaching standard evaluation content, and puts forward the implementation path of standard evaluation, which provides a strong guarantee for the high-quality development of network teaching. The results show that the learning anxiety level of the improvement group is significantly lower than that of the failure group, and the self-efficacy level of the pass group is significantly higher than that of the failure group. Compared with the male group, the female group's language achievement and self-efficacy level are much higher. However, there was no significant difference in anxiety levels between men and women. In addition, the study also found that foreign language anxiety was negatively correlated with foreign language achievement. Similarly, there is a significant negative correlation between foreign language anxiety and self-efficacy. State anxiety, trait anxiety and foreign language learning anxiety are positively correlated. The anxiety component of learners' personality characteristics plays an important role in the generation of foreign language learning anxiety. There was no significant difference between the experimental group (M = 2.528, SD = 0.540) and the control group (M = 2.695, SD = 0.858); There was no significant difference between the experimental group (M = 2.778, SD = 0770) and the control group (M = 2.556, SD = 0.808); There was no significant difference in the total score of emotion regulation self-efficacy between the experimental group (M = 35.083, SD = 5.931) and the control group (M = 35.500, SD = 5.551).ConclusionRealizing the standardization and standardization of the whole chain of the purpose, process and results of online teaching will help teachers clarify this process and knowledge system, improve the standards and practical ability of effective online teaching, and integrate new technologies such as artificial intelligence into the process of online teaching and online teaching evaluation, which has attracted the attention of more and more researchers and can greatly improve the learning quality of students, It provides a reference for the orderly development of online teaching activities.AcknowledgementThis research was supported by Heilongjiang Higher Education Teaching Reform Project “Exploration and Practice of Online Teaching Mode for Effective Learning” (Grant No. SJGZ20200094), Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund (Grant No. LBH-Q20107), Heilongjiang Basic Scientific Research Project (Grant No. 2020KYYWF-FC12), and Harbin Sport University Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Fee Project (Grant No. RCYJ-2104).

Health education of patients with cardiovascular disease for effective self-care

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Cardiovascular Disease leads to physical and psychosocial problems and worsens the quality of life of patients. Cardiovascular Disease Management is focused not only on reducing morbidity and mortality, but also on opportunities to improve daily life and overcome risk factors. Nurses play a key role in patient health education and their contributions have expanded in recent decades in Bulgaria. Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the possibilities for nurses' active participation in the health education of patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Methods The study included 146 patients with Cardiovascular Disease and a control group. The mean age of the respondents is 61.15 ± 2.35. The practical part of the study included 52 patients. The toolkit contains questionnaires for assessing stress and coping with everyday life, behavioral risk factors, a health education program and self-care. All participants have signed an informed consent, in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results The results of physical activity, routine activities, self-care and anxiety show some disorders in the patient group. Patients with anxiety were 49.3%, individuals in the control group were 21.9%, (χ2 = 23.89, p &amp;lt;0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in anxiety level between patients and the control group (t = 4.07, p &amp;lt;0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the relative shares of the two groups in terms of anxiety and physical activity (Z = 7.09, p = 0.000). Patients with self-care difficulties and anxiety are 24.0%. A relationship between anxiety and self-care options was found in patients (Z = 6.29; p = 0.000). A structured interview was conducted to identify lifestyle risk factors. The results show that 55.8% of patients are overweight. The relationship between waist circumference and BMI is straight moderate (r = 0.397, p = 0.004). The predominant number of men who smoke is 60.7%. A relationship was established between smoking and the gender of the respondents (χ2 = 18.21, df = 2, p = 0.000). The nurse conducted an individual interview with each patient to improve diet, daily routine, control blood pressure, blood sugar and more. A pedagogical model for health education was applied, based on goal setting, motivation, and self-care to achieve long-term results in terms of risk factor management. Positive changes were reported after 3 months in terms of hygiene and diet, physical activity, regular monitoring of blood pressure and medication. Conclusion Patient education is one of the most important aspects of nurses' work. Primary care nurses are a key factor in improving the quality of life of patients by implementing self-care education programs, reducing risk factors and monitoring the condition.

Audio distraction technique in management of anxious pediatric dental patients

BackgroundDental anxiety results in undesirable effects like turning away of dental treatment and increase stress among doctors that consequently have an effect on the treatment quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of listening to music using headphones as an audio distraction technique on behavior and anxiety management in children receiving dental treatment.Materials and MethodThe present interventional prospective study comprised of 60 subjects within the age group of 6-12 who were advised for dental procedures. The patients were selected from the outpatient department and grouped randomly into group A and group B with 30 subjects in each group. The group A comprised of 30 pediatric patients who were given audio distraction aids. In the group B, the treatment procedure were carried out without any distraction aids. The anxiety level was measured before and after the treatment for both the study and control group using Wong Baker's anxiety rating scale and statistical analysis were made.ResultIntergroup comparison showed highly significant difference in anxiety levels after the treatment. Intragroup comparison showed significant decrease of anxiety level from preoperative and post operative in both groups, but it was more significant in study group. The statistical analysis showed significant decrease in anxiety level after the treatment in study group than in control group.ConclusionAudio distraction technique proved to distract and reduce anxiety during dental procedures in pediatric patients.

