Group Of Shift Workers Research Articles

The prevalence of excessive sleepiness is higher in shift workers than in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common feature among shift workers as well as in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. There are several important accidents related to sleep disturbances causing EDS. The aim of this study was to evaluate EDS in a group of shift workers (regular rotating) from civil aviation and to compare them with OSA patients (n=300) and with a group of regular workers (RW) (n=140). Our sample was composed of 730 working-age individuals (aged 18-67years). The regular rotating shift workers (SW) sample was composed of 290 aeronautical mechanics. EDS was evaluated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and defined as a score≥11. The prevalence value obtained for the EDS of RW was 37.1%, for SW it was 60.7% and for OSA patients it was 40.7%. A logistic regression model for EDS in a subsample composed of men and matched for age and BMI, controlling for self-reported sleep duration, showed an increased risk of EDS for SW (OR=3.91, p=.001), with the RW group as reference. OSA patients did not differ from RW on EDS levels. This study emphasizes the presence of EDS in a shift work group of civil aviation professionals, which exceeded the EDS level of a positive control group of OSA patients. Sleep hygiene education for companies' workers and management is important and mitigation strategies should be implemented to reduce excessive sleepiness among workers.

Night Shift Work-A Risk Factor for Breast Cancer.

Shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems. This study aimed to determine whether night shift work is a significant factor for breast cancer risk. The case–control study was conducted from 2015–2019 in the Łódź region. The case group included 494 women diagnosed with malignant breast cancer; the control group included 515 healthy women. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire. In the case group, the percentage of women working shift work was 51.9%, whereas in the control group, it was 34.1% (OR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.61; 2.69)). A more insightful examination of shift work showed that only night work has a significant impact on breast cancer (OR = 2.61 (95% CI: 1.94; 3.53)). Even after considering the effect of other possible cancer factors (like high BMI, smoking, early menstruation, late menopause, pregnancy history, age, place of living, education), the odds of developing cancer were twice as high in the group of shift workers (OR = 2.20 (95% CI: 1.57; 3.08)). Considering a significantly higher risk of cancer among people working at night and a high percentage of such employees in Poland, the government should consider special action in the prophylactic treatment of cancers.

The effects of exposure to night shift work on liver function: A cross-sectional study with emphasis of alkaline phosphatase enzyme

ABSTRACTBackground: Previous studies have demonstrated that shift work can be significantly associated with adverse effects on liver function. However, the association between shift work and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme as a well-known biomarker of liver disease has been undefined. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 6,475 eligible oil refinery workers. According to shift work schedules, the participants divided to the following groups: 12-hr rotating night (n = 2,630) and 12-hr fixed day (n = 3845). The Spearman’s correlation and logistic regression were applied to assess the association between shift work and ALP. Results: We found significantly higher levels of ALP in 12-hr rotating night compared to 12-hr fixed-day shift work groups (196.2 ± 52.1 versus 191.5 ± 53.4). According to quartile (Q) logistic regression adjusted by significant variables between study group (age, body mass index, fasting blood sugar, and total cholesterol), the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of high (Q2–<Q3 versus <Q1) and severe (≥Q3 versus <Q1) levels of ALP in 12-hr rotating night group in comparison to 12-hr fixed-day group were estimated as 1.26 (1.08–1.45) and 1.26 (1.09–1.45), respectively. Conclusions: This study indicated that 12-hr rotating night shift work may be associated with higher levels of ALP. More studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Evaluation of the risk of metabolic syndrome among shift workers in Tunisia.

Shift work is a source of health problems for workers around the world. The metabolic syndrome is one of the pathologies that can occur because of this work pattern. Investigate possible association between shift work and the development risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS). A cross-sectional study was conducted among male gender agents of company of electricity production in the Center of Tunisia. This population was divided into two groups according to the organization of their work: a group of shift workers and a group of non-shift workers. Data collection was based on a questionnaire, a clinical examination and a biological assessment. The definition of International Diabetes Federation 2005 (IDF) was adopted to retain the diagnosis of the MS. A total of 263 agents responded to our invitation with a participation rate of 65.5%. The shift workers group accounted for 48.3% of the participants and the fixed workers group accounted for 51.7% of the participants. The diagnosis of MS was retained in 51.2% of shift workers and 27.2% of non-posted workers, with a statistically significant difference (p <10-3). This association persisted after adjusting for the confounding variables with an OR of 2.64 [1.38-5.04]. Our study underlined a higher risk of MS development among shift workers. These findings highlight the importance of taking specific preventive measures. This prevention is based not only on hygieno-dietetic measures and regular physical activity, but also the improvement of working conditions.

Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia: a nationwide population-based study in Korea

Reduced sleep quality is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. However, the potential effects of disturbing the regular circadian rhythm, as occurs with shift work, on the risk of sarcopenia have not been established. Data from 9105 workers from the 2008–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Sarcopenia, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was defined as one standard deviation below the mean of the appendicular skeletal muscle/body mass index value of a young reference group. Compared to the group that had never experienced shift work, the odds ratio (OR) for sarcopenia with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the shift work group was 1.7 (1.5–1.9); the association remained even after adjusting for confounding variables, including age, sex, total fat mass, insulin resistance profile, smoking, alcohol intake, diet, and physical activity. The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the highest risk of sarcopenia was among workers engaging in shift work with an irregular schedule (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.4). Disruption of circadian rhythm by shift work was associated with increased risk of sarcopenia. Intervention strategies are needed to prevent sarcopenia in shift workers.

A hard day\u2019s night: time use in shift workers

BackgroundDifferences in how shift workers accumulate physical activity (PA) while at work and in leisure time, on days when they are working at night, during the day, or on non-work days, are largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of physical activity patterns in two groups of shift workers, and to measure variations according to their shift schedules.MethodsThis pragmatic pilot study was conducted in two workplaces. Employees in Workplace 1 (n = 10) were required to drive for most of their shift. Workplace 2 was a manufacturing company where most of the employees’ (n = 30) occupational tasks were completed while standing. Use of time was assessed using the adult version of the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (MARCA) administered by telephone interview. Three MARCA interviews were conducted with each participant, in order to capture a typical profile of a day-shift day, a night-shift day and a non-work day, using a two-day recall for each interview. Participants were asked to wear the activPAL3™ activity monitor, for 7 consecutive days. Paired and independent t-tests were used to compute significant differences between day-shift, night-shift and non-work days within and between workplaces.ResultsThe total number of days quantified for the MARCA data was 192 days (64 day-shift, 60 night-shift and 68 non-work days). Workplace 2 participants reported more physical activity and less sedentary behaviour on day-shift and night shift days than on non-work days. Time spent in sedentary behaviour was similar on day-shift, night-shift and non-work days in Workplace 1. Workplace 1 participants were more sedentary (p = 0.003) and engaged in more light intensity PA (p = 0.031) on day-shift and night-shift workdays, than those from Workplace 2. Sleep times were lowest on day-shift days.ConclusionAs the occupational tasks for participants in Workplace 2 involved physical activities, the findings do not support the conventional view that shift workers are more sedentary than those who only work during the day. Rather occupational tasks appear to be a more important determinant of physical activity patterns both on work and non-work days than varying shift patterns.

Sleep Assessment During Shift Work in Korean Firefighters: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundThis cross-sectional study assessed the sleep quality using the ActiGraph and investigated the relationship between the parameters of sleep assessment and the type of shift work in Korean firefighters.MethodsThe participants were 359 firefighters: 65 day workers (control group) and 294 shift workers (shift work group: 77 firefighters with 3-day shift, 72 firefighters with 6-day shift, 65 firefighters with 9-day shift, and 80 firefighters with 21-day shift). Sleep assessments were performed using the ActiGraph (wGT3X-BT) for 24 hours during day shift (control and shift work group) and night shift and rest day (shift work group). The participants recorded bed time and sleep hours during the measurement period.ResultsSleep efficiency, total sleep time, and percentage of wake after sleep onset during night work were lower in the shift work group than control group (p < 0.05). Sleep efficiency decreased in night shift and increased in rest day, whereas wake after sleep onset increased in night shift and decreased in rest day (p < 0.05). Among shift work groups, sleep efficiency of 6-day shift was higher in day shift, and sleep efficiency of 21-day shift was lower in night shift than other shift groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionWe found that the sleep quality in night shift of the shift work group was poorer than the control group. As to the type of shift work, sleep quality was good in 6-day shift and poor in 21-day shift. Thus, fast rotating shift such as 6-day shift may be recommended to improve the sleep quality of the firefighters.

The effect of shift work on high sensitivity C-reactive protein level among female workers.

