Bangabandhu Research Articles

Charisma, populism, and the formation of national identity: Sheikh Mujib and Bengali nationalism

AbstractIdentity formation is a complex process and has been discussed by post‐structuralist discourse theorist Ernesto Laclau. This paper focuses on Laclau's proposed ideas on the means of identity production and populism and studies the popular independence movement for Bangladesh under that rubric. It locates charismatic leadership as a necessary condition for populism and identifies Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the charismat suturing the various chains of equivalence that rose to become the populist movement that resulted in the nation's struggle for independence in 1971. This paper also looks at the transformational leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and acknowledges it as a necessary condition for the patterns of identity creation in East Bengal in the late 1960s.

A Comparison of Dissection Method and Diathermy Cauterization Tonsillectomies

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed by otolaryngologists. It is a surgical operationthat removes both Palatine tonsils from the tonsillar fossa. It is typically performed in youngsters for recurrent tonsillitis andtonsillar hypertrophy. Objective: To compared the dissection and diathermy methods of tonsillectomy and evaluate their advantages anddisadvantages during surgery and convalescence. Methods: This is was a retrospective analysis of 400 patients from January 2015 to January 2020 of otorhinolaryngologydepartment in Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Collage Hospital. Out of total 400 patients 200 patients underwenttonsillectomy by dissection method and rest 200 patients underwent electro cautery method. Data were generated through recordreview using a checklist. A total of 400 patients were analyzed in respect of operation methods, operation time, and amount ofblood loss, post operative complications, duration of hospital stay in addition to age & sex distribution separately for comparison. Results: The overall hospital stayinng in both types was 1-3 days. The average intra operative blood loss was 5-7 ml withcautery and average 50 ml with dissection method. The average operative time was 25-30 minutes with dissection method and10-15 minutes with cautery. We found higher amounts of blood loss and intra - operative time with dissection method thanelectrocautery. The Chance of Secondary haemorrhage was more in electro - cautery method than dissection method. Pain,Scar formation, odynophagia were more in cauterization method. Complete healing time was more in cauterization methodthan dissection method. There was no death in both methods.Conclusion: Although per- operative blood loss, operative time were less in cauterization method but post operative bleeding,pain, odynophagia and infection were more in electro cauterization method. In both methods, there were some advantages andsome disadvantages.

The Contested Concept of Secularism and Bangladesh

Abstract There are different ways in which scholars comprehend secularism. According to some scholars, secularism is the phenomenon in which religion is fully separated from the state and plays no part in the public domain. Others are of the view that, while secularism denotes separation between religion and state, there should be little involvement of religion in the public domain because it is a vital part of the lives of individuals. This Article aims to discuss the various interpretations of secularism, create a classification of secularism models, and examine how secularism is considered in Bangladesh. For this purpose, this Article analyzes statements given by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (known as the Father of the Nation and the leader of the Bangladesh Awami League) to identify the secularism model followed in Bangladesh. Sheikh Mujib and his political party, the Awami League, did not explicitly use the word “secularism” until the independence war in 1971. However, secularist ideals were emphasized by the party. After independence, the Constitution of Bangladesh was adopted in 1972 and secularism was included in the Constitution. In Bangladesh, secularism is understood as the antithesis of communalism. Anti-communalism in Bangladesh does not refer to anti-religion; rather, it eliminates conflict between the various subnational communities and describes politics by giving equal status to individuals in a unified national community. President Ziaur Rahman removed the secularism principle from the Constitution in 1977 through the Fifth Amendment. Islam was declared as the state religion in 1988 during the rule of President Hussain Muhammad Ershad through the Eighth Amendment. In 2011, the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted during the tenure of Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League as Sheikh Hasina saw the necessity for following an established religion model, while making sure that sufficient rights were also awarded to religious minorities. Adopting Islam as the state religion is considered by the Awami League as a means of satisfying the Muslim majority and peacefully coexisting with religious groups such as Hefazat-e-Islam. This Article argues that the Awami League’s stance implies the practice of modus vivendi, which, in contemporary terms, signifies a means of living together for the population, in spite of their contradictory features, which emerge mostly because of difference in opinions, interests, religions, ethnicities, or beliefs. Through the practice of modus vivendi, these differences are recognized and facilitated. The meaning of secularism (and the issue of whether the state should be committed to secularism) is deeply contested in Bangladesh, making the country an interesting case study.

