Neck Shaft Research Articles

Study on lubrication characteristics of multi-layer structure hinge under the influence of clearance dynamic

This paper presents a methodology for investigating the lubrication characteristics of multi-layer structural mechanical hinges based on clearance dynamics. By multi-layer hinged structures, we mean the four mediums: the journal, lubricating oil film, bearing sleeve, and connecting rod. Initially, a dynamic model that incorporates clearance is established using the automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems, revealing that the primary contact area is located between 50° and 70°. Subsequently, a lubrication model for the multi-layer structural mechanical hinge is constructed using ANSYS FLUENT software, which demonstrates the effects of critical parameters—such as contact angle, sleeve installation angle, inlet pressure, and shaft neck speed—on lubricant flow, pressure, and void fraction. The findings indicate that the motion offset angle significantly influences the pressure distribution within the oil film area, with high-pressure and low-pressure zones oriented counterclockwise and clockwise, respectively, relative to the offset angle axis. Furthermore, as the distance between the offset angle and the oil inlet increases, the volume fraction of cavitation decreases from 1.77% to 1.16%. When the sleeve installation angle aligns with the motion offset, the volume fraction of cavitation reaches 1.9%. Conversely, when the assembly angle aligns the oil inlet hole with the injection hole, the volume fraction of cavitation is minimized to 0.36%, resulting in an approximate performance improvement of 81.11%. This study provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing the lubrication design of multi-layer structural mechanical hinges and offers substantial guidance for the lubrication of mechanical hinges.

Functional and Radiological Outcomes of Surgically Treated Coxa-vara in Children.

Coxa vara is a condition in which the neck-shaft angle of the femur decreases below its normal value (<110 degrees) based on age. The deformity can be primarily caused by a congenital defect of the femoral neck cartilage or by secondary causes related to skeletal dysplasia, trauma, infection, and pathological bone disorders. The surgical treatment aims to restore the normal anatomy, thereby improving the mechanics and function of the hip joint. Generally, the HE angles should be corrected to <35 to 40 degrees, converting the shear forces into compressive forces. Our study aims to report the surgical outcome of coxa vara with various pathologies using radiographic measurement and functional scoring. Thirty-eight hips in 28 patients who underwent surgery for treatment of coxa-vara from 2013 to 2022 were included. Radiographic parameters like Hilgenreiner-epiphyseal angle and neck-shaft angle were assessed preoperatively and at the latest follow-up. Harris hip score was used for functional outcome. The mean age was 11.13 (5 to 18). The average follow-up was 48 (ranging from 24 to 96) months. The mean preoperative neck-shaft angle was 82 degrees, and the Hilgenreiner-epiphyseal angle was 71 degrees. At the latest follow-up, the mean neck-shaft angle was 127 degrees, and the Hilgenreiner-epiphyseal angle was 33 ( P <0.001). The Harris hip score improved from 63 preoperatively to 92 at the latest follow-up ( P <0.001). There was no recurrence of deformities at the mean follow-up of 37.87 months. Four complications occurred with k-wire fixation in whom revalgus osteotomy was done. Surgical correction of coxa vara in various pathologies can be done successfully with the Hilgenreiner-epiphyseal angle corrected to ≤ 35 degrees or the neck shaft angle corrected to >110 degrees to prevent deformity recurrence. The majority of the patients reported improvement in hip function. However, a longer-term follow-up is required to determine further outcomes regarding the recurrence of the deformity.

