Significant Antidiabetic Activity Research Articles

PHARMACOGNOSTIC, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF DRIED LEAVES OF ABRUS PRECATORIUS – AN IN VIVO APPROACH

Diabetes mellitus is among the most common disorder in developed and developing countries, and the disease is increasing rapidly in most parts of the world. It has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes mellitus use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. The medicinal plants refer to the plants extracts of different parts (leaves, seeds, roots, fruits etc.) which are used in the treatment of various diseases of humans, animals and plants. So, the study was carried out to ascertain the anti diabetic properties present in different extracts of dried scale leaves of Abrus precatorius. The present study is an attempt to highlight the anti diabetic activity as well as phytochemical and pharmacological reports on Abrus precatorius and calls for better-designed clinical trials to elucidate possible therapeutic effects on diabetes. The in-vivo studies on the chloroform leaves extract of Abrus precatorius revealed the presence of significant anti diabetic activity. Therefore, it can be used as a source of natural anti diabetic and used in drug formulations for treatment of diseases.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiabetic activities of Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet

BackgroundMany plants of genus Abutilon are traditionally used for treatment of inflammation, bronchitis, piles, gonorrhea, diabetes and fever. Abutilon hirtum is traditionally used to ease the pain of kidney gravel, to treat diarrhoea, cough and toothache, to cure bladder inflammations, wounds and ulcers and as an antipyretic, demulcent, diuretic and mouth wash. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiabetic effects of the total ethanolic extract and different fractions of Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet leaves.MethodsAir dried powder of A. hirtum leaves were extracted using 95% ethanol and fractionated successively with petroleum ether, chloroform and finally with ethyl acetate. The extracts were concentrated to afford petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions and were investigated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiabetic activities using carrageenan-induced paw edema, hot plate, yeast -induced pyrexia and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia methods, respectively.ResultsThe total ethanolic extract and the chloroform fraction exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity with a percentage of inhibition 50.8% which is close to that of indomethacin (52.4%). The aqueous extract exhibited the maximum analgesic activity (216.6%) with a rapid onset and a longer duration followed by petroleum ether and chloroform fractions and total extract (189.8, 186.9 and 183.0%, respectively), which is almost similar to that of acetylsalicylic acid (186.4%).The total ethanolic extract showed higher activity compared to the used standard acetylsalicylic acid with a rapid onset (30 min) and a longer duration exhibiting the maximum activity. The crude polysaccharides fraction showed a significant lowering in blood glucose level (81.08%). The total extract and petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited a significant anti-diabetic activity after 5 h (47.49, 47.79, 50.04, 49.80 and 46.36%, respectively) compared with that of metformin (55.45%).ConclusionAbutilon hirtum extract and fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory analgesic, antipyretic and antipyretic activities which may be attributed by the presence of active phytoconstituents.

Evaluation of Boerhavia erecta L. for potential antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing chronic metabolic disorder and a leading cause of death worldwide. Today herbal drugs are in great demand for the treatment of diabetes because of the adverse effects caused by allopathic drugs. In the present study, whole plant of Boerhavia erecta L. was evaluated for antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in STZ-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. An OGTT was performed on normal rats. B. erecta (200 and 400 mg/kg) was orally administered to diabetic rats for 28 days. The blood glucose levels were determined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after oral administration of B. erecta (200 and 400 mg/kg) and standard drug (glibenclamide, 0.6 mg/kg). The extract's effect on body weight, plasma enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL levels were also analysed. In OGTT, the treatment with B. erecta showed a highly significant (P ≤ .001) reduction in plasma glucose levels, 30 min after glucose load. On diabetic rats, the extract showed a significant (P ≤ .001) reduction in blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TC, LDL, VLDL, TG and a significant (P ≤ .001) increase in body weight, total protein and HDL levels. Histopathological studies also supported the antidiabetic effect of the extract. This study suggests that B. erecta possess significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities.

Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of hydrolyzed peptides derived fromJuglans mandshuricaMaxim. fruits in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and type 2 diabetic mice

Bioactive peptides derived from plant proteins are promising sources for the development safe hypoglycemics. The present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of walnut hydrolyzed peptides (WHPs) obtained from the fruit proteins of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. In vitro results showed that WHPs with medium molecular weights (3–10 kDa) exhibited the highest α‐glucosidase inhibitory rate (61.73%) and significantly increased extracellular glucose consumption in insulin‐resistant HepG2 cells. In mice with streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetes, WHPs with medium molecular weights reduced fasting blood glucose levels by 64.82% and increased insulin secretion by 23.71% and liver glucokinase and glycogen levels by 69.54 and 76.19%, respectively. Furthermore, an analysis of serum lipid profiles showed that WHPs significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Our results indicate the antidiabetic potential of WHPs and provide evidence to support the application of WHPs in the treatment of diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Juglans mandshurica Maxim., commonly known as the Manchurian walnut, is a member of the Juglandaceae plant family. Its fruit is extensively consumed in northeast China and is used in the production of dairy and bakery products, candy, and cooking oil owing to its high protein content (about 30%), abundance of essential amino acids, and easy digestibility. Hence, there has been an immense increase, up to a million hectare, in the area under Manchurian walnut cultivation. The results of the present study indicated that WHPs showed significant antidiabetic activity by improving α‐glucosidase activity, glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and liver glucokinase and glycogen levels as well as by decreasing the fasting blood glucose level. These findings have identified a green source of novel antidiabetic peptides that can either be used as a functional food ingredient in the management of hyperglycemia or developed as a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

GC-MS and molecular docking studies of Hunteria umbellata methanolic extract as a potent anti-diabetic

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the diabetic effect of phytocompounds synthesized from Hunteria umbellata using GC-MS analysis and molecular docking studies. Objective Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists are beneficial in the treatment of diabetes by stimulating insulin sensitivity and antagonizing hepatic gluconeogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the PPAR-γ agonist property of phytocompounds from Hunteria umbellata using an in-silico approach. Methods Molecular docking of Hunteria umbellata on human PPAR-γ protein was determined by Auto/Vina in Pymol 4.2 and compared with Gilbenclamide, a known agonist of PPAR-γ. Results Our present study reports the phytochemical analysis of the extracts of the seeds and leaves of Hunteria umbellata. 21 compounds were revealed through GC-MS analysis and screened using AutoDock/Vina against PPAR-γ. Docking studies recommended that 2,2-Benzylidenebis (3-methylbenzofuran) an existing phytochemical from the seed of Hunteria umbellata had the highest fitness score of −11.3 kcal/mol and hence could be a potent antidiabetic drug. Conclusions Hunteria umbellata seed extract and its compound 2,2-Benzylidenebis (3-methylbenzofuran) have a significant antidiabetic activity against PPAR-γ. The molecular binding interaction of an in-silico data demonstrated that 2,2-Benzylidenebis (3-methylbenzofuran) has more specificity towards the PPAR-γ binding site and could be a potent antidiabetic compound.

Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanolic extract ofCinnamomum cassia

Background: Cinnamomum cassia or Chinese cinnamon is one of the fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. C. cassia is used as astringent, antiseptic, and used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of its extracts are unclear. Hence, the present study is planned to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of methanolic extracts barks of C. cassia. Materials and Methods: Bark of C. cassia was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and acetone and its antioxidant activity was studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Acute toxic effect of methanolic extract of C. cassia (MECC) carried out as Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. MECC was studied for its antidiabetic effect using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Results: In both DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assay, methanolic and ethanolic extracts exhibited free radical scavenging activity. In acute toxicity testing, MECC did not show any significant toxic signs up to 2000 mg/kg, hence the antidiabetic activity of MECC was carried out at the dose levels of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. MECC showed antidiabetic activity from 2nd week of the experiment onward. At the end of the study, diabetic animals showed significant increases in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), very-low-density lipoprotein, and TC/high-density lipoprotein radio compare with that of normal control and MECC prevented the STZ-induced hyperlipidemia. In the histopathological analysis, sections from the liver, pancreas, and kidney of the diabetic animals and the animals treated with MECC 500 mg/kg showed mid-to-moderate toxic effects. Conclusion: The MECC exhibited significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Abbreviation Used: ABTS: 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ALP: Alkaline phosphatase, ANOVA: Analysis of variance, AUHAEC: AIMST University Human and Animal Ethics Committee, BW: Body weight, CKD: Chronic kidney disease, CMC: Carboxymethyl cellulose, DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, GLP1: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, MECC: Methanolic extract of C. cassia, OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, SD: Sprague-Dawley rats, S-GLUT1: Sodium glucose co-transporter 1, SGOT: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, SGPT: Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, STZ: Streptozotocin, TC: Total cholesterol, VLDL: Very-low-density lipoprotein, WHO: World Health Organization.