BackgroundThis study assessed the association between shift work and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), in female workers in electronics manufacturing services (EMS).MethodsFemale EMS workers who received special medical examinations for workers in Gyeongnam, Korea between January 2017 and December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Their age, marital status, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, regular exercise, quality of sleep, work stress, and depression were investigated, and blood tests were conducted. The t- and χ2 tests were conducted to compare the general and biochemical characteristics between daytime and shift worker groups. Age-adjusted partial correlation analysis was performed to examine the linear relationship between hs-CRP level and other risk factors for CVDs. In addition, the difference in hs-CRP levels according to work schedule was analyzed by ANCOVA after adjusting for variables that could affect the hs-CRP level.ResultsAlthough the average hs-CRP levels did not differ significantly between daytime and shift workers (0.92 ± 1.87 and 1.07 ± 2.20 mg/dL, respectively), shift workers tended to show a higher hs-CRP level (p = 0.067). After adjusting for variables that can affect the hs-CRP level, the estimated average hs-CRP level was significantly higher in shift workers (1.325 ± 0.156 mg/dL) than that in daytime workers (0.652 ± 0.350 mg/dL) (p = 0.003).ConclusionsThe results of this study identified a relationship between shift work and hs-CRP level increase in women. Because multiple studies have reported associations between increased hs-CRP and CVD, follow-up of hs-CRP may help early detection of CVD in shift workers.

Using the Analytic Network Process Method for Prioritizing and Weighing Shift Work Disorders Among the Personnel of Hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

Introduction:Increasing population, the need for services, and industrialization of societies have led to a growing demand for shift work. Shiftwork causes several disorders, and determining the weight of each disorders is important for their prevention and treatment. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to use Analytic Network Process (ANP) to prioritize and weigh shift work disorders among the personnel of hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.Methods:This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017 among 300 shift work personnel of 10 public hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences. ANP was used to prioritize and weigh shift work disorders. To this end, the criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives were initially identified. Then, shift work disorders were categorized into 7 general criteria, 20 sub-criteria, and 3 alternatives. After designing the ANP and determining the effect of each criterion on the sub-criteria, the ANP questionnaire was developed and administered among the shift work personnel, who filled it out based on ANP. Super Decisions was subsequently used to weigh and prioritize shift work disorders.Results:The results indicated that shift work disorders among the nurses included sleep disorders (0.297), psychological disorders (0.275), digestive disorders (0.137), personal life disorders (0.122), etc., in that order of weighing. With respect to the support staff, the major shift work disorders involved sleep disorders (0.252), digestive disorders (0.198), personal life disorders (0.168), and psychological disorders (0.164). Considering security personnel, the top four shift work disorders were sleep disorders (0.201), digestive disorders (0.186), psychological disorders (0.174), and personal life disorders (0.145).Conclusion:According to the findings, sleep disorders had the highest weight in the three studied groups. Moreover, the night shift had the most profound effect on shift work disorders among the personnel in the three groups. It was followed by the evening shift. Morning shift had the lowest influence on shift work disorders. Therefore, the schedules should be taken to prevent these complications in the shift workers. It is suggested that work shift complications be included in the periodic examination program and, in case of discovery of any rhythmic disorder in each shift workers, the person should not remain in the shiftwork group for some time.

The Differential Effects of Regular Shift Work and Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Sleepiness, Mood and Neurocognitive Function.

To assess whether poor sleep quality experienced by regular shift workers and individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects neurobehavioral function similarly, or whether the different etiologies have distinct patterns of impairment. Thirty-seven shift workers (> 24 hours after their last shift), 36 untreated patients with OSA, and 39 healthy controls underwent assessment of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), mood (Beck Depression Index, State Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI], Profile of Mood States), vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task [PVT], Oxford Sleep Resistance Test [OSLER], driving simulation), neurocognitive function (Logical Memory, Trails Making Task, Digit Span Task, Victoria Stroop Test) and polysomnography. Sleepiness (ESS score; median, interquartile range) did not differ between the OSA (10.5, 6.3-14) and shift work (7, 5-11.5) groups, but both had significantly elevated scores relative to the control group (5, 3-6). State anxiety (STAI-S) was the only mood variable that differed significantly between the OSA (35, 29-43) and shift work (30, 24-33.5) groups, however both demonstrated several mood deficits relative to the control group. The shift work and control groups performed similarly on neurobehavioral tasks (simulated driving, PVT, OSLER and neurocognitive tests), whereas the OSA group performed worse. On the PVT, lapses were significantly greater for the OSA group (3, 2-6) than both the shift work (2, 0-3.5) and control (1, 0-4) groups. Shift workers and patients with OSA had similar sleepiness and mood deficits relative to healthy individuals. However, only the patients with OSA showed deficits on vigilance and neurocognitive function relative to healthy individuals. These findings suggest that distinct causes of sleep disturbance likely result in different patterns of neurobehavioral dysfunction.