Исследование износостойких покрытий, нанесенных на образцы из конструкционной стали, применяемой для изготовления валов валопровода судов на подводных крыльях

Effective interaction of structural elements and materials from which they are made is one of the most important tasks in the design of parts and mechanisms of ship power plants. The operating experience of Meteor-type vessels has shown that the main cause of propeller shaft breakage and failure may be non-compliance with the technical requirements for the chemical-thermal processing of the shaft necks to the bearings size or poor-quality superficial coating. There has been made a comparative analysis of coating technologies, its results will significantly increase the cyclic wear resistance of the surface layer of the shaft necks of the hydrofoil ship shafting. The technologies of gas-plasma and gas-dynamic spraying, as well as electrospark alloying of the surface are considered. An instrumental assessment of the parameters of the applied protective coating quality is performed. Alloying materials for each of the methods of the surface hardening and modification are also presented. The scheme and design of the stand for testing the applied coatings for cyclic fatigue strength up to the moment of critical failure are given. The coatings deposited on the samples surfaces are studied to assess the surface microgeometry and microhardness. The samples are tested on the stand with a cyclic load at an induction motor shaft speed of 1800 rpm (30 rps). A bearing ball made of steel is used as an indenter. After testing, the focus of the coating destruction is assessed visually using a measuring and computing complex based on an optical microscope. As a result of the tests, it is revealed that the samples processed by the electrospark alloying method have the highest resistance to alternating cyclic effects, the lowest surface roughness and the highest microhardness.

Статистические данные о прогибах коленчатого вала судового дизеля

The results of the study of crankshafts that have received a deflection during operation are presented. The reasons for the appearance of the curvature of the longitudinal axis and the consequences to which this defect may lead are considered. According to the analysis of statistical data obtained from enterprises engaged in engine repair, an increase in defects of residual deformation of deflections was noted. The necessity of collecting and systematizing cases of curvature of the longitudinal axis above the permissible value is determined. The conditions for preparing shafts for defecation have been clarified. Attention is drawn to the need to take into account the results of previous measurements and the total operating time of the engine when laying the shaft approved for further operation. The object of the study is the crankshaft of the diesel engine 6 CHN 31.8/33, used in water transport as the main marine engine. Measurements of the radial runout of twenty shafts that received deflection were made. The dependence of the measurement error on the radius of the shaft neck is established. A histogram of the frequency distribution of deflections of the crankshaft frame necks depending on the repair size number is constructed and the dependence of the deflection frequency on the repair size number is illustrated. The maximum deflection of the crankshaft of 4.10 mm with an allowable deflection of 0.03 mm is fixed. The values of deflections of diesel shafts are analyzed, their dependence on the number of the repair size and the number of the frame neck on which the deflection occurred. The frequency and significant increase in the magnitude of the deflection arrow on the fourth frame neck were noted. The necessity of using the obtained statistical data on deflections for the scientific substantiation of the technology of correction of diesel krancshafts is determined.

МЕТОД РАСЧЕТА ПАРАМЕТРОВ СЕЧЕНИЯ СРЕЗАЕМЫХ СЛОЕВ ФРЕЗОЙ-ПРОТЯЖКОЙ ПРИ ОБРАБОТКЕ ШЕЕК ЭКСЦЕНТРИКОВЫХ ВАЛОВ

The study objective is to increase the efficiency of machining eccentric shaft necks using a special tool such as a broaching cutter, where up cutting is used for machining and the rotational speeds of the shaft and the broaching cutter coincide and the tool has a feed parallel to the workpiece axis. &#x0D; The task to which the paper is devoted is the development of a method for calculating the geometric parameters of the layers cut by the teeth of the broaching cutter during the stock removal when machining eccentric shaft necks.&#x0D; The research is carried out using the geo-metric theory of cutting tools design and computer modeling methods. &#x0D; The novelty of the work is in the development of a method for calculating the geometric parameters of the layers cut by the teeth of the broaching cutter during the stock removal based on the construction, study and consideration of the features of spatial interference of the cutting surfaces formed by the cutting edges of the tool when machining eccentric shaft necks. &#x0D; As a result of the study, it is found that at not high values of the cross-feed of the tool (&lt;10 mm/min), the area of the longitudinal section of the cut layer does not change significantly for different teeth of the cutter.&#x0D; Conclusions: the developed method for calculating the geometric parameters of the cut layers allows to evaluate and study the the stock removal with a broaching cutter when machining eccentric shaft necks in accordance with the method proposed by the authors.