Evaluation of protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula Linn. Pod on pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with oxidative stress. Medicinal plants and herbs are the rich sources of antioxidants which ameliorate oxidative stress-induced diabetic complications and could play an important role in the management of diabetes. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of 70% ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula pod on pancreas in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg b.wt.). The diabetic rats were administered orally with C. fistula pod extract at three different doses (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day) for 60 days. The results were compared with standard drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.wt./day) treated rats. Relative pancreatic weight and serum insulin level were determined. Histopathological changes and oxidative stress parameters, i.e., lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS]) and antioxidative defense markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and ascorbic acid), in the pancreas were investigated. Results: Oral administration of C. fistula pod extract (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day) or glibenclamide in diabetic rats significantly improved serum insulin level, total protein concentration, relative pancreatic weight, and mean diameter of islets of Langerhans as compared to diabetic control rats. Furthermore, treatment with extract also reduced TBARS levels and improved the levels of antioxidant markers in the pancreas. The histomorphological picture of the pancreas showed marked restoration of islets morphology. These results were comparable with glibenclamide. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that C. fistula pod extract possesses significant antidiabetic activity though enhanced insulin secretion, improvement of antioxidative status of pancreas, and preservation of the integrity of pancreatic islets. Abbreviations used: b.wt.: Body weight; CAT: Catalase; DM: Diabetes mellitus; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; GSH: Glutathione; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; STZ: Streptozotocin; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.

Lack of antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Solanum trilobatum Linn (Solanaceae)

Objective: The objective was to study the antidiabetic properties of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Solanum trilobatum (EEST) in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetics in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: EEST was prepared by using hot percolation method and the extract was used for antidiabetic screening. The SD rats were divided into six groups each of six animals, namely normal control, diabetic control, glibenclamide and EEST-treated groups at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Except normal control animals, all the other animals were induced diabetes with intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg). The control and diabetic animals were treated with respective assigned treatment once daily for 21 consecutive days. The blood glucose was monitored at regular intervals and biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine were measured with terminal sample. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed; lung, heart, stomach, liver, and kidney were harvested and absolute organ weight was measured. Results: The rats administrated with the extracts at dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day showed significant antidiabetic activity and this effect was comparable with that of glibenclamide. The diabetic control animals showed significant increased levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL ratio, very-low-density lipoprotein, and glibenclamide, and EEST prevented STZ-induced cholesterol impairments. EEST did not show any significant antidiabetic effect at 125 and 250 mg/kg BW/day treated rats. Conclusion: EEST showed significant antidiabetic activity at 500 mg/kg and prevented STZ-induced metabolic changes in experimental animals. EEST did not show any antidiabetic activity in diabetic animals treated with 125 and 250 mg/kg of EEST.

Anti-diabetic and acute toxicity studies of <em>Annona squamosa</em> L. ethanolic leaves extract.

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Aim of this research work was to explore the anti-diabetic activity and acute toxicity of <em>Annona squamosa </em>L. leaves ethanolic extract in albino rats and mice respectively.</p><p>Diabetes was induced by Alloxan (120 mg/kg). Seven rats were taken in each group. Glibenclaimide (0.25 mg/kg) was taken as the standard drug. <em>A. squamosa</em> was administered orally in 100mg, 200mg and 400mg doses in three different groups of diabetes- induced rats. <em>A. squamosa</em> leaves extracts were found to have significant anti-diabetic activity.</p><p>Acute toxicity study was carried out on administration of 800mg/kg, 1600mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg body weight. No acute toxicity was observed at 800mg/kg and 1600mg/kg doses. At 5000mg/kg body weight dose 100% fatality was recorded within 24 hours.</p><p>Our research work revealed the safe and effective anti-diabetic activity of <em>Annona squamosa</em> ethanolic leaves extract. </p>