The Relationship Between Frequency of Injuries and Workplace Environment in Korea: Focus on Shift Work and Workplace Environmental Factors.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shift work on occupational safety in various industrial sectors. The study analyzes the effects of shift work on the health of workers by considering factors such as the workplace environment and welfare.MethodsFocusing on the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey, this study used an ordinary least-square multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable was the annual frequency of injuries reported by workers. Independent variables were categorized as demographic, shift work, workplace environment, and welfare variables. The analysis was conducted on two levels: 1) Shift work and nonshift work groups were compared, and 2) Shift work was compared with fixed and rotating shifts.ResultsFor the entire group, age, a low level of education, work hours, and daily and dispatch work negatively impacted the frequency of injuries. Shift work was negatively affected by workplace environment and welfare factors. In the shift group, the frequency of injuries was lower than that of regular workers, and the higher the autonomy in the choice of work hours, the lower the frequency of injuries. Furthermore, shift workers in Korea have more extended work hours (49.25 h/week) than other workers (46.34 h/week).ConclusionOverall, welfare factors such as workplace satisfaction and work–life balance reduced the frequency of injuries. The effect of shift work was limited, but it was confirmed that shift worker autonomy could reduce the frequency of injuries.

Differential Impact of Sleep Duration on Fasting Plasma Glucose Level According to Work Timing

To quantify the differential contribution of sleep duration on fasting plasma glucose level by traditional regular daytime work and shift work in subjects without diabetes. Self-reported sleep duration and work type and timing were determined in a cross-sectional sample of 9123 participants aged 20-65years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2015. Those who responded that they worked between 6 am and 6 pm were classified as "traditional regular daytime workers; "those who worked in the afternoon, at night, or in several typesof shift work were classified as "shift workers." FBG was compared between short (<6h), "normal" (6-8), and long (>8h) sleep duration groups according to work time. In the traditional daytime workers group, mean FBG level showed a U-shaped trend according to sleep duration (p=0.027), whereas in shift workers group, FBG level was significantly decreased across sleep duration (p=0.001). In the regular daytime workers group, short sleep duration was associated with higher FBG (B, 95% [CI]: 1.33 [0.26-2.4]), whereas after adjustment for potential confounding variables, long sleep duration significantly increased the risk of higher FBG (2.01 [0.35-3.68]). On the other hand, the reverse was true in the shift workers. Long sleep duration was significantly associated with lower FBG by both unadjusted analysis and after multivariable adjustment (-3.79 [-5.97 to -1.62], -2.19 [-4.35 to -0.03], respectively). Our results suggest that the impact of sleep duration on FBG level differs according to work shift.

GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS AMONG SHIFT WORK NURSES AT A GOVERNMENTAL HOSPITAL, ZAGAZIG CITY.

Introduction: Disruption of biological rhythms as a result of shift work has been associated with gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, diarrhea or constipation. Aim of work: To determine the magnitude of gastrointestinal disorders and its possible risk factors among shift work nurses. Materials and methods: a cross sectional study was conducted among (163) nurses at Al-Ahrar hospital, the studied nurses was classified into shift work (112) and non-shift work (day workers) (51) groups. Data collection: a questionnaire composed of 2 parts; a) Part one: includes socio-demographic and work characteristics data; b) Part two: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire. Results: the prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders among shift work nurses was (72.3%) compared to (52.9%) of non-shift work group with statistically significant differences. Reflux syndrome was a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder among shift work group that reported by (50%) of them compared to15.7% of non-shift work group. Also indigestion syndrome was higher among shift work group than non-shift group (30.4% and 15.7%) with statisticallysignificant differences. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) score was 0.73±0.33 in shift work group, compared with a mean score of 0.59±0.42 among nonshift work group with statistically significant differences (p<0.02). Consumption of coffee and tea more than 3 cups per day and non-fixed shifts per month increase the risk of gastrointestinal tract disorders among shift-work nurses (OR= 3.34 and 2.69 respectively). Conclusion: Participation in shift work, especially rotating and non-fixed shifts is associated with the development of gastrointestinal disorders. It isrecommended that fixed shifts per month decrease the risk of developing GIT disorders.