THE WEAR OF THE OMR 100 GEROLLER HYDRAULIC MOTOR PARTS

Sauer Danfoss produces a large range of hydraulic equipment, which is installed on tractors, agricultural and construction equipment of Russian and foreign manufacturers. The hydraulic motor is one of the most frequently encountered components of hydraulic systems of machines. (Research purpose) The research purpose is assessing the technical condition of worn rollers, housing, shaft, sprocket and holder of the Danfoss OMR 100 roller hydraulic motor; to conduct micrometer studies of parts. (Materials and methods) Measurements were carried out using smooth digital micrometers of the SHAN brand with a division price of one micrometer, an ICH-type clock indicator, an electronic lever-type nutrometer of the QLR Research Center with a division price of one micrometer. All parts were degreased before measurement. The working surface of the rollers and sprockets was studied using a magnifier LI-3 10x GOST 25706-83. Measurements were carried out in two perpendicular directions and in several sections. (Results and discussion) It was found that the average wear on the side is: roller - 6 micrometers; seat under the roller - 2; the wear of the shaft hole in the housing is 2.5; the wear of the shaft necks is 1.5; the end surfaces of the sprocket and rollers are 5.5 micrometers. (Conclusions) The working surfaces of the rollers and sprockets have the greatest wear. The values of the average wear of these parts suggest that the method of electric spark treatment will be appropriate to restore worn surfaces. This method guarantees the production of a coating of small thickness with good tribotechnical properties under conditions of waterjet wear.

Changing the back angle of the broach cutter when machining eccentric shafts

To increase the efficiency of processing eccentric shaft necks, a method has been proposed, the essence of which is to use milling cutters when basing it along the shaft axis. It is assumed that the direction of rotation and the rotation frequency of the shaft and the broach cutter coincide, and the shaping of the eccentric shaft neck will be performed in one turn of the tool. When implementing this processing method, the key task is to create a tool, for which it is necessary to perform a set of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at developing methods for assigning its geometric characteristics and processing modes. Formulas of the initial tool surface, cutting edges, front and back surfaces of the cutter teeth are obtained. The result of modeling the installation of the plane of the front surface for one tooth and for all the cutting teeth of the cutter is shown. Using the developed software, a study was carried out of the changes in: the rear angle during milling at different values of the transverse feed Sm; the rear angle from the longitudinal feed at different values of the rotational speeds of the shaft and the milling cutter. The conducted research allowed us to establish that the teeth of the milling cutter work in various conditions. The application of the developed software will allow to determine the values of the static rear angles on the milling cutter ensuring their change within the contact with the allowance in the specified ordinates of the range.

Improvement of tribological properties of bearings by laser processing of cast-iron shafts of heavy-duty diesel engines

The article discusses the tribological properties of plain bearing materials in heavy-duty diesel engines with a cast-iron crankshaft. The effectiveness of the influence of laser hardening of shaft necks on the tribological properties of main and connecting rod bearings in comparison with nitriding is substantiated. Simulation comparative tribological tests have been carried out on a laboratory friction machine on samples of materials of an insert made of bronze Br-30 and a shaft made of high-strength cast iron with nodular graphite under conditions of sliding friction with lubrication after laser treatment hardening and nitriding. The influence of hardening treatments of the shaft necks on the antifriction properties and wear resistance of friction couples materials is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the scuff resistance of friction couples. The assumption of a higher efficiency of laser hardening in comparison with nitriding based on the tribological properties of friction surfaces is substantiated. Based on the study, it is recommended to use laser hardening of the crankshaft necks to increase the service life of heavy-duty low-speed diesel engines.