Pharmacological Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cassia fistula Linn. in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Major public health problem “diabetes” is approaching epidemic proportions globally and increasing at alarming rate all over the world. The Medicinal plants of India plays important role in the management of diabetes as they possess potent activity against diabetes. The present study protocol is aimed to evaluate antidiabetic activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula pod in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats by single intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.wt.). C. fistula pod extract at three different doses (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day) were administered orally with for 30 days to diabetic rats. The results were compared with standard drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.wt./day) treated rats. The results showed that streptozotocin treated diabetic control rats suffered with decrease in the body weight and glycogen content in the liver as well as significant increase in the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as compared to normal control rats. Oral administration of C. fistula pod extract or glibenclamide to diabetic animals for 30 days increased body weight and hepatic glycogen content and significant reduction in the blood glucose and HbA1c levels and as compared to diabetic control rats. The present results and study showed that C. fistula pod possess significant antidiabetic activity.

Cardiac function profiling and its antidiabetic effect of Daphne mucronata in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits

Diabetes mellitusis a chronic hyperglycemia associated with elevated plasma cholesterol.Natural and traditional herbal remedies are a source of new commercial products. Anti-diabetic potential of D. mucronata extracts (methanol) has been assessed in alloxan monohydrate diabetic induced rabbits.The extracts were given orally by 8 hours. Thedose rate was 12 mg, 125mg, 225 mg and 325mg/kg body weight respectively.At every 2 hours blood sample was collected, serum separated and glucose level was determined by kit method. The result suggests that the treatment of 325 mg/kg body weight significantly(p<0.05) decreased blood glucose and cholesterol level at 143 mg/dl and 166.33 mg/dl in the experimental group.Therefore, it is concluded that the D. mucronata possess significant anti-diabetic activity.

Bioactive phenolics from mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.)

Mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) are a kind of crop waste and the present work is focusing on its bioactive constituents. Phytochemical study on the extract of mango leaves resulted in the isolation and identification of 5 benzophenones and 17 flavonoids. Among them, there were 4 new benzophenone glycosides, elucidated as 4′,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-(2″),3-C-(1″)-1″-desoxy-β-fructopyranoside, 4,4′,6-trihydroxybenzophenone-2-O-(2″),3-C-(1″)-1″-desoxy-β-fructopyranoside, 4,4′,6-trihydroxybenzophenone-2-O-(2″),3-C-(1″)-1″-desoxy-β-fructofuranoside, and 2,4′,6-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-3-C-(2-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl)-α-d-galactoside, together with eighteen known compounds. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. The results displayed that some phenolics showed significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The study provided a phytochemical evidence for further development and utilization of mango leaves in health products.

Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic activities and herb–drug interaction of a polyherbal formulation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

BackgroundOjamin (OJ), a polyherbal antidiabetic formulation, is extensively used as a food supplement to control diabetes alone or along with synthetic antidiabetic agents. However, it's phytochemical and pharmacological investigations are lacking. ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to study antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of OJ and its interaction with Metformin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methodsDiabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic activities of OJ were evaluated at dose of 0.28 ml/kg by estimating biochemical changes in urine, serum and liver tissue homogenate and histological changes in liver and pancreatic tissues. Metformin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference standard drug. ResultsResults indicate that STZ administration caused hyperglycemia, increased serum glycosylated hemoglobin content, altered serum lipid profile, polyuria, decreased liver glycogen content and histological changes in liver and pancreatic tissues. This elevated serum glucose level and urine volume was significantly decreased by OJ. Supplementation with OJ produced significant improvement in serum lipid profile and glycosylated hemoglobin content along with significant increase in the liver glycogen content. OJ treatment also restored histological changes in liver and pancreatic tissue near to the normal. The observed antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of OJ were superior to Metformin. Co-treatment of diabetic rats with OJ and Metformin failed to control blood glucose levels. ConclusionIt is concluded that the OJ possesses significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in rats. However, co-administration of OJ and Metformin is cautioned.