Towards the Epic Story of Bangladesh

The second volume of Rehman Sobhan’s memoirs, Untranquil Recollections From Dawn to Darkness Political Economy of Nation Building in Post- Liberation Bangladesh (Sobhan, 2022), deals primarily with the years 1972- 1975, which comprise probably the most difficult period of the nation’s history. Titanic battles were fought during this period over the country's policy direction. Over a short period of about 3.5 years, the epochal triumph of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ended in a tragedy, which was captured by the title of S. A. Karim’s book, Sheikh Mujib: Triumph and Tragedy (Karim, 2009). The second volume of Sobhan’s memoirs, dealing with this period, thus, deserves special attention. The memoir begins with Sobhan’s return to liberated Bangladesh and ends with his going to exile (at the end of December 1975) after the coup of August 15 changed the political landscape of the country altogether. The heart of the story lies in the narration of his experience

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: A Magnetic and Excellent Statesman in Bangladesh

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: A Magnetic and Excellent Statesman in Bangladesh

Determination of Nutrient Accumulation Pattern of New Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Influenced by Different Applied Fertilizers and Plant Spacing

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during boro season of 2015-2016 to determine the response of rice crop (BU Dhan 2) to different plant densities under different fertilizer levels. The variety was grown with three fertilizer levels viz. recommended (57-10-8-7-0.9 kg NPKSZn ha-1), 50% higher (114-20- 16-14-1.8 kg NPKSZn ha-1) and 50% lower (28.5-5-4-3.5-0.45 kg NPKSZn ha-1) than recommended level and three plant spacing (20 cm x 25 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm and 20 cm x 15 cm) representing wider, standard and closer plant densities. Nutrient uptake of the variety was higher at higher level of fertilizer and closer plant spacing. The highest grain yield 5.18 t ha-1 of the variety was associated with the highest nutrient uptake under higher dose of fertilizer at closer plant spacing. This treatment combination also showed the highest nitrogen (86.53 kg ha-1), phosphorus (9.85 kg ha-1), potassium (103.9 kg ha-1), sulphur (12.27 kg ha-1) and zinc uptake (265.76 g ha-1) of the variety, although nutrient use efficiency was higher at lower fertilizer level under wider plant density.
 The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 31-41

The Magical Leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

The Magical Leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

STUDY OF THE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOME SELECTED OKRA GENOTYPES

10Mar 2020 STUDY OF THE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOME SELECTED OKRA GENOTYPES A.T.M. Hamim Ashraf , M. Mizanur Rahman , M. Mofazzal Hossain and Umakanta Sarker Upazila Agriculture Officer, Fulbari, Dinajpur, Department of Agriculture Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of the peoples republic of Bangladesh. Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Evaluation of Renal Tumour by Ultrasound and CT Scan- A comparative analysis

Purposes: To compare the efficacy of ultrasound and CT scan in renal tumour evaluation and to establish by subsequent histopathology. Introduction : Renal cell carcinoma accounts for about 3 % of all adult neoplasms. In detecting, characterizing and staging of renal tumours cross-sectional imagings are essential. Methods: In this study 36 cases were selected nonrandomly irrespective of age and sex according to selection criteria. The study was conducted from June 2006 to May 2007 in Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and other Hospitals in Dhaka City in the department of urology on a quasi- experimental basis. After counselling and taking consent all patients were evaluated clinically and by ultrasound and CT scan. All patients underwent surgery followed by histopathology. All informations were collected in a predesigned data collection sheet. Data were analyzed by computer software program-SPSS version 12 and by manual technique. Comparison and correlation between Ultrasonogram and CT findings were done by Chi-square test. Level of significance was expressed as P-value. Results: Among 36 patients 21 were male and 15 female with a ratio of 1.4:1, age ranging from 3 to 73 years. In this study (from the data) 94.44%, 33.33%, 89.74% and 100%, 66.66% 97.43% respectively. And there was no statistical significance between these two imaging findings in renal tumour evaluation and P- Value was > 0.10 so it was not Significant. Conclusion : Ultrasonogram and CT Scan are near equivalent to each other evaluation of renal tumour. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 14, No. 2, July 2011 p.55-57