Effect of the composition of multicomponent powders on the mechanical and tribotechnical properties of coatings obtained by laser additive technologies

The paper presents the results of metallographic studies and tribotechnical tests of samples of medium-carbon steel 34KhNi3MoA and coatings obtained by laser surfacing of a powder multicomponent charge based on iron and cobalt in a ratio of 3:1 with additives of nano particles of tantalum carbide. The samples were processed with a circular defocused beam and with transverse beam oscillations normal to the scanning speed. Comparative tests for friction and wear were carried out in a pair with a hardened 40Kh steel counterplate. The load and sliding speed during the tests varied discretely. Turbine oil TP 22C was used as a lubricant. It is shown that the introduction of additives of nano-tantalum carbide into the charge reduces friction losses, increases the wear resistance of coatings compared to the charge without carbides and the base material. The wear resistance of coatings with an increase in the amount of the hardening phase increases compared to the original steel. It has been established that the technology of laser surfacing with multicomponent coatings with nano particles of tantalum carbide can be used to restore worn surfaces of shaft necks, turbine blades, thrust discs, shut-off valves and other parts operating at high temperatures and in corrosive environments.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ШЕЙКИ ОСИ АКТИВНОГО КОЛЕСА ЛОКОМОТИВА

The study objective is to examine new methods of restoring the axis neck of the locomotive driving wheel. To achieve the goal, the task was set and solved to reduce hydrogen concentration in the axis during its manufacture and repair by means of appropriate technology. To fulfill this task, the following research methods are carried out, that is vacuum thermal exposure, wear determination, diffuse siliconization, definition of hydrogen concentration. The scientific novelty of the work is in the fact that the proposed technology consists in restoring the axis of a locomotive wheelset, contributing to an increase in the axis durability by means of preliminary diffusion siliconization. Conclusions: the proposed technology of restoration and repair does not change the critical static properties of the axis, while increasing the wear resistance of the shaft neck and reducing the release of diffusion-active hydrogen.

Comparing two different automatic methods to measure femoral neck-shaft angle based on PointNet++ network

Accurate measurement of the femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) is of great significance for diagnosing hip joint diseases and preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty. However, the repeatability of manual measurements is not as satisfactory, and the difference between 2D and 3D measurements is not clear. The computer-aided method provides a platform for automatic and accurate measurement of the NSA. The femoral point cloud datasets from 310 subjects were segmented into three regions, including the femoral head, femoral neck, and femoral shaft using PointNet++. We created a projection plane to simulate the hip anteroposterior radiograph and fitted the femoral neck axis and femoral shaft axis to complete the 2D measurement, while we directly fitted the two axes in space to complete the 3D measurement. Also, we conducted the manual measurement of the NSA. We verified the accuracy of the segmentation and compared the results of the two automatic and manual methods. The Dice coefficient of femoral segmentation reached 0.9746, and MIoU of that was 0.9165. No significant difference was found between any two of the three methods. While comparing the 2D and 3D methods, the average accuracy was 98.00%, and the average error was 2.58°. This paper proposed two accurate and automatic methods to measure the NSA based on a 2D plane and a 3D model respectively. Although the femoral neck and femoral shaft axes did not intersect in 3D space, the NSAs obtained by 2D and 3D methods were basically consistent.

A STUDY OF NECK-SHAFT ANGLE IN MARDAN REGION KPK PAKISTAN

Background: The lengthy shaft axis and the femoral neck combine to generate the neck-shaft angle. It helps withhip joint mobility and contributes to hip stability. Understanding this angulation helps anthropologists not just indetermining a person’s sex but also in the diagnosis and treatment of hip fractures.Objectives: The current study’s goals were to enlighten the elderly Pakistani-KPK population about the morphometric feature of the proximal femur (neck-shaft angle), compare it bilaterally and in both sexes and compare it withfindings from another study.Study design: A Observational, cross-sectional study analyzing proximal femur neck-shaft angles in KPK.Duration and place of study: This study was conducted May to October 2014 in Mardan, KPK,Methods: This investigation was carried out from May to October 2014 at the radiology department of the MardanMedical Complex Hospital in Mardan.Results: Of the ninety-one cases, the mean age was 58.24 (6.49), with 55 (60.4%) male and 36 (39.5%) female.The right and left sides of the female population’s mean neck-shaft angles were considerably greater than the malepopulation’s (p=0.009 and p=0.05, respectively). Overall, the population mean left neck-shaft angle was greater thanthe right side (p=0.05).Conclusion: The current study finds that the neck-shaft angle considerably differed from other populations and variedwith gender and side in both male and female Pakistani-KPK population members.Keywords: Neck Shaft Angle, Proximal femur, Morphometry