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT, FRACTIONS, AND ASIATICOSIDE COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM CENTELLA ASIATICA LINN. LEAVES IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

Objective: Centella asiatica Linn. is known and used as traditional antidiabetic drug especially in ayurvedic traditional system in some countries. The main objective of this study was to evaluate antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract, saponin-rich fraction (SRF), nonsaponin fraction (NSF), and asiaticoside compound isolated from C. asiatica Linn. leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.Methods: Diabetes was induced in albino mice by administration of alloxan monohydrate (60 mg/kg i.v). Extract was administrated orally each in doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, the SRF and NSF were in doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg, while the asiaticoside was administrated in doses of 1.4, 2.8 and 5.6 mg/kg for 21 days. Blood fasting glucose level, insulin level, and glycosylated hemoglobin level were measured, and histopathology of pancreas was observed to determine antidiabetic activity of each sample.Results: Decreased blood fasting glucose level, increased insulin, and decreased glycosylated hemoglobin were observed in diabetic mice treated with extract, SRF and asiaticoside. On 21st day, extract at dose 500 mg/kg, SRF at dose 300 mg/kg, and asiaticoside at dose 5.6 mg/kg gave lowest blood glucose level in their each group which were 239±8.0, 254±10.4, and 217±8.1 mg/dl, respectively, compared to control group at 290±14.8 mg/dl. Insulin level of these three groups was 19.4±0.59, 24.8±0.99, and 27.8±0.77 μIU/ml, respectively, the highest value in their each group compared to 7.28±0.34 μIU/ml in control group. Meanwhile glycated hemoglobin level of these groups was 2.040±0.08, 2.010±0.04, and 2.11±0.07 ng/ml, respectively, lowest value in their each group compared to control group at 2.76±0.06 ng/ml. However, histopathology study in these groups did not show any improvements in regeneration of β-cells of pancreas. In the other side, NSF treatment did not affect any the parameters mentioned above.Conclusions: It can be concluded that extract, SRF and asiaticoside isolated from C. asiatica Linn. possess significant antidiabetic activity in diabetic mice. Based on increased levels of insulin and histopathology studies of pancreatic tissue, antidiabetic activity of those samples was believed to occur through the mechanism of increasing secretion of healthy pancreatic β-cells without any ability to regenerate β-cells that were damaged by alloxan.

Enhancing anti-diabetic potential of bitter gourd juice using pectinase: A response surface methodology approach

Bitter gourd exhibits significant anti-diabetic activity. In the present study, pectinase concentration (4.04–15.92 ml kg−1), incubation time (48–191 min) and temperature (31–55 °C) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for obtaining increased juice yield with higher anti-diabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition) activity, total phenolics and antioxidant activity. The optimum conditions i.e. pectinase concentration (10.2 ml kg−1), incubation time (140 min) and temperature (48.8 °C) resulted in juice yield of 82%, α–amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of 23 and 59%, respectively, with total phenolic and antioxidant content of 710 and 198 μg GAE ml−1, respectively. In comparison, control (prepared without enzyme treatment) had significantly (p < 0.05) lower juice yield, α–amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of 59, 8 and 17%, respectively. Control samples also demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) lower total phenolic and antioxidant content of 464 and 162 μg GAE ml−1, respectively. RSM optimized juice also demonstrated significantly (p > 0.05) higher contents of phenolic acids as compared to control juice.

ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF THE OYSTER MUSHROOM PLEUROTUS FLORIDA (MONT.) SINGER

Objective: The present investigation comprises, in vitro antidiabetic activity such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and in vivo antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Pleurotus florida.Methods: The fruiting bodies of Pleurotus florida were obtained from Mushroom Unit, Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India. Sample preparation, qualitative phytochemical analysis, in vitro antidiabetic activities namely α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and in vivo antidiabetic activity namely evaluation of alloxan induced diabetic rats were carried out following the methods reported previously.Results: In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of P. florida exhibited significant results for its α-amylase (94.93±1.75 % at 1000 µg/ml) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (84.90±0.42 % at 1000 µg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. The extract also showed significant antidiabetic activity on in vivo (p&lt;0.05) at the tested dose level (200 mg/kg b. w) this was comparable to Glibenclamide, a standard antidiabetic drug.Conclusion: The presence of phytochemicals namely phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids may be responsible for such antidiabetic activity. These results reveal that P. florida can be used as a potential antidiabetic agent.

Evaluation of Biological Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Flowers on Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Rats.