Abstract P202: The Metabolic Syndrome and Shift Work Among firefighters in South Korea

Background/Aim: Multiple risk factors including dysipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia which cluster together are termed the metabolic syndrome. It means managing the metabolic syndrome is crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies found that CVD is the common disease and the leading cause of on-duty death among firefighters. Although importance of understanding to investigate risk factors that causes CVD among firefighter has been emphasized, research about it is still behind. Thus, to understand risk factor of CVD among firefighters, this study was examined an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work among firefighters. Methods: A total of 257 men firefighters were included from Firefighter Research Enhancement of Safety &amp; Heath (FRESH) cohort in Korea. No history of CV related disease including hypertension and diabetes were selected. Weight circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. SBP and DBP were measured three times at interval of five minutes in resting and average of the three of SBP and DBP was used in this analysis. Fasting hyperglycaemia, Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were analysed from blood sample collected from the participants. Metabolic syndrome, using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, was defined. The information of shift works, smoking and alcohol consumption were self-reported from the participants and divided into three; no shift work, 24 hour shift work and 2 or 3 shifts works. To analysis the association between metabolic syndrome and shift works, logistic model was used, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking and alcohol. Results: 26 (10.1%) participants out of 257 were metabolic syndrome in the participants group. The unadjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by shift works is 8.2% in no shift work group, 7.1% in 24 hour shift work group and 15.9% in 2 or 3 shifts work group. Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI for 24 hours shift work was 1.51 [0.35 6.45] and 4.77 [1.08 20.9] for 3 shifts works. Conclusions: There is an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work in Korea firefighters, which implies shift work might be associated with CVD.

The impact of shift and night work on health related quality of life of working women: findings from the Korea Health Panel.

BackgroundNight and shift work status has been associated with health related quality of life (HRQoL) in economically active women. This study aimed to investigate the association between night or shift work status and HRQoL of economically active women and to further analyze how marital status interplays in the objected relationship.MethodsData were from the Korea Health Panel, 2011 to 2013. A total of 2238 working women were included for analysis. Work status was categorized into day work, night work, and rotating shift work and its association with HRQoL, measured using the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) index, was investigated using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) model.ResultsCompared to the day work reference group, the night work group (β: −0.9757, P = 0.0202) and the rotating shift work group (β: −0.7947, P = 0.0363) showed decreases in EQ-5D scores. This trend was maintained regardless of marital status, although decreases in health related quality of life were particularly pronounced among night shift workers with a spouse.ConclusionNight and rotating shift work status was associated with HRQoL of economically active women as individuals working night and rotating shifts showed decreases in EQ-5D scores compared to individuals working day shifts. The findings of this study signify the importance of monitoring the HRQoL status of women working night and rotating shifts as these individuals may be comparatively vulnerable to reduced HRQoL.

Relationship between Shift Work and Depression in Male Workers in a Car Production Plant

Background: Worldwide, many studies have reported that shift work increases mental and physical problems more than non-shift work does. However, studies on the relationship between shift work and depression in South Korea are scarce. This study intended to investigate the relationship between shift work and depression in South Korea. Methods: A total of 418 males working in a car production plant from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 and who underwent a comprehensive health screening in a clinic in Ulsan University Hospital were enrolled. The Korean Version of the Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI) was administered and a score higher than 16 points was considered as the cutoff for depression. The relationship between shift work and depression was analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. Results: The total depression rate was 11.7% (shift work, 15.4%; non-shift work, 7.8%). The shift-work group showed higher depression rates compared with the non-shift work group after adjusting for confounders (age, education level, monthly income, smoking) (odds ratio=2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–4.82). Conclusion: From the results of this study, we concluded that the depression rate for shift workers was higher than for non-shift workers. These results could be effectively used in the medical field, as well as in the industry, to prevent shift-work related depression.

Oxidative stress and insulin resistance in policemen working shifts.