Recovering a Reducing-Gear Shaft Neck by Reinforced-Bush Adhesion

Recovering a Reducing-Gear Shaft Neck by Reinforced-Bush Adhesion

Расчетно-экспериментальная методика определения предотказного состояния сложнонагруженных подшипников скольжения

The article deals with the types of wear and failures of journal bearings. Based on the physics of failures, a method for determining the pre-failure state of plain bearings is proposed, including: determination of the limiting clearance in the bearing; determination of the limit value of oil viscosity; determination of the limiting value of the ovality of the shaft neck and liners; determination of the maximum area of chipping of the surface of the liners; determination of the limit value of the concentration of active abrasive particles in the lubricant. The solution of these problems is based on the calculation of the determination of the hydromechanical characteristics (HMC) of bearings using the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication, the determination of the zones of contact interaction between the elements of the rolling stock, the duration of the boundary lubrication regime, the amount of wear on the surfaces of the sleeve and the shaft neck. Calculation studies were carried out on the example of calculating the dynamics of the connecting rod bearing of the crankshaft of a heat engine. In particular, it is shown that with a diametrical clearance in the connecting rod bearing of 90–120 μm, the duration of the boundary regime of lubrication is more than 25%, which is the limiting value. Reducing the oil viscosity (measured at 100 С) below 9.5 mPa∙s is unacceptable, as it leads to an increase in the duration of the boundary lubrication regime by up to 42%. For the same reasons, the ellipticity of the liners more than 5 microns is unacceptable. A mass concentration of active abrasive particles in the oil of more than 0.1% leads to a sharp increase in the maximum wear rate of the bearing, and this concentration should be considered the limit in terms of its pre-failure state. The technique allows at the early stages of designing machines, which include hydrodynamic plain bearings, to determine the criteria for their pre-failure state.

Clinical and Biomechanical Effects of Femoral Neck Buttress Plate used for Vertical Femoral Neck Fractures

PurposeTo investigate both the biomechanical and clinical effect of an inferomedial femoral neck buttress plate (FNBP) used to augment a sliding hip screw (SHS) and anti-rotational screw (ARS) in the treatment of traumatic vertical femoral neck fractures. MethodsPart 1: Clinical - Retrospective review of patients under age 65 treated with open reduction of a vertical femoral neck fracture. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 patients (18 patients) had SHS/ARS fixation augmented with a FNBP, while Group 2 patients (18 patients) had SHS/ARS fixation alone and were matched for age and sex. Demographic data, OTA fracture classification, immediate post-operative and follow-up radiographs were analyzed for quality of reduction, femoral neck shortening (FNS), neck-shaft angle (NSA), avascular necrosis (AVN) and union.Part 2: Biomechanical - Pauwels III femoral neck osteotomy was created in five pairs of cadaveric specimens, then each fracture was reduced and stabilized with a SHS/ARS construct. Specimens were matched and split into Groups 1 and 2, similar to Part 1. Cadaveric specimens were axially loaded in cyclical fashion to analyze for construct stiffness, fracture displacement femoral neck shortening and changes in the neck shaft angle. ResultsPart 1: There were 18 matched patients (14 males and 4 females) in both Group 1 and Group 2. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to Pauwels angle, femoral neck shortening, changes in neck-shaft angle, AVN or nonunion. One reoperation in Group 1 and four in Group 2.Part 2: All five cadaveric specimens in both groups survived the 10,000-cycle loading regimen. We were unable to detect any significant differences between the two groups with respect to construct stiffness, change in neck-shaft angle or amount of femoral neck shortening. ConclusionBased on the results of both clinical case series and biomechanical testing, an inferomedial neck buttress plate does not appear to offer long-term benefits with respect to maintenance of alignment or achieving union but may potentially help in obtaining the reduction.

