Short-wavelength Automated Perimetry Results Research Articles

Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry in Type I Diabetic Patients without Retinal Involvement: A Test Modification to Decrease Test Duration

To compare short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) between type I diabetic patients without clinical posterior segment involvement and nondiabetic control subjects. Forty eyes of diabetic patients without obvious posterior segment involvement and 34 eyes of the nondiabetic control group were included in the study. A complete set of ophthalmic examination was followed by SWAP perimetry in all subjects. Short-wavelength automated perimetry results were compared between the 2 groups. In addition, as a modification to SWAP, the data of the central 16 points were omitted and the resulting data of the remaining 60 points (corrected data) were compared between the 2 groups. Mean deviation in the diabetic patients (group I) was -6.51 dB and in the control group (group II) -3.0 dB; the difference was statistically significant. Mean corrected sensitivity in group I was 19.79 dB and in group II 22.37 dB. Mean corrected total deviation in group I was -6.67 and in group II -3.22. Both differences were highly statistically significant. The mean corrected pattern deviation in group I was -3.29 and in group II -3.04, which was not a statistically significant difference. Short-wave automated perimetry abnormalities precede diabetic retinopathy in type I diabetic patients and omission of central 16 points does not compromise test results in this situation.

Short-wavelength automated perimetry results are correlated with optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements in glaucomatous eyes

Purpose To determine the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and short wavelength–sensitive visual function measured using short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP). Design Retrospective observational case series. Methods Subjects were recruited from the longitudinal University of California, San Diego, Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and included 29 glaucoma patients with OCT imaging and reliable SWAP visual field (VF) testing within a 6-month window. Main outcome measures Correlations between deviation from normal (thinner than 97.5% of normal) RNFL measurements taken at 30° sectors (12 sectors described as clock hours) and SWAP average pattern deviation within 21 VF zones were determined. The number of OCT-measured RNFL sectors outside of normal limits and the number of VF zones outside of normal limits also were compared. Results The OCT nerve fiber layer thickness was outside of the normal limits in at least 1 sector in 26 (89.6%) patients. Twenty-eight (96.5%) patients had at least 1 SWAP VF zone outside of normal limits. Optical coherence tomography sectors 6-o'clock, 7-o'clock, and 8-o'clock (inferior and inferotemporal) and SWAP VF zones 13, 14, and 16 (superior hemifield central and arcuate areas) were the most frequently damaged. In general, the strongest R 2 associations were between inferior and inferior temporal RNFL sectors (e.g., 6-o'clock, 7-o'clock) and superior nasal/arcuate VF zones (e.g., zones 13, 14, 15) and between superior and superior temporal RNFL sectors (e.g., 12-o'clock, 11-o'clock) and inferior central and arcuate VF zones (e.g., zones 5, 6, 7) ( R 2 range = 24.3%–37.3%, all Ps ≤ 0.005). Most nonsignificant associations were found between superior RNFL sectors and superior VF zones. Conclusion Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured with OCT is topographically correlated with glaucomatous VF defects measured with SWAP.

Incidence and prevalence of short wavelength automated perimetry deficits in ocular hypertensive patients

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and incidence of short wavelength automated perimetry deficits in comparison to standard automated perimetry deficits in patients with ocular hypertension. METHODS: Five hundred eyes of 250 patients with ocular hypertension were recruited into a prospective, longitudinal study and tested with standard automated perimetry and short wavelength automated perimetry annually for 5 years. Both eyes of 60 normal subjects, 21 to 85 years of age, were used to establish normative data for short wavelength automated perimetry and standard automated perimetry. This allowed independent evaluation of left and right eyes of patients. All normal data were corrected for age, and short wavelength automated perimetry results were corrected for lens transmission. The lowest fifth and first percentiles for the normal observers were derived for the 10 glaucoma hemifield test zones for short wavelength automated perimetry and standard automated perimetry. Visual fields were considered outside normal limits if two glaucoma hemifield test zones were below the normal fifth percentile or one glaucoma hemifield test zone was below the normal first percentile. RESULTS: Baseline prevalence of short wavelength automated perimetry and standard automated perimetry deficits were 9.4% and 1.4%, respectively. During the study, incident rates of field loss were 6.2% (1.23% per year) for short wavelength automated perimetry and 5.9% (1.18% per year) for standard automated perimetry. Once abnormal, 80% of short wavelength automated perimetry fields remained abnormal on the next examination, whereas only 45% of abnormal standard automated perimetry fields remained abnormal. New short wavelength automated perimetry deficits in ocular hypertensives were more prominent and more persistent than new standard automated perimetry deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that short wavelength automated perimetry deficits occur before standard automated perimetry deficits in glaucoma. The similar incidence rates suggest that both standard automated perimetry and short wavelength automated perimetry are monitoring the same underlying glaucomatous disease process.