SEJARAH LAHIRNYA NEGARA BANGLADESH

<p><em>Due to many differences such as language, dress and way of life with West Pakistan, there was a desire to separate and break relations with Pakistan, so that from some of these factors, the determination of the people of East Pakistan to separate from West Pakistan. After East Pakistan officially separated from West Pakistan, the name of East Pakistan changed to Bangladesh, which had thousands of Dakka cities. Through hard and persistent efforts, East Pakistan gained its independence from West Pakistan, namely the official founding of the state of Bangladesh. The independence and founding of the Bangladesh State is inseparable from the struggle of Bangladeshi figures, including Sheikh Mujiburrahman, who later became an important figure in the history of Bangladeshi independence figures.</em></p>

FOUNDATION OF RELIGIOUS LIBERALISM IN BANGLADESH: CONTRIBUTION OF BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN AND AWAMI LEAGUE

The Father of the Nation Bangabandu[1] Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) is the great architect and the immortal morphologist of a new map of independent Bangladesh. During his rule, he took various steps for the welfare of the country and the nation. He took realistic and effective measures to propagate Islam because of the economic, social and physical infrastructural measures in it, keeping in mind the religious sentiments and values of the people of the Muslim majority in Bangladesh. The outstanding contribution he has made to spread Islam, the promotion and establishment of Islamic values ​​during his reign has become a rare example in the contemporary Muslim world. He was always trying to make Bangladesh a country of peace for all people of all religions. He is not only a great architect of an independent sovereign state but also, he is the architect of spreading Islam under government-sponsored Bangladesh. Especially by establishing the Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, he provided a solid institutional basis for the spread of Islam. He gave greater importance to all citizens who have equal rights regardless of religion and have been an assurance of all religions, which serves as a protector against intolerance when drafting the constitution of Bangladesh. However, the research tries to highlight how Bangabandhu contributed to reducing the religious hatred and extremism, fanaticism, and fundamentalism and establishing peaceful co-existence of various cultures and religions among the people of Bangladesh. Therefore, the result of my study shows how the role of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his Awami league is establishing or has contributed in establishing status equality, love, promote religious cohesion, tolerance, and brotherhood among the masses and taught people to respect each other's religion, emotions, and practices in Bangladesh.

Activities of institutional quality assurance cell of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

No abstract

Perspectives on India-Bangladesh Water Dispute: The Farakka Barrage

The holy waters of Ganga have proved despair rather than a hope in relations between India and Bangladesh. It was after the initial differences in regard to the construction of Farakka barrage between India and Pakistan that the former had taken almost a unilateral decision to construct a barrage, in particular, to save the port of Calcutta from excess silting. Years after the independence of Bangladesh commissioning of the barrage took place and that was the starting point of a series of bilateral negotiations/agreements to determine the share of water that each side was to receive during the lean season of every year. In the start Indo-Bangladesh relations was marked as honeymoon phase of their relationship with no differing perceptions in sight. However it all took a ‘U’ turn when Sheikh Mujib was assassinated in August 1975 and a series of coup reigned in Bangladesh one after another. At a later stage the sharing of waters at Farakka had become more a matter of politics than of economy as the change over suited the military Generals of Bangladesh, who, apart from all, faced the problem of legitimacy. Difference of social, political, economic and religious bases in India and Bangladesh has added fuel to the fire and the waters of Farakka was paraded before the world community as the most blatant example of India’s “intransigence” against a weak and small neighbour. In between the relationship of love and hate the two had signed three agreements on the sharing of Ganga Waters at Farakka respectively in 1975, 1977 and 1996. The paper aims to examine the different aspects of the two sides and mutual understanding thereupon. The study is beneficial for the countries of the region and outside to keep the fight between bordering neighbours away and help promote regional / global peace in the larger interest of humanity.

Deer Population Growth in the Bangabandhu Safari Park in Bangladesh

Abstract Not Available
 Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(1): 125-127, June 2017

Author’s Emotional Attachment with the “Father of the Nation” – Banggabandhu – Sheikh MujiburRahman.