Aim and Objective The current study sought to investigate antidiabetic, hypolipidimic, antioxidant and histopathological effects of floral extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis in Alloxan induced Diabetes in rats. Materials and Methods Study was conducted on 6 groups with 6 wistar rats in each group for the period of 4 weeks. Group I: served as normal control (NC), rats administered with gum acacia 1 ml daily, group II: consider as diabetic control (DC) treated with alloxon 150 mg/kg body wt. Whereas Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract was given orally in group III (DE1), group IV (DE2), group V (DE3) at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight dissolved in distilled water respectively. Group VI (DG) was given glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) as a standard drug and results were compared in reference to it. Results The results indicate that the test compound HEFHR (Hydroalcoholic extract of flower Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) has significant and sustained oral antidiabetic activity, comparable with the hypoglycemic effect of Glibenclamide and Sulphonylurea. Flower extract of HRS was more efficacious in lipid lowering effect and in antioxidative activity than glibenclamide. After 28 day treatment with flower extract, size of islets was significantly increased and necrosis and atrophy of islets were significantly improved; also increase in number and diameter of cell islets appeared to be regular as compared to the diabetic group. Conclusion HEFHR possesses significant antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties as well as regeneration of beta cells in rats. Further evaluation of HEFHR is in progress.

Antidiabetic Activity of Methanol Extract of Canthium parviflorum Lam. Leaves

The present investigation was carried out to study the antidiabetic activity of the methanol extract from the leaves of Canthium parviflorum Lam. (Family- Rubiaceae) in adult Wistar rats at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. respectively using normoglycemic, glucose loaded and alloxan induced hyperglycaemic models. Metformin (250 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference standard for the activity comparison. Results of the study revealed significant antidiabetic activity of the methanol extract in a dose dependent manner. The antidiabetic activity showed by the extract may be due to by promoting the insulin release from the undestroyed β-cells or its action may be similar to insulin. Our study supports the folklore claims to its utilization as an antidiabetic medicinal plant and and suggests that leaves possess promising therapeutic activity for the maintenance of diabetes mellitus.

Anti-hyperglycemic activity of polysaccharides from calyx of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii Makino on alloxan-induced mice

The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharides (PPSC) isolated from calyx of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii Makino in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Seven polysaccharide fractions were obtained through a DEAE-52 column and Sephadex G-100 gel column and they were the main composes of PPSC. The PPSC treatment could prevent the loss of body weight in diabetic mice and result in a decrease of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated serum protein (GSP) and an increase of fasting serum insulin in a dose-dependent manner. The histopathological examination of pancreas revealed the ability of PPSC to protect and reverse β-cells from necrosis due destruction of alloxan in diabetic mice. Furthermore, oral PPSC upregulated the expression of PI3K, Akt and GLUT4 mRNA in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. The results suggest that PPSC possess significant anti-diabetic activity, as evaluated using alloxanised diabetic mice model. Consequently, PPSC might be a promising candidate for the development of a new anti-diabetic agent.

Hypoglycemic effects of Prunus cerasus L. pulp and seed extracts on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice with histopathological evaluation.

The study was undertaken to investigate the acute and subchronic hypoglycemic effects of an ethyl acetate (EtAc) extract of red sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) pulps and seeds in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The Prunus cerasus pulp (PPc) and seed (SPc) EtAc extract s were IP-administered to the mice in doses of 100, 150 and 200mg/kgbody weight (b.w.) for acute study (6h) and subchronic study (8days). The in vivo effects of (PPc) and (SPc) EtAc extracts were assessed through blood glucose levels (BGL), changes in body weight as well as antioxidant enzyme activity. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed for obtaining pancreatic tissues samples to assess histopathological changes in pancreas of control and alloxan-induced mice. Acute administration of either PPc or SPc for 6h at all tested doses, significantly (P≤0.05) decreased BGL as compared with vehicle treated diabetic control (DIA CTRL) group with PPc showing more significant acute antidiabetic activity than those of SPc. In addition, subchronic administration of PPc has shown more significant (P≤0.05) amelioration of hyperglycemia, weight-loss and oxidative stress at all doses compared to SPc administration. Histologically, treatment with PPc and SPc showed significant pancreatic cell regeneration compared to diabetic controls. Results indicated that ethyl acetate extracts of Prunus cerasus pulps and seeds promote acute and subchronic hypoglycaemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice with pulp extracts having a more pronounced effect.