Assessment of Femoral Neck-shaft Angle on Plain X-rays and its Clinical Implications

Background: Femoral neck-shaft angle is an important parameter for evaluating the biomechanics of the hip joint. It plays a pivotal role in surgeries for developmental dysplasia of the hip, neuromuscular disorders of the lower limb, proximal femoral fractures, Total Hip Arthroplasty, Perthes disease etc., It is also considered to hold an extensive bearing while designing orthopaedic implants.&#x0D; Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the femoral neck-shaft angle of proximal femur on plain radiographs of our local population&#x0D; Study Design: Retrospective study&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Saveetha medical college hospital, a tertiary care institute in Chennai. 50 pelvic X-rays of patients aged between 30 to 70 who presented to the outpatient or emergency care department were used in the study. Using a goniometer the femoral neck shaft angle was measured in the plain X - ray.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of the population in our study was 47.12. And the mean femoral neck shaft was 132.6 in males and 124.9 in females.

Референтні показники структурного аналізу стегнової кістки в жінок української популяції

Актуальність. На сьогодні комплексна оцінка стану кісткової тканини та ризику остеопоротичних переломів передбачає спільне використання показників мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини (МЩКТ), 10-річної ймовірності основних остеопоротичних переломів (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool, FRAX), показника трабекулярної кістки (Trabecular Bone Score, TBS) і параметрів структурного аналізу стегнової кістки (Hip Structural Analysis, HSA). Останніми роками створено референтні показники для осіб української популяції щодо трьох вищезазначених методик, проте дані щодо останньої методики відсутні. Мета дослідження: вивчити вікові особливості параметрів структурного аналізу стегнової кістки в жінок української популяції та запропонувати їх референтні показники для використання в практичній охороні здоров’я. Матеріали та методи. За допомогою методики двохенергетичної рентгенівської абсорбціометрії обстежено 690 умовно здорових жінок віком 20–89 років без остеопорозу, інших клінічно значущих захворювань та станів, що впливають на метаболізм кісткової тканини, без супутньої патології кульшового суглоба тощо. Результати. Результати проведеного дослідження продемонстрували вірогідний вплив віку на показники FSI, CSMI, CSA, d1, d2, d3, y, α і HAL, проте не на показник θ. Встановлено вірогідне зменшення з віком показника FSI на тлі вірогідного зростання параметрів CSMI, CSA та HAL. Показники зросту та маси тіла були вірогідно пов’язані з параметрами CSMI, CSA і HAL. Показник міцності стегнової кістки (FSI) був вірогідно пов’язаний з масою тіла, проте не зі зростом. Крім того, він вірогідно корелював з показником МЩКТ, виміряним на рівні шийки стегнової кістки і меншою мірою на рівні всієї стегнової кістки та поперекового відділу хребта. Показник довжини осі стегнової кістки (HAL) вірогідно не корелював з жодним вимірюваним показником МЩКТ, що підтверджує його незалежну роль у прогнозуванні ризику переломів стегнової кістки. Висновки. Отримані нормативні показники структурного аналізу стегнової кістки в здорових жінок української популяції можуть бути використані для комплексної оцінки стану кісткової тканини та ризику переломів стегнової кістки.

RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE TURBIN KAPLAN SKALA PLTMH

PLTMH is a type of generator that utilizes water resources for its workings. Utilization ofwater resources is still minimally carried out by the community, especially by students ofElectrical Engineering at Udayana University because it must be implemented directly on alarge enough river flow so that it is difficult to study. So, in this study, a prototype modeling ofMHP using a Kaplan turbine was designed which is useful for the learning process before beingimplemented directly in the river. The Kaplan turbine prototype is designed with a head of 2 m,an input pipe of 2xdimxand a discharge of 12 L/s, has a total of 30 guide blades,xwith an openingangle of 30o, with a lengthxofx0.05 meters, a widthxof 0.045 meters, an inside diameterxofx0.33metersxandxan outerxdiameterxofx0.42 meters. Thisxprototype has a total of 5 driving blades,withxanxouter diameterxofx0.16xmeters, a shaft neck diameterxof 0.06 meters, xaxrunner widthofx0.05 meters. The resultsxofxthe Kaplan turbine prototype test are able to produce axpowerxof3.64xwatts, a torquexofx0.231xNm, andxanxefficiencyxof 1.54%.