Bangladesh and its people were blessed with God‟s will of sending the Greatest Bengali Soul of all time on the soil of Tungipara. That greatest soul was nobody else but it is our “Father of the Nation” – Bangabandhu - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He gave us a Nation, he gave us a Free Country, he gave us a Language, he gave us a dream of transforming Bangladesh as the Switzerland of Asia and in fact he gave us everything that we can all be proud of. The author is very lucky that he began schooling at Gimadanga Tungipara (GT) High School. It is also the same institution where Bangabandhu began his schooling as well. His magic touch on author‟s head, hair & chest, his love & affection, and his kind words of advice changed author‟s life forever. Those were author‟s inspiration to overcome all hurdles of life, became one of the best student of the country that culminated with the prestigious Commonwealth Scholarships to pursue PhD program at University of London (UCL) of University of London. He was a philosopher beyond any measuring scale who has always delivered his philosophy on to the dais and he never used a script in his hand during his deliverance. Whatever he said at every gathering came out from his heart and that deliverance became a master piece. His world famous deliverance on 7thof March 1971 at Ramna Race Course Moidan (Park) which author witnessed physically is recognized by the UNas one of the best deliverance in the entire world and has achieved it. Bangladesh is the only nation whose people have sacrificed their life to protect their language again that was lead by Bangabandhu. The historic 21st February is now officially declared by UN as the international language day. But the Black sheep, Bangabandhu‟s longterm companion, the traitor, Mr. Khondaker Mostaq Ahmed has boasted publicly that he and his team killed Bangabandhu. After the killing Mustaq promoted and rewarded his team members. The team systematically began to wipe out pro-independence ideology and decreed by law that Bangabandu‟s name can‟t be mentioned and uttered in any media in any form so that the coming generation forget Bangabandhu altogether. Author believes our honorable Prime Minister must have got concrete proof by now who were behind the 21 August, 2004, grenade attack and who master minded Bangabandhu‟s killing who are still at large. Time has come to expose them in front of the nation and the entire world. The greatest achievement of H E Sheikh Hasina is the completion of the trial of Bangabandhu Killers and War Criminals. With her rock solid determination and visionary economic management the country is building “Padma Bridge” with its own resources. H E Sheikh Hasina has many other gifts yet to deliver to the nation all she needs is a little bit more time.

Author’s Emotional Attachment with the “Father of the Nation” – Banggabandhu – Sheikh MujiburRahman

Author’s Emotional Attachment with the “Father of the Nation” – Banggabandhu – Sheikh MujiburRahman

FIRST REPORT OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE ON CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS IN BANGLADESH

Annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus), also known as Madagascar periwinkle, is native to the island of Madagascar, and now common in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including Bangladesh (Chevallier, 1996). It has long been cultivated for herbal medicine and as an ornamental plant. Symptoms of stem canker and leaf blight developed on C. roseus in a landscape planting at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh, in June, 2014. To identify the pathogen, infected leaves were placed in water for 48 h, then the mycelia were transferred onto corn meal agar plates. Mycelial growth was patchy and irregular, coenocytic and tufted with an arachnoid branching habit, consistent with descriptions of Phytophthora nicotianae. The pathogen was also cultured on PARP medium (Ferguson and Jeffers, 1999) and V8 agar medium and pure cultures were established. Mycelial blocks (6 mm in diameter) were placed in sterile water for 3 days, then at 5 C for 15 min in the dark to stimulate production of sporangia and zoospores. Molecular identification was done by amplifying the ITS region of nuclear rDNA using ITS 4 and ITS 6 primer pairs. BLAST search revealed that the isolate had 100% identity with P. nicotianae (GenBank accession No. KT175508.1). The nucleotide sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession No. KU244700. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating Catharanthus leaves, previously wounded by pricking with a sterile needle, with 50 μl and 100 μl aliquots of zoospores. Foliar symptoms consistent with blight observed in the field developed on all the inoculated leaves after 72 h. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by re-isolating the pathogen from the lesions on the inoculated leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular identification of P. nicotianae on Catharanthus in Bangladesh.