A Cross-Sectional Survey On the Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on Doctors and Non-doctors in Pakistan

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is still showing fluctuating trends and rapidly increasing case numbers, naturally creating a significant air of panic and hopelessness. This study aimed to investigate the mental health status of doctors in comparison to non-doctors, and its suggestive determinants amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted during January–March 2021, using a convenience sampling technique. A sample size of 377 was calculated through RaoSoft (RaoSoft Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA) software. Inventories used are Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Score (SAS) and Self-Assessment Depression Score (SDS), for the purpose of comparing different groups. The survey was distributed as an online Google form via social media. Results were evaluated by IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0 (Endicott, New York, USA). Results: A total of 395 participants responded, out of which 10% showed extreme levels of anxiety. Among doctors, 14% had moderate levels of anxiety while 10% of unmarried respondents had extreme self-reported anxiety. Out of non-doctors, 15% showed signs of depression, among which a moderate level of depression was seen in 13% males, and severe depression was seen in 4% of married respondents. Higher depression scores were recorded in non-doctors, while there was no significant difference in anxiety levels of both groups. Conclusion: A significant impact on mental health has been noted in various groups of respondents, with severe depression as well as severe anxiety. This should be alarming enough to instigate authorities to conduct mental health programs to counter this negative impact of COVID-19. Quick interventions and strategies can save countries from a grim future.

A Quantitative Study of Undergraduate Students’ Anxiety

The main purpose of this quantitative study was to explore undergraduates&amp;rsquo; anxiety level, as well as the correlation and differences among such variables as the sources of anxiety, students&amp;rsquo; GPAs, grade levels, and majors. The research results indicated that undergraduates at a flagship university in the northwest, United States, were moderately anxious. There was no statistically significant difference in anxiety level and GPAs between domestic and international students. There was no statistically significant correlation between the anxiety and GPA concerning grade levels. Based on sources of anxiety and grade levels, undergraduates suffered exam anxiety most, and presentation anxiety came second. Freshmen&amp;rsquo; anxiety level related to all sources was highest. Seniors were least anxious. There were statistically significant differences in the anxiety level related to specific sources regarding grade levels, except for presentation source of anxiety. Built on anxiety sources and majors, Human Services students had the highest level of anxiety. The least anxious was Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources students. The study concluded that higher education institutions should implement effective policies, procedures and practices to mitigate students&amp;rsquo; anxiety level and thus improve their mental health and well-being.

Can living with COVID-19 patients in a hospital increase anxiety levels? A survey-based single-center study in Peru

Introduction: Anxiety can affect front-line healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic mainly in settings with influencing factors. Living with COVID-19 patients in hospital settings could affect mental health during lockdown. The present study aimed to estimate the anxiety levels of HCWs of the care center for COVID-19 Villa Panamericana during the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Peru. Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational study. Ninety-six HCWs were enrolled in this study (mean age 30±5.6 years). The care center for COVID-19 Villa Panamericana houses COVID-19 patients and HCWs in the same environment. We used the 14-item Hamilton anxiety rating scale questionnaire. Professionals were interviewed directly at the VP-19 rest towers. SPSS V.23 were used to analyze the data. Results: Fifty-four (56.3%) were male and the most frequent age group was 26-35 years (81.3%). Thirty-nine (40.6%) were nurses, 28 (29.2%) were nursing technicians, 15 (15.6%) were physicians, and 14 (14.6%) were medical technologists. Of the total, 66 (68.8%) HCWs had a mild level of anxiety, while 6 (6.3%) had severe anxiety. Medical technologists and nursing technicians had the highest level of severe anxiety (14.3% and 7.1%), while nurses had the highest level of mild anxiety (76.9%). We report that 32 (33.3%) HCWs had COVID-19 while 93.7% had symptoms of anxiety [3(9.4%) mild to moderate, 21(65.6 %) moderate to severe, and 6(18.8%) severe]. We found a significant difference in anxiety levels between HCWs with and without COVID-19 (p=0.001). Conclusions: Levels of moderate and severe anxiety significantly increased in HCWs infected with COVID-19 during their coexistence with COVID-19 patients in the health center that houses both at the same time.