Shifts In Gut Research Articles

Effect of combined probiotics and doxycycline therapy on the gut-skin axis in rosacea.

This research elucidates rosacea management with novel insights into probiotic use alongside doxycycline, showing dual benefits in symptom relief and inflammation reduction in patients. The study maps probiotic-induced shifts in gut and skin microbiota, underscoring microbial shifts correlating with skin health improvements. Crucially, it deciphers the gut-skin axis modulation by probiotics, proposing a method to curb antibiotic resistance in rosacea therapies. This study furnishes robust evidence for probiotics in rosacea, advancing our grasp of the gut-skin relationship.

Prebiotic diet changes neural correlates of food decision-making in overweight adults: a randomised controlled within-subject cross-over trial

ObjectiveAnimal studies suggest that prebiotic, plant-derived nutrients could improve homoeostatic and hedonic brain functions through improvements in microbiome–gut–brain communication. However, little is known if these results are applicable to humans....

Shifts in gut and vaginal microbiomes are associated with cancer recurrence time in women with ovarian cancer

Many studies investigating the human microbiome-cancer interface have focused on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal cancers. Outside of human papillomavirus driving cervical cancer, little is known about the relationship between the vaginal microbiome and other gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer. In this retrospective study, we investigated the relationship between ovarian cancer, platinum-free interval (PFI) length, and vaginal and gut microbiomes. We observed that Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal communities were less common in women with ovarian cancer, as compared to existing datasets of similarly aged women without cancer. Primary platinum-resistance (PPR) disease is strongly associated with survivability under one year, and we found over one-third of patients with PPR (PFI < 6 months, n = 17) to have a vaginal microbiome dominated by Escherichia (>20% relative abundance), while only one platinum super-sensitive (PFI > 24 months, n = 23) patient had an Escherichia-dominated microbiome. Additionally, L. iners was associated with little, or no, gross residual disease, while other Lactobacillus species were dominant in women with >1 cm gross residual disease. In the gut microbiome, we found patients with PPR disease to have lower phylogenetic diversity than platinum-sensitive patients. The trends we observe in women with ovarian cancer and PPR disease, such as the absence of Lactobacillus and presence of Escherichia in the vaginal microbiome as well as low gut microbiome phylogenetic diversity have all been linked to other diseases and/or pro-inflammatory states, including bacterial vaginosis and autoimmune disorders. Future prospective studies are necessary to explore the translational potential and underlying mechanisms driving these associations.

Benchmark taxonomic classification of chicken gut bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene profiling in correlation with various feeding strategies

Taxonomic characterization of bacterial 16S rRNA gene has become an accepted norm for inference of complex microbial communities and ecological shifts in gut. Recently, 16S rRNA gene sequences has emerged as a taxonomic marker to investigate crosstalk between gut bacteria and host via variations in feed. Here, broiler chickens (n = 240) were subjected to dietary modulation approach to substitute antibiotics with natural plant-derived products. Five experimental groups were control, antibiotic growth promoter, organic acids, phytogenic feed additives and combination (organic acids + phytogenic feed additives). Bacterial DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA gene was amplified through polymerase chain reaction using universal primers followed by observation through gel electrophoresis and then, confirmation by direct DNA sequencing. The sequence data was analyzed for homology search, multiple sequence alignment, and construction of phylogenetic clades using software BLASTn, CLUSTAL W and MEGA 7.0. respectively. Based on the phenetic relationship, bacterial phylotypes from organic acid and phytogenic feed additive groups belongs to Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in both cecum and ileum. The bacterial isolate obtained from antibiotic feeding group characterized as Escherichia coli. Furthermore, sequences of probiotic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) were retrieved from online repositories (GenBank and RDP) and aligned with indigenously isolated strains of this study. Comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence similarities (99%) of Enterococcus faecalis KIBGE AB-6 and Enterococcus faecalis KIBGE AB5 with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, and Enterococcus faecalis DD28 respectively. Hence, under the appropriate conditions of current investigation, these bacterial strains might serve as potential candidates for probiotics in animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Pakistan depicting taxonomic classification of chicken gut bacterial diversity from cecal and ileal samples linked with dietary modulation.

Seasonal Shifts in Gut Microbiota‐Mediated Nitrogen Recycling in 13‐Lined Ground Squirrels

Hibernation is a complex phenotype that enables animals to fast for several months during periods of food scarcity. During this time, less of the hibernator's protein is degraded than would be predicted and, in the 13‐lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), muscle volume and protein synthesis rise near the end of the hibernation season despite continued fasting and loss of body mass. With no exogenous nitrogen intake, one nitrogen source to support protein synthesis in late winter could be from urea nitrogen salvage (UNS), a nitrogen recycling process mediated by the ureolytic activity of the hibernator's gut microbiota. We hypothesized that the contribution of UNS to skeletal muscle growth in 13‐lined ground squirrels increases over the hibernation season, and tested this by comparing UNS processes in summer, early hibernation (1 month), and late hibernation (&gt;3 months) squirrels. Data collected thus far suggest that expression of the urea transporter (UT‐B) in cecal tissue is 3‐fold greater in late winter than in summer squirrels (P&lt;0.001; n=12 per group), indicating a greater capacity for transport of urea into the cecum during winter fasting. Real‐time measurement of microbial ureolytic activity using cavity ring‐down spectrometry on squirrels I.P.‐injected with 13C,15N‐labeled urea confirmed the bacterial origin of UNS, because δ13C in breath is substantially reduced in antibiotic‐depleted microbiotas. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry showed that tissues of squirrels treated with 13C,15N‐urea accumulated up to 200x more 15N as saline‐treated control squirrels, confirming that urea‐derived nitrogen is recycled and incorporated into host tissues. Together, these results corroborate UNS in active and hibernating 13‐lined ground squirrels and suggest that this mechanism for nitrogen recycling is a key aspect of the host‐microbe symbiosis in hibernating mammals that helps prepare the squirrels for spring emergence.Support or Funding InformationThis work is supported by NSF award IOS1558044This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

The Diet and Gut Microbial Communities of Two Closely Related Combtooth Blennies,Chasmodes saburraeandScartella cristata

The digestive tracts of fishes contain a diverse set of gut associated microbiota known to contribute to many functions of the fishes' biology. Furthermore, it has been suggested that divergence in diets between two species is also associated with shifts in gut associated microbiota. Herein, we describe and compare the diet and gastrointestinal microbiota of two closely related combtooth blennies, Scartella cristata and Chasmodes saburrae (family Blenniidae) from Florida, USA. The diets of the two species were significantly different; C. saburrae consumed benthic or epiphytic crustaceans, while S. cristata consumed plants and detritus. Similarly, the gastrointestinal microbiota were significantly different between the two species. Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant class identified in all samples, regardless of species, but S. cristata had higher relative abundances of Vibrionaceae, Methylococcaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae than did C. saburrae. These findings suggest that closely related species wit...