Short Term Outcome of Urethroplasty with or without Urethral Stent: A Comparative Study

Urethroplasty is the surgery for Hypospadias. The most common complication of Hypospadias surgery is urethro-cutaneous (U-C) fistula. We designed this study to compare the short term outcome of Urethroplasty with or without urethral stent postoperatively. A total 30 patients of distal penile hypospadias except glnular variety have been studied prospectively in Pediatric Surgery Department of Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka for a period of 20 months, from March 2005 to October 2006. All patients were divided into Group-A (pt with stent) and Group- B (pts without stent). Age ranges of all patients were 2-12 years. After operation no patient developed urinary retention in stented group (Group-A) and 3 patients developed urinary retention which was managed by suprapubic puncture. 5 patients developed urethra-cutaneous fistula in stented group (Group- A) and 2 patients developed fistula in non stented group (Group-B). Calibration was done in all patients after 2 weeks of operation. Before calibration 2 patients came to us with narrow urinary stream of Group-B. After analyzing the result, it was concluded that the short term outcome of Urethroplasty without postoperative urethral stent is better than with stent specially in terms of Urethro-cutaneous fistula. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v24i1.14110 Medicine TODAY Vol.24(1) 2012 pp.23-26

In vitro screening of fungicides and antagonists against Sclerotium rolfsii

A study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of Plant Pathology Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during 2010 to 2011 to control Sclerotium rolfsii with fungicides and Trichoderma harzianum. Six fungicides namely Provax-200, Bavistin, Ridomil, Dithane M-45, Rovral 50 WP and Tilt were screened at 100, 200 and 400 ppm concentration for their efficacy against the radial colony growth of S. rolfsii. The complete inhibition was obtained with Provax-200 at all the selected concentrations. Complete inhibition also obtained at the highest concentration of Tilt. The highest concentration of Rovral 50WP inhibits 93.88% radial growth and significantly superior to Dithane M-45 at the highest concentration. Bavistin and Ridomil were found to be significantly lower when used against the test pathogen. A total of 20 T. harzianum isolates collected from rhizosphere and rhizoplane of different crops were screened against S. rolfsii following dual plate culture technique. The screened isolates of Trichoderma showed significantly variable antagonism ranging from 65.01 to 83.06% reduction of radial growth of S. rolfsii. Among the screened antagonists, the isolate TH-18 of T. harzianum showed the highest (83.06%) inhibition of radial growth of S. rolfsii. Key words: Sclerotium rolfsii, Trichoderma harzianum, fungicides, antagonist.

TB and HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh

Tuberculosis (TB) is the major opportunistic infection of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to exemplify and review the findings associated with TB in patients with AIDS. 80 TB/AIDS-focused articles from latest internet and literature, including 3 leading Bangladesh daily newspapers between 1999-2009 were analyzed. According to the data provided by a Bangladesh Sheikh Mujib University, the number of detected people living with HIV/AIDS reached 204 as of December 2002. Most of them died of TB indicating the relationship between AIDS and TB. Measures needed in the future, if TB and HIV/AIDS are to be eliminated in Bangladesh. Tuberculosis (TB) is at least as old as human kind, one of the world's deadliest diseases and the history of the disorder is intertwined inevitably with the history of civilization. Break down in health services, the spread of HIV/AIDS and the emergence of multi drug resistant TB causing organisms are contributing to the worsening impact of this disease. Physicians say TB is one of the major syndromes of HIV infection. About 74,000 Bangladeshi people go abroad for jobs every year, which might be the sources of spreading HIV/AIDS, when they come back to the country. It has been known for some time that TB and AIDS are bedfellows. But as the government and civil society still seem impervious to this state of affairs, when the pandemic hits our shores. The AIDS program in Bangladesh and possibly others elsewhere, could consider adapting this experience, to support NGOs serving communities at highest risk towards greater funding for and co-ordination of the national NGO response. Given the link between TB and AIDS, such TB program could also work more closely with AIDS program to absorb some of the HIV surveillance responsibilities of the AIDS program, integrate clinical training and build in cross-referral systems. TB and AIDS target the marginalized; we should all be able to visualize the scale of the problem we would face. If TB and HIV/AIDS are not taken seriously soon, it will ravage our society. Key words: TB and HIV/AIDS, governmental policy and research.