Functional and radiological outcome of Ipsilateral neck with shaft of femur fracture

Background: The incidence of ipsilateral neck of femur with shaft of femur fracture was around 1-9%.The diagnosis of femoral neck fractures are frequently missed during initial assessment due to more focus of femoral shaft fractures. There are hardly any literature regarding outcomes of ipsilateral neck and femur shaft fractures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome and complications following management of Ipsilateral neck and shaft of femur fracture by various fixation methods. Materials and Method: This is a prospective study done at Sri Ramachandra Medical College between April 2015 to Dec. 2018 in Department of Orthopaedics. The Inclusion Criteria were patients above eighteen years having ipsilateral neck with shaft of femur fracture. The exclusion criteria were Isolated shaft or neck of femur fracture and patients who lost followup and open fractures. We had fifteen patient who had full follow up. The minimum follow up was taken as one year. Patients age group were between 24 years to 58 years with an average of 40 years. All the patients were followed by Modification of wilde et al Neer scoring system for outcome. Results: We had excellent results in five patients, seven patients had good and 3 patients had fair results. There was no poor result in any of our cases. In our study 67% of the cases had no complications. The Average time of union of the fracture was 25 weeks. All the fractures were united in our study. Conclusion: We were able to obtain satisfactory results with minimum complication rate. We were able to achieve excellent results in terms of neck union and shaft union. In Ipsilateral neck and shaft fractures, most neck of femur fractures are undisplaced or minimally displaced. Keywords: Neck of femur, Shaft femur, Ipsilateral, Nonunion, Fracture.

Effects of Hip Structure Analysis Variables on Hip Fracture: A Propensity Score Matching Study.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the hip structural analysis (HSA) levels of patients with those of a hip fracture group. All patients with an initial hip fracture who were older than or equal to 65 years old and admitted to our hospital between March 2018 and January 2019 were eligible for this study. During the study period, 134 hip fracture patients aged 65 years and older were admitted to the study institution, and a total of 51 hip fracture patients were ultimately assigned to the patient group. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and vitamin D were matched in the two groups (hip fracture (HF) group vs. non-hip fracture group) using propensity score matching (PSM) without any statistical differences. Following propensity score matching, 51 patients in the HF group and 51 patients in the non-HF group were included in the study, respectively. Hip axis length (p = 0.031), neck-shaft angle (p = 0.043), width of intertrochanter (p = 0.005), and femur shaft (p = 0.01) were found to be significantly higher in the HF group (107.31 (mean) ± 9.55 (standard deviation, SD), 131.11 ± 5.29, 5.57 ± 0.58, and 3.05 ± 0.23, respectively) than in the non-HF group (102.07 ± 14.15, 128.85 ± 5.81, 5.29 ± 0.38, and 2.92 ± 0.23, respectively). However, cross-sectional area (CSA) of femur neck (p = 0.005) and femur shaft (p = 0.01) as well as cortical thickness (CT) of femur neck (p = 0.031) and femur shaft (p = 0.031) were found to be significantly lower in the HF group (1.93 ± 0.44, 3.18 ± 0.83, 0.11 ± 0.02, and 0.38 ± 0.09, respectively) than in the non-HF group (2.12 ± 0.46, 3.57 ± 0.78, 0.13 ± 0.03, and 0.47 ± 0.11, respectively). The HSA showed excellent sensitivity (82.4% to 90.2%). HSA is an important factor in predicting the occurrence of hip fracture. Therefore, not only should bone mineral density (BMD) be considered clinically, but it is also important to look closely at HSA for risk of hip fracture.