Shift work is a work schedule involving irregular or unusual hours, compared to those of a normal daytime work schedule. In developed countries, night shift work is very common. In several cities of our country, 12/24 shift system is implemented in police organization. While night shift work composes half of the 20 shift in a month, in ergonomic shift system, an alternative shift schedule, shift work can be performed in three shifts in a day. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of 12/24 shift work system on insulin resistance and oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Two hundred and four 12/24 shift workers (age 44.3 ± 5.6 years) and 193 ergonomic shift workers (age 42.6 ± 5.5 years) were included to study. Serum oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), neutrophil gelatinase lipocalin-2 (NGAL) as oxidative stress markers, glucose, insulin, ferritin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated to evaluate insulin resistance. Serum ox-LDL, HOMA-IR, hsCRP and NGAL levels in 12/24 shift system were found to be significantly higher compared with ergonomic shift workers (p < 0.0001, p = 0.02, p = 0.03, p = 0.02, respectively). When evaluated all subjects, weak but significant correlation was found between HOMA-IR with ox-LDL (r = 0.12, p = 0.01), hsCRP (r = 0.17, p = 0.001) and ferritin (r = 0.15, r = 0.003). Also in 12/24 shift work group, there were significant correlations between HOMA-IR with hsCRP (r = 0.17, p = 0.01) and ferritin (r = 0.25, p = 0.0001). It may be concluded that 12/24 shift system might give rise to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Additionally, workers in this system may under risk of systemic inflammatory response. Working hours must be arranged in accordance with the physiological rhythm.

Food and nutrient intake among workers with different shift systems

ObjectivesOver 20% of employees in Europe work in shifts. Shift work increases the risk for chronic diseases, but a healthy lifestyle may attenuate the adverse effect of shift work. The...

Associations among physical condition, life hour, and dietary intake male Japanese shift workers: physical condition and lifestyle survey of male Japanese shift workers

The purpose of this study was to understand the actual state of life hours (working time, sleep time, and time of meal intake) and dietary habits of male shift work employees, and to elucidate the impact of working arrangements and dietary habits on their physical condition and health problems. The subjects were 187 male employees (aged 18-64 years) working for an industrial company in Toyama prefecture. We used a self-administered questionnaire to assess dietary habit, lifestyle habits, and life hours at the time of a periodic health examination in April 2013. The subjects were grouped based on their working condition (i.e., day shift, late shift, and late-night shift) into two groups of day shift (n = 107) and shiftwork (n = 80). The proportion of time spent sleeping and feeding was determined in half hour increments, and the incidences of skipping meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and midnight snack intake were calculated for each working condition. We also examined the association between the frequency of eating and physical condition for each working condition. The state of life hours of the shiftwork group during the day was similar to that of the day shift group. However, the workers' state of life hours, incidences of skipping meals, and midnight snack intake varied considerably when working at the other shift times. In the shiftwork group, regardless of the working patterns, the BMI and % body fat of the group that ate more than three times a day were significantly lower than those of the group that ate less than twice a day. The results of the present study suggest that it is difficult to ensure the time and opportunity for meals for shift workers. We consider that it is necessary to prevent them skipping of meals, and to support a proper dietary intake during the night.

소방공무원들의 직무만족과 이직의도에 관한 연구

Purpose : This study was attempted to check the correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention and to provide the basic information to increase job satisfaction of fire fighters. Methods : A total of 369 questionnaires were distributed and 354 quest ionnaires were filled out and collected for analysis.Results : There was difference in turnover intention by general charac teristics. According to position, group of Fire lieutenant or more is lower than that of Fire sergeant or less (F=3.61, p=.014). The group of rescue & emergency service and administration was sign ificantly lower than other groups(F=4.84, p=.001). In pattern of duties, day service group was significant ly lower than shift work group in .05 level(t=2.59, p=.022).Finally, in the correlation, the more job satisfaction increase, the more turnover intention decrease that represents inverse correlation between job satisfaction an d turnover intention(r=-.523, p<.001). Namely, it represents the results that the higher job satisfact ion is low turnover intention.Conclusion : More studies of fire officer in other cities are required to generalize the results. We have to develop program for job satisfaction for fire officer firstl y, because program for job satisfaction used in this study was not developed for fire fighters.Key words : Emergency service, Fire officer, Job satisfaction, Turnover intention 투고일: 2013년 10월 31일 심사완료일: 2013년 11월 15일 게재확정일: 2013년 12월 17 일*Corresponding Author : Hong-Seok Baek Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Daejeon University, 96-3, Yongun-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 300-716, Republic of KoreaTel: +82-42-280-2942 Fax: +82-42-280-2946 E-mail: hsbaek@dj u.kr